Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:13 Issue: 24, Jun 2015

As a common belief among rehabilitation specialists, the purpose of rehabilitation has been restoring some of a person's physical and mental capabilities that have been lost as a result of disease, illness, or injury and to help achieve the highest possible level of function, independence, and quality of life. Goals of rehabilitation for different populations differ. Older adults usually focus on recovery of self-care ability and mobility, while for younger persons reentering the work force or returning to school may be the goal. Many factors influence the choice of who would benefit from rehabilitation and the success of those rehabilitation efforts. Much experimental and theoretical work has been done so far in the choice for rehabilitation (1, 2, 3). To address these needs, fourteen papers that focused on rehabilitation services and the choice for better services has been selected for this issue. In this issue of Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, articles focus on mental health, aged issues, addiction rehabilitation (4) and some factors which influence choosing rehabilitation services.

The most common problem that delinquent children and juveniles deal with it every moment is the lack of sufficient control over their aggression. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the mental rehabilitation group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on decreasing aggression in juvenile delinquents. This study employed a quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest design and a 2-month follow up along with the experimental and the control group. To conduct this study, 30 cases of delinquent juveniles selected by Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The Experimental group received 8 sessions of Acceptance and commitment group therapy. Results were analyzed using ANCOVA showed that the experimental group compared with the control group, earned significant reduction in aggression and its aspects (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility) and this difference maintained in follow-up phase too (P> 0/01). The results showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy can effectively reduce overall aggression and its dimension (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility) and the results last in follow-up phase.

Early maladaptive schemas are valid representations of unpleasant childhood experiences that shape a person’s viewpoints of the world, and lead to clinical symptoms such as depression, personality disorders, and substance abuse. Given the importance of this matter, we conducted a research on early maladaptive schemas in substance-abusers, to allow more appropriate preventive measures to be taken with a better understanding of the issue. For this descriptive-comparative study 115 patients (91 opiate users and 24 stimulant users) visiting drug addiction treatment centers were selected through convenience sampling from persons who were admitted to substance abuse treatment centers (MMT centers), addiction treatment camps and self-help groups and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) of Yasuj. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Questionnaire and Young’s Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (SQ-SF). Data analysis was done with ANOVA and t-tests. The results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between users of opiates and stimulants in terms of vulnerability to harm or illness, enmeshment, subjugation, emotional inhibition, entitlement, insufficient self-control / self-discipline, emotional deprivation, social isolation, defectiveness, failure / shame, and dependence. The average score of the stimulant-users was higher than that of opiate-users in all the schemas except for the dimensions of abandonment, mistrust, and unrelenting standards. Stimulant users have more early maladaptive schemas and are at a greater risk of psychological vulnerability. Early maladaptive schemas can be used by clinicians and researchers as a psychopathology and treatment method for substance dependence disorder.

Drug injection carries with it many risks and therefore it is important tounderstand initiating factors of injection and its origins.Thus purpose of this study was identify of Factors associated with initiation ofinjection drug use among substance abusers. Study method was cross- sectional study. Research Statistics universe constitutes of all People suffering substance dependence disorder with pattern of injection usein Tehran and Hamedan citys. This study conducted among 216 individual with substance dependence disorder that selected from harm reduction centers in Tehran and Hamedan citys, The sampling selection method was simple random.The instruments used fordata collectionwas included: demographic information, patterns of drug use and initiation of injection scales. In this study age average of initiation into injection was 22/5 years, Factors associated with initiation ofdrug injection were, aquired more pleasure,easier use, faster effect of injection, ineffecting previous usemethod, curiosity, peer pressure, lack of availability of the drug, poverty, low quality drugs. Results this study indicated that initiation factors to drug injection is multifaceted (Psychological, Social, Economic and Environmental), Therefore, in injection problem interventionists should be considered all this factors for prevention, treatment and harm reduction.

