Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:8 Issue: 12, Oct 2010

Multiple Sclerosis is an incurable and chronic disease of the central nervous system. The main purpose of this survey is to compare the character types and life expectancy of patients suffering from M.S as compared with the normal people. This survey was conducted using the Persian translation of NEO- FFI (NEO- Five Factor Inventory) and Herth Life Expectancy. Thirty nine people suffering from multiple sclerosis who were hospitalized in a asylum, were chosen. As a control group there were 39 healthy people who had no background of physical or mental diseases. These people were selected from educational centre scientific and the personnel of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus. The healthy people were matched to control group according, to sex, age, marital status and education. To analyze the data, T tests were used. The results of the survey show that people suffering from multiple sclerosis were significantly different from healthy people in three factors, the five most important factors of characters, neuroticism, extraversion and openness. For life expectancy there was no significant difference between the two groups. persons afflicted by Multiple Sclerosis achieve higher marks due to the function of neuroticism compared with the safe people. They are also agreeableness in a lower state, due to the function of openness to experience compared with the safe ones and in a lower state compared with the safe persons.

Dysfunctional postural control is one of the most important problems in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Little is known about the spastic nature and development of the postural problems of children with spastic cerebral palsy, while sufficient knowledge is needed for the development of successful and efficient therapeutic interventions. This study will review the development of postural control in typically developing children and in CP children as well.

ob Nasality is one of the important parameters in pathology of voice resonance. Voice of normal adults has nasality to some extend. It appears that nasality, like other parameters of voice, can be affected by loudness which can be measured in experimental evaluations. This study was conducted to determine the effect of vocal loudness on nasalance of vowels in normal adults and to identify the relationship between these two factors in 18-28 year-old normal Persian-speaking adults. In this descriptive-analytic and cross sectional study, sample voices of 65 randomly selected male and female 18 to 28 year-old normal Persian-speaking students of Rehabilitation College in Iran Medical Sciences University were studied. Mean of Nasalance in Persian vowels was computed with Nasal View software. The findings were analyzed with descriptive statistical analysis and one-way ANOVA. Maximum nasalance was in low voice and minimum nasalance was in loud voice in both men and women subjects. The statistical results show that nasalance in 3 levels of low, normal, and loud voices have significant differences (p < 0.05). In normal adults, vowel nasalance is decreased with increase in vocal loudness. This is an aspect of normal speech mechanism. The findings can be explained considering function of velopharengeal port, raise in subglottal air pressure in loud voice, and increased muscle contraction of pharynx and palate.

The purpose of this study was designed to contribute to an accurate test of spastic limb. The intra, inter rater reliability of the test was examined. The present study was carried out in two parts; Within the first part of the study the modified Ashworth scale with intermediate scores (ASIS) was studied. During the second part of the study the intra, inter rater reliability of the ASIS were examined. Twenty cerebral palsy who had spasticity on their knee flexors, 11 male and nine female, participated in the study, their mean age was 25.4 (range from 18 to 35 years of age). The limbs were tested according to the ASIS. The same subjects were measured twice during a week period by each tester. According to the first part of the study intermediate scores were added to the modified Ashworth scale. In second part of the study inter operators and intra operator reliability of the ASIS were analyzed. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.78 and 0.89 for intra rater reliability, 0.46 and 0.53 for inter rater reliability. It appears that the Modified Ashworth Scale would be more sensitive if an intermediate score was added to each score (2-4). It is concluded that the intra rater reliability of ASIS measurements was found to be high and the inter rater reliability of ASIS measurements was found to be low.

Objectives - The purpose of the present study was to investigate effectiveness of cognitive-behavior education on decreasing deterministic thinking in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Method – Participants were 24 mothers of autistic children who were referred to counseling centers of Tehran and their children disorder had been diagnosed at least by a psychiatrist and a counselor. They were randomly selected and randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. Measurement tool was Deterministic Thinking Questionnaire and both groups answered it before and after education and the answers were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results - The results indicated that cognitive-behavior education decreased deterministic thinking among mothers of autistic children, as well as it decreased four sub scale of deterministic thinking: interaction with others, absolute thinking, prediction of future, and negative events (P<0/05). Discussions –By learning cognitive and behavioral techniques parents of children with autism can reach higher level of psychological well-being and it is likely that these cognitive-behavioral skills would have a positive impact on general life satisfaction of mothers of children with autism.

The spontaneous language sample analysis is an important part of the language assessment protocol. Language samples give us useful information about how children use language in the natural situations of daily life. The purpose of this study was to compare Conversation, Freeplay, and narrative speech in aspects of Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), Type-token ratio (TTR), and the number of utterances. By cluster sampling method, a total of 30 Semnanian five-year-old boys with normal speech and language development were selected from the active kindergartens in Semnan city. Conversation, Freeplay, and narrative speech were three applied language sample elicitation methods to obtain 15 minutes of children’s spontaneous language samples. Means for MLU, TTR, and the number of utterances are analyzed by dependent ANOVA. The result showed no significant difference in number of elicited utterances among these three language sampling methods. Narrative speech elicited longer MLU than freeplay and conversation, and compared to freeplay and narrative speech, conversation elicited higher TTR. Results suggest that in the clinical assessment of the Persian-language children, it is better to use narrative speech to elicit longer MLU and to use conversation to elicit higher TTR.

