Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 14, Oct 2011

The spontaneous language sample analysis is an important part of the language assessment protocol. Language samples give us useful information about how children use language in the natural situations of daily life. The purpose of this study was to compare Conversation, Freeplay, and narrative speech in aspects of Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), Type-token ratio (TTR), and the number of utterances.

By cluster sampling method, a total of 30 Semnanian five-year-old boys with normal speech and language development were selected from the active kindergartens in Semnan city. Conversation, Freeplay, and narrative speech were three applied language sample elicitation methods to obtain 15 minutes of children’s spontaneous language samples. Means for MLU, TTR, and the number of utterances are analyzed by dependent ANOVA.

The result showed no significant difference in number of elicited utterances among these three language sampling methods. Narrative speech elicited longer MLU than freeplay and conversation, and compared to freeplay and narrative speech, conversation elicited higher TTR.

Results suggest that in the clinical assessment of the Persian-language children, it is better to use narrative speech to elicit longer MLU and to use conversation to elicit higher TTR.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior education on decreasing deterministic thinking in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Participants were 24 mothers of autistic children who were referred to counseling centers of Tehran and their children’s disorder had been diagnosed at least by a psychiatrist and a counselor. They were randomly selected and assigned into control and experimental groups. Measurement tool was Deterministic Thinking Questionnaire and both groups answered it before and after education and the answers were analyzed by analysis of covariance.

The results indicated that cognitive-behavior education decreased deterministic thinking among mothers of autistic children, it decreased four sub scale of deterministic thinking: interaction with others, absolute thinking, prediction of future, and negative events (P<0.05) as well.

By learning cognitive and behavioral techniques, parents of children with autism can reach higher level of psychological well-being and it is likely that these cognitive-behavioral skills would have a positive impact on general life satisfaction of mothers of children with autism.

Profound hearing loss encounters children with delay in speech and language. As it is known language acquisition in young deaf children is a lengthy process, but cochlear implanted children have better spoken language skills than if they had not received the device. According to the importance of cochlear implant in deaf childchr('39')s language development, this study evaluates the effect of different variables on childchr('39')s language performance.

45 cochlear implanted children were tested, all of whom had used the device for at least 2 years. In order to evaluate the children, the NEWSHA test which is fitted for Persian speaking children was performed and language development of the children was compared through stepwise discriminant analysis.

After evaluation of the effect of different variables like childchr('39')s age of implantation, participating in rehabilitation classes, parentchr('39')s cooperation and their level of education, we came to a conclusion that the childchr('39')s age of implantation and rehabilitation program significantly develop the childchr('39')s language performance.

The value of cochlear implant in improvement of deaf children in speech, language perception, production and comprehension is confirmed by different studies which have been done on cochlear implanted children. Also, the present study indicates that language development in cochlear implanted children is highly related to their age of implantation and rehabilitation program.

The purpose of this study is to make questionnaire for screening body dysmorphic disorder sufferers in cosmetic clinics.

A sample of 150 female patients with age average 29.4 years completed Physical Appearance Concern Questionnaire. It has been used as screening tool for screening patients with body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in cosmetic clinics.

Result of reliability analysis (α=0.908) and validity have shown the effectiveness of this questionnaire for recognizing individuals with BDD symptoms.

Physical appearance concern questionnaire can be used in cosmetic clinics for identifying BDD sufferers among clients, with score for the severity of symptoms. Almost all of the researches have been studying in cosmetic clinics or dermatology settings and there is no investigation for people with special needs, thus further research is required in the development of a screening questionnaire or interview for identifying patients with BDD with special needs.

Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are sounds that originate in cochlea and are measured in external auditory canal and provide a simple, efficient and non-invasive objective indicator of healthy cochlear function. Olivo cochlear bundle (OCB) or auditory efferent system is a neural feedback pathway which originated from brain stem and terminated in the inner ear and can be evaluated non-invasively by applying a contralateral acoustic stimulus and simultaneously measuring reduction of OAEs amplitude. In this study gender differences in TEOAE amplitude and suppression of TEOAE were investigated.

This study was performed at Akhavan rehabilitation centre belonging to the University of Social welfare and rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2011. 60 young adults (30 female and 30 male) between 21 and 27 years old (mean=24 years old, SD=1.661) with normal hearing criteria were selected. Right ear of all cases were tested to neutralize side effect if there is any.