The aim of current study was the evaluation and comparison of compatibility and marital satisfaction between handicapped couple and healthy ones. For this purpose, 50 handicapped couples and 50 healthy couples probe was examined by Enrich’s marital satisfaction questionnaire and Bell’s adjustment questionnaire. The data were analyzed, using SPSS 15 and correlation test and ANOVA. The results showed that there was no significant difference between handicapped and healthy couples in compatibility and marital satisfaction. So it is concluded, the people were handicapped before their marriage and the ones who decided to marry them was aware of that matter properly therefore accepting a handicapped person wouldn’t be so hard. What important in marital compatibility is accepting a partner.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psycho-rehabilitation (Dohsa-hou) on improving the quality of life of 4-12 years old children with cerebral palsy. present research is asemi-experimental study with a pre-test - post-test design, follow-up and control group. The statistical population consists of all children with cerebral palsy in Yazd. 30 male patients were selected using convenience sampling method and they were divided into the experiment and control groups. Before treatment beginning, parents filled the quality of life questionnaire and at the end of the treatment period in the post-test and follow-up phase the same assessment was done. The treatment period in the experiment group was 12 sessions (three sessions per week) and follow up phase was done 50 days after the test. results obtained from the analysis of covariance showed that psychological rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy improve the quality of life and this difference was persistent in follow up phase (P <0.001). since the outbreak of cerebral palsy is raising and the symptoms are wide, in the future, patients may have an increased need for rehabilitation. Dohsa-hou as a psychological rehabilitation approach is an effective treatment to improve the quality of life of these patients.

Providing care to childreen who have disability is often a stressful experience, yet spiritual belifes may help mothers to be paitient, tolerante and hardy in confronting with child rearing dificulties.This study investigated relationship between spiritual attitude to child rearing and hardiness in mothers of handicapped child. In a descriptive correlation study, 120 mothers of handicapped child who were referred to rehabilitation clinics of the University of social welfare and rehabilitation Sciences (Rofeideh, Akhavan and Sina clinics), were selected through purposful sampling and answered to Sanctification of Parental Scale (SPS), and Personal Views Survey (PVS). Data were analyzed through SPSS-20 using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results showed that spiritual attitudes to child rearing is significantly related to hardiness in mothers and can predict it. It seems that having spiritual attitudes in difficult situations like providing care for disabled child have an important role in mother,s paitient and hardiness.

The current research is to investigate the relation between deterministic thinking and mental health among the drug abusers, in which it considers and clarifies the role of cognitive distortions by focusing on deterministic thinking. The present study is descriptive and correlative. All the individuals with experience of drug abusing who referred to Shafag rehabilitation center located in Kahrizak were considered as statistical population. 110 individuals who were addicted to drugs (stimulus and Metamephtalin) were selected from the population by the purposeful sampling method to answer the questionnaires of deterministic thinking and general health (GHQ). For data analysis were used Pearsonian coefficient correlation and regression analysis was used. The results showeds that there is a positive and significat relation between deterministic thinking and the lack of mental health at the statistical level [R=%22, P<0/05] and had the closest relation with deterministic thinking among the factors of mental health anxiety and depression. It was found that definitiveness in predicting tragic events and then in future anticipation (two factors of deterministic thinking are the most vigorous variables that predict the lack of mental health. It seems that the drug abusers to suffer deterministic thinking, when they to confront with difficult situations, they would be more affected by depression and anxiety. This way of thinking may play a major role by impelling or restraining drug addiction.

Elders face existential issue such as death, sense of loosing, lack of life and last chances. If people, cant confront effectively with it, after this loss of meaning of life, will form the main core of set of syndromes that called “demoralization”. Cognitive spirituality-based counseling tries to correct believes and the human imagination of God via cognitive therapy concepts and techniques. Because they prevent realistic and genuine attention to existential anxieties. A single case experimental plan, an A-B form, was used in this study. After determining baseline situation, intervention started. 10 sessions of cognitive spirituality-based counseling applied for them individually. A follow up session include running inventories, did a month after intervention. The participants were 3 elder women that were detected appropriate for this study by demoralization scale. Then cognitive distortions inventory ran to measure cognitive distortions that related to demoralization. The statistical society were elder women that refer to Tehran culture homes and sampling method was accessible and purposeful. results in this study via visual analysis of diagram of data show that mentioned approach was affective on two participants and non affective on the other. It seems that cognitive-spirituality counseling was affective in decreasing demoralization in two participants and non affective in other one.