Within the context of Health-Related Quality of Life studies, it was necessary to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the SF-12 Health Survey version 2. The aim of this study was to investigate the factorial structure, convergent validity and reliability of this instrument in a healthy Iranian sample, following translation and the establishment of content and face validity.

In this cross-sectional study the translated instrument was administered together with the Sense of Coherence Scale and Health Index in a convenience sample of healthy people (n = 289) aged 17 to 76 years old between June and September 2006. A test-retest was conducted one month later.

Content Validity Index for Scale (85.6%) and face validity of the instrument were acceptable. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling by four models verified the existing two-factor structure, a physical and a mental component summary. All models exceeded the goodness of fit indices and showed a resemblance with the original instrument, except for models 3 and 4 (allowing cross-loadings). Although in these two models the General Health item and scale was loaded to the mental rather than the physical component; construct validity was confirmed. Also, physical and mental component significantly (p < 0.001) correlated to the Sense of Coherence Scale (r = 0.27; r = 0.68) and Health Index (r = 0.49; r = 0.67). Cronbach’s alpha values and the intra-class correlation coefficients were ≥ 0.70 and ≥ 0.60, respectively.

The Iranian SF-12 Health Survey version 2 was a psychometrically sound instrument, implying that it is suitable for use with large-scale surveys in Iranian population, both in clinical and rehabilitation settings or at a public level.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the Farsi version of Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Timed Up & Go (TUG), and Gait Speed tests in Persian community- dwelling older adults. Subjects were 100 male in falling or no falling history group (50 subjects in each groups). Subjects were community-dwelling adults aged 60- 90 years of Tehran. Each subject completed FGA, TUG, and GS tests one time and was scored simultaneously by one tester. Results show that the FGA and the TUG test were negative and significant correlated (r=-0.81; P<0.01), FGA and the Gait speed test were negative and significant correlated (r= - 0.77; P<0.01) and also TUG test and the Gait speed test were positive and significant correlated (r= 0.67; P<0.01). Concurrent validity has been established for the FGA, TUG and Gait speed tests in Persian community-dwelling older adults with and without fall history. FGA, TUG and Gait Speed tests are an appropriate gait and balance tools for people with and without fall history, and appear to be more sensitive in identifying and discriminating Persian elderly at risk of falling.

Objectives - One of the education ministry concerns in high schools is the problem of academic achievement. The student’s false attribution and absence of scholastic counseling service are the most important factors affecting student’s low achievements. The goal of research was the rate of cognitive reconstructive effect on attribution style and girl students’ academic performance at high school in Khalkhal. Method - Pre-test and post- test experimental design with control group were used in this study. 30 high school girl students were chosen randomly in 2 groups including 15 persons in experimental group and 15 persons in control group. 8 sessions of cognitive reconstructive counseling, like communal for experimental group, were held. Subjects were evaluated by attributive style inventory and school year average by per-test and post – test. The general hypothesis was “cognitive reconstructive education influence, students’ attribution style and academic performance”. MANOVA and independent groups’ T-Test for testing hypotheses were used. Results - Analyses showed that cognitive reconstructive education increase internal, permanent and general attributions for positive events and decrease those attributions for negative events. Conclusion -Also, cognitive reconstructive education increase students’ academic performance.

spsticity is the condition resulting of corticispinal damage as occurs in some neurological diseases. The aim of the article is review of the litrature on assessment and treatment of spasticity and spastic limbs. The assessment and treatment methods are studied the study involves different method of mangement of spastic limbs in depth. different method of evaluation of spasticity, including biomechanical and clinical assessment are reviewed and also some of the commonest treatment methods of spasticity are studied. A number of methods for assessment and treatment of spasticity are reviewed, some of methods commonly used for assessment or management of spasticity, depend on the condition of the patient and the aim of the therapist a method may empoyed.

Studying the situation of providing services for people with disability are very important and in current situation which is dominate on system providing rehabilitation services in Iran, private rehabilitation centers can be the best and the most important focus for this study. This research did as a qualitative type and with phenomenology method, and sampling did as purposeful and base on similar samples. These samples were 14 persons of managers of private rehabilitation centers who had especial experiences about subject of research and providing rehabilitation services. The method of executing this research was base on deep and open semi-structured interview that use from method focus group discussion that is type of semi-structure interview for collecting data from samples and data analyzed did by using from written analyze method and used from suggested Van Manen suggestion method. Manager of private rehabilitation center meet different problems and situations in path of control and managing their centers. General problem that will appear as a frame of problems related to private politic, and especial problems in related to private rehabilitation centers activities and intra and extra communication. But delivery this services to private part was not means deprive above responsible from Welfare Organization and deputy of this organization is administer to activities of private rehabilitation centers and this organization should issue establishment license private rehabilitation centers and this organ administer it.