According to Independent t-test, TEOAE amplitude was significantly greater in females with mean value of 24.98 dB (P<0.001) and TEOAE suppression was significantly greater in males with mean value of 2.07 dB (P<0.001).

This study shows that there is a significant gender difference in adult’s TEOAE (cochlear mechanisms) and TEOAE suppression (auditory efferent system). The exact reason for these results is not clear. According to this study different norms for males and females might be necessary.

One of the principle of mental health programs is burden and coping of caregivers of chronically mental disorders patients. In this regard, the aim of present study was to measure the amount of burden and relationship between burden and their coping strategies of caregivers.

One hundred of main caregivers of patients (50 schizophrenic patients, 50 bipolar patients) from both Razi psychiatric hospital and clinic were enrolled to the study. The instruments were FBIS (Family Burden Interview Schedule) as well as Weintraub coping strategies check list (COPE). Chisquare, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were used for data analysis.

The study showed that the mean of burden in caregivers of chronic schizophrenic patients was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of bipolar patients (35.5 vs. 28.9). There was inverse correlation (but not statistically meaningful) between burden and problem focused coping strategy.

There was also a direct correlation between burden and emotional-oriented and less benefit and not effective coping strategies, but was not meaningful. Regarding the higher burden in caregivers of chronic schizophrenic patients, social support and offering health services to them seems to be necessary. Training of caregivers for problem-focused copings can also reduce the burden.

Stroke, is one of the major causes of disability in adults. So, the patient may prefer to use the non-involved limb to perfom selfcare & named this phenomen learned non used. Constraint induced therapy is one of the rehabilitative interventions that can be effective in restoration of the function of the involved limb in some hemiparetic post stroke patients. purpose of this study was to investigate effect of time constraind induced therapy on function, coordination and movements of upper limb on hemiplegic adults.

In an interventional design, 15 hemiplegic patients attended in stracture exrcises for 2 hours a day, 5 days a week for 12 weeks in during while for 5 hours a day, 5 days a week for 12 weeks, the sound limb was restricted within an arm sling for movement & dextrity assessment were used Fugl-Meyer & Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test.

the results of Fugl-Meyer & Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test were significantly improved in patients, after the intervention (P<0.05).

Our study shows that using CIT in involved limb encouraged the patients to use their involved limb and improved function by conquering learned non-use of the limb. more research is necessary to define baselines or golden times for rehabilitation of the patients using CIT method.

Studying the situation of providing services for people with disability are very important and in current situation which is dominate on system providing rehabilitation services in Iran, private rehabilitation centers can be the best and the most important focus for this study.

This research performed by qualitative method and with phenomenology type, and purposeful sampling did as purposeful and based on similar samples. The samples of this study consisted of 14 managers of private rehabilitation centers who had especial experiences about the theme of research and providing rehabilitation services. The method of executing research was base on deep and open semi-structured interview that use from method focus group discussion which is a type of semi-structure interview for collecting data from samples.

Collected data were analyzed by written analyze method and used from suggested Van Manen suggestion method. Managers of private rehabilitation centers meet different problems and confront with different situations in their centers. General problem which appear as a frame of problems related to private politic, especial problems related to private rehabilitation centers activities, and intra/extra communication.

The delivery of services to private sector does not mean depriving the responsibility from Welfare Organization and its rehabilitation deputy. The organization should issue establishment license for private rehabilitation centers and administer it.

Genetic polymorphism interactions are among the important factors in affliction with complex diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. The important goal of genetic association studies is to identify a combination of polymorphisms and measure their importance in increasing the risk of occurrence of such diseases. In this study, feature selection approach of logic regression was used to identify the interactions among genetic polymorphisms influential in patients affected with Alzheimer’s disease.

101 Alzheimer’s cases and 109 control subjects from Iranian population were recruited in a case-control study. The evaluation of genes in two groups was performed using molecular technique methods in particular, the PCR-RFLP technique was used to evaluate the intended polymorphisms in APOE, ABCA1, CALHM, CCR2, GSK3β, SAITOHIN, TAU, TNF-α and VDR genes, and then the feature selection approach was used to detect the significance polymorphisms and interactions between them.

Based on feature selection approach, the two-way interaction between the polymorphisms of SAITOHIN and APOE genes were significant on occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.

Logic regression approach is recommended to detect interaction in the genetic association studies.

