فهرست مطالب
Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:15 Issue: 34, Dec 2017
- تاریخ انتشار: 1396/08/27
- تعداد عناوین: 14
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Pages 303-308ObjectivesDependence on Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) is a current health concern in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the most needed treatment and rehabilitation services that a group of ATS-dependent patients in Tehran reported.MethodsThe current study is part of the first cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of ATS dependence in Tehran. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Overall, 6027 men and women in the general adult population of Tehran were interviewed. Overall, 261 participants were ATS-dependent. Of them, 35 participants were interviewed in this qualitative study.
Atlas-ti software was used for qualitative data analysis in compliance with the Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 32 (SD=11) years (age range: 18-60 years). The mean year of the schooling was 8 (SD=9). The content analysis of interviews showed a series of needs including rehabilitation not only treatment, brief psychosocial treatments, family education and engagement in treatment and rehabilitation as well as after treatment services such as case management to help them to re-integrate into society respectively.DiscussionThe study results indicated that ATS dependence demands a combination of treatment and rehabilitation services. This concern demands long-term planning, designing and training, which should be considered by health service providers. Further studies are needed to determine which treatment or rehabilitation programme may work best for this group of drug-dependent people.Keywords: Drug, Methamphetamine, Rehabilitation, Treatment -
Pages 309-316ObjectivesNowadays, ports are considered a portal for business as well as the main infrastructure for economic development worldwide. Genetic predisposition, work activity and procedures, and psychosocial preparedness are the main factors responsible for the occurrence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs). The present study aimed to assess psychosocial variables affecting WMSDs in an Iranian port in 2015.MethodsAll workers of a port (n=60) located in the south of Iran were included in the present study. Job burnout and safety climate were assessed by MBI and SCQ, respectively. In addition, musculoskeletal disorders were reported by body map questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by ANOVA, logistic regression analysis, Pearson correlation, and t-test using SPSS V20.ResultsBased on the obtained data, 40 workers (66.7%) experienced musculoskeletal pain in at least one part of their bodies in the previous year. Also, job burnout score was 76.17±8.9 and safety climate was 188.7±23.07. Logistic regression revealed that job burnout, emotional fatigue (PDiscussionPsychological factors of workplaces include job burnout, employees attitude and safety climate that negatively affect ergonomic disorders. Since psychological and psycho-social issues are neglected in developing countries such as Iran, the researchers anticipate that the obtained results can be used as a guideline for policymakers as well as in the supportive and preventive arena for managing safety and health issues.Keywords: Mental Health, Safety culture, Musculoskeletal diseases, Port, Iran
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Pages 317-324ObjectivesThe primary goal of this study was to identify the determinants of mothers authoritative parenting style upon the ecological model of parenting. There are some factors involved in this model such as a parent (i.e. developmental history, personality), and child characteristics (i.e. temperament and developmental issues) and environmental factors.MethodsThe statistic population of this study includes mothers in Tehran having preschool children between 46 years old. By convenient sampling, eight kindergarten schools were selected, and mothers completed the questionnaires. The sample consisted of 157 mothers who had the authoritative parenting style based on the score of Baumrinds parenting style questionnaire. The participants completed the questionnaires and data was analyzed with regression analysis.ResultsThe parents neuroticism (r=-0.253, PDiscussionThis study enhances our understanding of the primary determinants of authoritative parenting style in Iranian mothers. The authoritative parenting style is a function of interactional mother and child characteristic and contextual components. These parents had a low score on neuroticism. Therefore, they had emotional stability and could manage their impulse and negative emotions about child maltreatment. Also, their children had low scores in excitability and a high score in sociability. Additionally, the authoritative mothers had weak social support. One explanation for this result is that mothers are the autonomy people and stand on their own rules and had little need to others.Keywords: Parenting, Personality, Temperament
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Pages 325-332ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the use of television and behavioral problems in children.MethodsThis is a descriptive and correlational research. The statistical population of the study included 4- to 6-year-old pre-school children in Tehran who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. A sample of 150 children was selected. The subjects responded to two questionnaires of Rutters behavioral problems and a researcher-made questionnaire on the extent of using electronic devices. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software in two sections: descriptive (tables and diagrams) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and one-way and two-way Chi-square tests).ResultsThe findings showed that there was a relationship between the use of television with isolation and anxiety in 4- to 6-year-old children. There was no significant relationship between having a personal computer and the time spent in watching television, but overall, the percentages of the total results indicated that children who did not have computers spent more hours watching television. Further, there was no significant relationship between the number of hours spent for playing with children and the time spent for watching television, but the results represented that children who played more than 2 hours spent less time watching television. However, there was a significant difference in aggressive behavior, neglect and childish behavior, but no significant difference in isolation and anxiety between children watching foreign movies and cartoons and those who watched Iranian movies and cartoons.DiscussionIt seems that decreasing childrens television watching can prevent behavioral problems.Keywords: Games, Using television, Behavioral problems
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Pages 333-340Objectives
The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of attention training on the math performance of elementary school students with intellectual disability.
MethodsThe present research was a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design with the control group. The study population comprised students with intellectual disability aged 10-12 years. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling method. In this study, 30 students with intellectual disability participated. Subjects were divided into two groups (experimental and control group) randomly, and each group consisted of 15 students. The experimental group received attention training program in 18 sessions while the control group did not. In this study, the Raven progressive matrices test and math performance test were used. The obtained data were analyzed using MANCOVA.
ResultsThe findings showed that there was a significant increase in math performance scores (in context, operation, and application domains) of the experimental group in comparison with the control group.
DiscussionThe results indicated that attention training program has influenced math performance of the primary school students with intellectual disability.
Keywords: Attention, Mathematics, Intellectual disability -
Pages 341-350ObjectivesThis case study highlights the applicability of Dynamic Assessment (DA) in exploring the cognitive development and intellectual functioning of a schizophrenic foreign language learner.MethodsThe general analytical framework of study to unmask the changes in the learners competence is Microgenesis.ResultsAnalysis of the findings not only supports the Vygotskian view regarding the significance of meditational tools in uncovering the masked intelligence and cognitive ability but also provides implications for assessing and teaching of schizophrenic students.DiscussionThis case study demonstrated how DA by meditational moves including the presence of mediator, mnemonics, thought-provoking questions, and translation can overcome cognitive and behavioral impairment.Keywords: Schizophrenia, Dynamic assessment, Writing, Vygotsky
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Pages 351-358ObjectivesThe Neuro-occupation model has been referenced as the single occupational therapy conceptual framework that considers the interaction of three underpinning variables of Intention, Meaning, and Perception that explains how occupational performance is shaped. To date, studies have focused on the qualitative relationships between the variables. Quantitative studies that focus on the relationships among variables are lacking, begging the question as to whether the model is well-conceptualized. Extending prior work on the Neuro-occupation model, the aim of this quantitative study is to test the model by investigating correlations among the key variables of the model.MethodsThis is a correlational study by a convenience sample of 25 cognitively-oriented patients with strokes recruited from three rehabilitation facilities in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were evaluated using three standardized instruments to measure the variables: 1. Adapted Achievement Motivation Questionnaire, 2. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and 3. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. To control the effects of months post-stroke and cognitive functioning, the partial correlation test was used to explore relationships among the variables.ResultsThe correlational analysis indicated significant positive relationships among the variables of intention, meaning, and perception. The partial correlations showed acceptable correlation coefficients (r≥0.45, PDiscussionThe Neuro-occupation model is a well-conceptualized framework, which can assist occupational therapists in understanding the design of occupational performance.Keywords: Cerebrovascular strokes, Cognition, Neuroscience, Occupations, Theoretical models
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Pages 359-366ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on externalizing behavior problems among street and working children.MethodsThis experimental study was conducted with a pre- and posttest control group design. The statistical population of this study included girls aged 7-10 years who had been identified by the social workers working in Kiana Sociocultural Group Center in the city of Karaj in order to study, participate in educational programs, and also receive the relevant services. To this end, 40 of the girls who scored 63 or above from the Teachers Report Form (TRF) were randomly selected and assigned to intervention and control groups. Then, the intervention group was divided into 4 groups of 5 girls who participated in a cognitive-behavioral play therapy program for 12 one-hour sessions lasting 2 sessions per week. Following the intervention, teachers once again filled out the Achenbachs Teacher Report Form (TRF) for both intervention and control groups, and finally, the data were analyzed.ResultsThe findings revealed that reduction in externalizing behavior problems among children such as aggression and law-breaking behavior in the intervention group compared with those in the control group was significant (PDiscussionIt seems that one of the effective ways to lessen externalizing behavior problems among street and working children is cognitive-behavioral play therapy; therefore, coaches and teachers of such children are recommended to make use of this method to lower their behavioral problems.Keywords: Play therapy, Behavioral problems, Children