Stroke is a major event in one''s life that patients will inevitably require the use of coping strategies in order to try to reestablish acceptable life equilibrium. Due to the extensive role that have nurses can be active members in the patient''s rehabilitation plan. mauk model is a model that focuses on stroke patients. Mauk for each stage of this model has developed appropriate rehabilitation nursing interventions. This study aimed to The effect of implication of the Mauk nursing rehabilitation model (Agonizing phase، Fantasy phase، Realizing phase) on the coping strategies of stroke patients. This study is a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test - post-test. The interventions, identify and learning coping strategies for patients based on the Mauk model. The convenience sampling was done and was performed in Emam hospital and Tabassom rehabilitation center in 1392. Data collection instruments, was demographic questionnaire and coping strategies questionnaire for stroke patients. The educational program was implemented in six sessions 45-minute. The patients Coping strategies, before and after of training was assessed. Data was statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests in the SPSS software. The mean score for coping strategiesbefore intervention was 111/42 ±11/71and after intervention was102/14± 12/45 (p<0/05). The physical, mental and social dimensions in the coping strategies showed significant differences between other aspects of the questionnaire. Using the Mauk rehabilitation model intervention for effective dealing with the stress and changing behavior patterns unpredictable with the health with biological treatment for chronic patients is an important component of the treatment protocol, and cause increase coping strategies in stroke patients.

The aim of this research was to assess the level of awareness of rehabilitation professionals employed in rehabilitation academic centers in Tehran about Telerehabilitation technology. In this study a descriptive cross-sectional research method was used. The research was implemented by using a researcher-designed questionnaire which was developed by integration and cultural adaptation of different tools collected in the field of telehealth implementation feasibility. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was determined and approved by the Lawsche’s method. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by test-retest correlation coefficient determinations. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, informed consent was obtatined, and the questionnaires were distributed among the study sample which included 141 rehabilitation professionals. The findings show that a desirable level of awareness does not exist among rehabilitation professionals regarding this technology. Based upon the results, only 8% of the participants had basic knowledge about this technology and its possible requirements in case of implementation. Since rehabilitation professionals’ awareness and knowledge can be a major key to a better implementation and application of this technology, it seems that there is a need for some developmental and training programs such as informative educational workshops and seminars to help them improve their level of knowledge and awareness.

This research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status, a developmental screening questionnaire, in 4-60 months old children in Tehran city. At first a precise translation of the questionnaire was done by the research team and then the Persian version was back translated by three English language experts. The back translated version was compared with the original version. Next the content validity of the finalized Persian version was verified by three pediatricians who were expertise in child development and also by literature review. Then, the test was performed on 648 children ranging from 4 to 60 months old, in four health care centers, in north, south, east and west regions of Tehran city. In order to determine the agreement coefficient, these children were also evaluated by ASQ at the same time. Available sampling was used until the desired sample number was achieved. Test-retest methods (by 2-3 weeks interval) and Cronbach’s α were used in order to determine reliability of the test. Because there was no developmental gold standard diagnostic test accessible, the Kappa agreement coefficient between PEDS and ASQ, another developmental screening questionnaire, was estimated. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 16. All of the questions in PEDS had good content validity, and there was no need to change them. The total Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.63. By considering the low items number of PEDS, the estimated value was acceptable. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of test- retest was 0.87 that is good (P<0.001). The estimated Kappa measure agreement between PEDS and ASQ was 0.30 (P<0.001), because the large sample size and similarity of the result of screening in 71.5%, it is possible to conclude that this measure is acceptable. Developmental disorders were observed in 23.1% of children (4.6% delayed and 18.5% questionable) who were examined by PEDS, and in 26.4% of children who were examined by ASQ (14.7% delayed and 11.7% questionable). PEDS has a good content validity and reliability and can be used for developmental screening of children in Tehran city. Because the test is brief, using it can lead to saving time and resources.