Dental caries is a public health problem that affects pre-school and school children throughout the world. Poor oral health profoundly affects a person’s quality of life. Information on caries prevalence and severity represents the basis for caries prevention programs and indicates treatment necessity in the population. The occurrence of permanent teeth caries particularly in non-industrial societies, seems to be highThe aim of this study was to present the prevalence of dental caries inunder supervision 12 years old children living in Tehran and to assess the influence of the factors which are related to their oral health.

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 113 undersupervision children.The clinical examinations focused on dental status, expressed as DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled Permanent Teeth) index,following WHO standards methodologies. Clinical examinations and personal interviews to investigate the related factors to oral health were conducted by a single investigator.

The level of DMFT was estimated at 1.32±0.86. Among the relevant factors, the reason for visiting the dentist (P<0.0001) and duration of stay in the center (P<0.04) had a meaningful relation to DMFT index of more than 2.

The community under the research has a good condition as compared with the WHO goal. Further studies are recommended due to meaningful relation between DMFT index and the reason for visiting dentists as well as the duration of stay in the center.

Recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke is limited. Different approaches are used to improve the upper limb function, but none has satisfactory results. The present study investigated the effect of task related training and role of hand dominance in upper limb motor function rehabilitation in stroke population.

A convenient sample of 32 subjects divided into 4 groups with 8 subjects each took part in the study with an experimental design. The group 1, experimental dominant hand group, consisted of subjects with dominant hand paresis, the group 2 consisted of subjects with non dominant, group 3 & 4 consisted of dominant (dominant hand control group) and non dominant hand paresis (non dominant hand control group) .The group 1 and 2 received task related training and conventional therapy, while group 3 & 4 received conventional physiotherapy. All patients were assessed prior to training 4 weeks & after the 4 weeks of training program by using Chedoke Arm & Hand activity Inventory Score form, this score were used to find the difference between and within groups.

A within group analysis showed that there is a statistical significant difference for Chedoke Scores between pre training and post training in group 1, 2 and 3 but no significant difference in group 4. There was no significant difference between group1 post training scores there was a significant difference in post training scores group 1 and group 3. There was no significant difference in post training scores between group 3 and group 4. The comparison between group 2 and 4 group showed no significant difference in post training scores.

From this study it is evident that task related training and hand dominance play an important role in upper limb rehabilitation.

Spasticity is the condition resulting of corticispinal damage as occurs in some neurological diseases. The aim of the article is to review the literature on assessment and treatment of spasticity and spastic limbs. The assessment and treatment methods are studied the study involves different method of mangement of spastic limbs in depth. Different method of evaluation of spasticity, including biomechanical and clinical assessment are reviewed and also some of the most common treatment methods of spasticity are studied. A number of methods for assessment and treatment of spasticity are reviewed, some of methods commonly used for assessment or management of spasticity, depend on the condition of the patient and the aim of the therapist a method may empoyed.

Patient-centered model of care (PCMC) is a philosophy and mindset that requires a high level of commitment and significant adjustments in organizational structures. The patient-centered care (PCC) concept is based upon communication and involvement of both patients and their families in the treatment options and the potential outcome, thus empowering the patient and family. The PCC is a quality benchmark that is multidimensional and entails all aspect of how services are delivered to patients. The objective of this study was to study the effectiveness of PCC on the treatment outcome of a Rehabilitation Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The survey was conducted during the January 2009 to July 2010 at Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City (SBAHC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total number of 1125 patients participated in the questionnaire and surveys. This paper provides an in-depth discussion of the concepts and evidence regarding PCC, a comprehensive review of approaches, action plan and an examination of activities at SBAHC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Findings Demonstrated that Parent of Children With Cerebral Palsy Experience Elevated Level of Distress, Depression, Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Symptom and Subjective Symptom of Stress. Depression is a common condition that typically has a relapsing course. Effective interventions targeting relapse have the potential to dramatically reduce the point prevalence of the condition. Many of studies have shown that Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an intervention that has shown efficacy in reducing Depression syndrome and depressive relapse. In This Study, Effectiveness of Mindfulness–Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Reduction of Depression in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy was examined.

Three Mothers Whose Children Had Cerebral Palsy Were Diagnosed to Have Depression Symptoms, Using Beck Depression Inventory II, Structured Clinical in This Experimental Signal–Case Study. After The Baseline was Determined, Subject Attended on Eight–Session Program of Mindfulness–Based Cognitive Therapy.

The Comparison of Baseline and Post–Test was Showed That Depression Symptom has decreased through MBC. Improvement Quotient for Depression of each Subject was good.

Data Showed that MBCT Reduced Depression Symptoms in Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy.