فهرست مطالب

Rehabilitation Journal - Volume:1 Issue: 1, Sep 2003

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Sep 2003

  • 42 صفحه،
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1382/06/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Majid Mirkhani* Pages 3-3
  • Roy Mcconkey* Pages 9-15
    Internationally early intervention programmes for infants and preschoolers with disabilities have proved to be remarkably successful. In many countries, they began with teachers for visually impaired or hearing impaired children visiting the family home to teach parents how they could overcome the child's impairments. The logic of early intervention was inequitable. For example, the sooner children with visual impairments learnt to be independently mobile, then the greater their potential to learn and to kad an ordinary life. In time, this philosophy was extended to children with neurological and developmental delays, such as mental retardation, although success could be variable. In part, many different factors contributed to this variability: the form the interventions took, the extent of family involvement in the intervention and the lack of sensitivity of the measures used to assess a child's progress, to name but three. Perhaps the most extensive and intensive Early intervention schemes have been in the United States with their Head Start programmes. They were aimed at promoting the educational potential of preschoolers from deprived socio - economic backgrounds. Although the first phase of programmes had varying success, those in the second phase yielded impressive results which were mainly attributed to a greater focus on parental participation and links forged with the school system. Recently in developing countries, priority has been given to establishing early intervention as a means of creating new styles of family-based and community-based service in these countries in contrast to the hospital or institutional-services that were a legacy from a previous generation. Although formal evaluations are largely lacking, informal reports have been broadly enthusiastic. In sum, early intervention is no longer a new approach to developmental disabilities. It is an approach of proven effectiveness with children who have different impairments; and who come from different cultures and socio-economic circumstances. Finally compared with specialist-led, clinic-based services they are cost-effective. Hence there can be little hesitation in recommending that government and non-government agencies invest in these services.
    Keywords: Early intervention, Primary health care
  • Hashem Shemshadi* Pages 20-24
    Proper speech functioning in human being, depends on the precise coordination and timing balances in a series of complex neuro nuscular movements and actions. Starting from the prime organ of energy source of expelled air from respirato y system; deliver such air to trigger vocal cords; swift changes of this phonatory episode to a comprehensible sound in RESONACE and final coordination of all head and neck structures to elicit final speech in Articulators, are needed to function elegantly together. Any defects in this pathway with any etiology, creates speech difficulties. Reconstructive procedures to correct these defects as much as possible is the basis of Speech Reconstructive Surgery. Embellishing a team work, consisting of different specialties with a major role for speech and language pathologists is the golden opportunity to gain a successive information which helps the surgeon in pre,intra,and postoperative period. Mutual exchanges of information among these different specialties related to speech pathology, will initiate a great success for everyone in the team, especially the patient.
    Keywords: Speech reconstructive surgery, Speech pathology, Speech, language
  • Reza Nilipour* Pages 25-28
    This paper is a short review on the Jann and content of speech and language rehabilitation services and the trend of their institutionalization in Iran. A summary of formal education in speech and language therapy in Iran as originated by establishing a 4 year BS rehabilitation program in the College of Rehabilitation Sciences in Tehran in 1974 is given. Since then, speech and language Rehabilitation programs have been expanding both in size and quality, resulting in about 1200 speech therapists practicing in hospitals and rehabilitation centers throughout the counfly. The expansion of the first BS program, into 5 different graduate prgranis at MS Level in different universitties and a prospective PhD Program starting as of next year are also adding to the quality of these services. A summary of the content of the theory courses and clinical practice courses as well as research on assessment and diagnostic tools of specific Speech and language impairments and cross linguistic studies are briefly described.
    Keywords: Speech, language rehabilitattion therapy education, Speech impairments
  • H. Nahvinejad* Pages 29-42
    The situation of people with disabilities in the developing countries should be a matter of great concern. There are today close to 250 million severely and moderately disabled persons in these countries; the annual increase is 10 million. Most of them are poor, dependent neglected, excluded from education, training and jobs; They die early and have no power while alive. Between 15 and 20% of all people new living below the poverty line have a disability: The majority of them have no share in community development programs and are virtually excluded from the public services they need to be prepared for a life in the community. Their human rights are not well protected. It is clear that in this situation an effort should be made to improve the quality of life of persons with disabilities. Countries acting to assist disabled people are motivated by a belief in equality and the desire to limit the severity of disability and the hardship it imposes on individuals and families, as well as to limit the loss that occurs when a part of the population is economically unproductive. All people have the right to health. In order to ensure that right for all citizens, a nation provides opportunities for disabled people to develop and use their physical and mental abilities. The World Health organization is striving to realize health for all. In 1978, the International conference on Primary Health Care, held in Alma-Ata, declared that primary health care would address the main health problems in the community and thus promote Health for All through the provision of promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services. Following the declaration, WHO developed the strategy of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) as a means of integrating rehabilitation with health and development activities at the community level. The community-based rehabilitation system has in a very short time been introduced to about 90 developing countries.
    Keywords: Community-based rehabilitation, Primary health care rehabilitation services, Impairment