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of psychological immunization on pessimistic attribution in girl students with dyslexia. The study was an experimental in which 60 girl students with dyslexia were selected randomly from Learning Disabilities Centers in Isfahan. Subjects were assigned to experimental and control groups (15 individuals in each group). All students completed Children Attributional Style Questionnaire before and after training sessions. Experimental group participated in 10 intervention sessions (twice a week; 60 minutes per session) and trained by psychological immunization program. Six weeks later, experimental group answered to the questionnaire again. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results of analysis of covariance showed that intervention program has significantly decreased the pessimistic attribution style of experimental group in comparison to control group (p<0.001). It seems that the application of psychological immunization program has influenced pessimistic beliefs of girl students with dyslexia and probably is useful as a rehabilitation program for modifying the style of attribution (p<0.001).

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SRT that was performed in 4-6 years Persian speaking children. The SRT is a nonword repetition task that assesses phonological working memory and has been designed by Shriberg in 2008. Methods The present research was a non-experimental study with methodological design. The content validity of task was evaluated by 15 speech language pathologist (SLP). Lawshe coefficient was acceptable and therefore without changing the number and phonological structure of the nonwords, the SRT was performed in 140 normal children in two groups (4-5 and 5-6 years old) that were selected randomly from 10 kindergartens of Tehran. To assess the test-retest reliability, the SRT was performed with one-week intervals. Finally, to determine differential validity of the SRT, task was performed in 30 children with speech sound disorders (SSD) that has been selected from Speech and language clinics of Tehran. we used SPSS software version 21 to determine Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach''s alpha coefficient and T test. Results CVR coefficient of the SRT was between 0.57 to 1. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient of the total score was 0.83 and Pearson correlation coefficient between successive runs was 0.87 (P <0.001). There was a significant difference between the performances of two age groups (P=0.001). Also the SRT score in SSD children was significantly lower than normal children (P=0.001). Conclusions The SRT appears to be a psychometrically valid and reliable nonword repetition task for evaluating phonological working memory. The evidence of differential validity of the SRT was approved by two ways:Differences between two age groups of normal children and differences between normal and SSD groups. Poor performance of children with SSD indicates that these patients have difficulty to store and retrieve of phonological information in their working memory.

The purpose of this case report was to evaluate the effectiveness of training of transfer techniques to a caregiver of a person with stroke in decreasing musculoskeletal pain, depression and anxiety. This study adopted a single subject research design to evaluate the effectiveness of transfer-techniques training on musculoskeletal pain, depression, and anxiety in a 25-year-old female caregiver of a person with stroke. The study was completed in four phases including baseline evaluation (1st and 3rd week), training (3rd, 5th and 7th week), post-training (9th week), and follow-up evaluation (11th week). During the 1st week, demographic and descriptive information (such as age, time since diagnosis, cognition and independence of daily living) were collected from the stroke patient. Also pain severity,anxiety and depression levels of the caregiver were evaluated. In weeks 3, 5 and 7, transfer training was undertaken. The patient was involved in the training with the caregiver under the supervision of an occupational therapist in their own home. Effectiveness of training regarding musculoskeletal pain and depression and anxiety levels of the caregiver was evaluated in 5th,9th and 11th weeks and in 9th and 11th weeks. The data were analyzed using a visual analysis of trends and levels. The results showed a decrease in pain severity, anxiety and depression during training and post-training. The changes continued during the follow-up stage. This study suggests promising results for effectiveness of the transfer-techniques training and justify further clinical trials. A larger trial is required to confirm the effectiveness of transfer training in improving pain in caregivers of stroke survivors.