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Pages 367-376ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of laterality and handedness on higher-order sensory functions and manual dexterity of the elderly.MethodsIn this non-experimental cross-sectional study, 58 elderly people aged 60-75 years (35 right-handed) were recruited through a convenience sampling method. Laterality of the selected subjects was examined using the Edinburg test, while the higher-order sensory functions were assessed via haptic performance along with weight and texture discrimination tests. Gross and fine manual dexterity functions were assessed with the help of the box-and-block and Purdue pegboard tests, respectively.ResultsResults showed that the main effects of laterality and handedness, as well as the interaction effect of laterality × handedness on the haptic performance of the elderly were not significant. However, the main and interaction effects of laterality and handedness on the texture and weight discrimination of the elderly were significant. On the other hand, the main and interaction effects of laterality and handedness on the gross and fine manual dexterity of the elderly were not found to be significant.DiscussionLaterality has no effect on the higher-order sensory functions of right- and left-handed elderly people. However, effects of laterality on fine motor dexterity in right-handed individuals were detected.Keywords: Aging, Handedness, Laterality, Sensation
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Pages 377-388ObjectivesExtensive use of wheelchair increases caregiver dependency, risk of bedsores, risk of injury during transfer, and so on, and it effectively decreases quality of life, safety, and comfort of the people with disability. Therefore, improving the design of wheelchairs is highly essential in promoting the quality of life and level of participation among people with disability. The design of wheelchair for users of a developed country might be inadequate in comparison to a developing country such as India because the users needs and driving conditions are completely different. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to understand the perspective of Indian wheelchair users through comprehensive needs assessment study and to recognize the primary design parameters and to prioritize them for evidence-based design solution.MethodsA preliminary analysis was conducted through direct surveillance of wheelchairs (manual and electric) and deliberations with the healthcare professionals. Observations of this analysis were used to guide the design of the research questionnaire and interview guide. Comprehensive quantitative and qualitative data related to the design of the wheelchair were provided by a sample of 115 wheelchair users. The assessment of needs and expectations was performed by using the framework approach and with SPSS tool. Then, the data were further analyzed using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) design through House of Quality (HoQ) tool to recognize and prioritize design parameters for evidence-based design targeted at enhancement of quality of life of people with disability.ResultsFour key themes emerged: 1. Difficulties in transfer from wheelchair to and from bed; 2. Difficulty to stand from seating position; 3. Problems in using commode; and 4. Risk of bedsores due to extensive use of wheelchair. Furthermore, QFD-based analysis revealed that out of 11 design parameters recommended by cross-functional team based on needs assessment study the following parameters received the highest technical importance: 1. Sit to stand transfer feature (13.90%); 2. Bedsore prevention feature (12.60%); 3. Sit to sleep transfer feature (12.00%); and 4. Adjustable backrest with multi-posture adjustment feature (11.20%).DiscussionThe results of this study are useful in understanding the perspective of Indian wheelchair users needs toward evidence-based wheelchair design. The design parameters with high absolute and relative technical importance can be selected to design new wheelchairs for Indian users in order to enhance the quality of life, comfort, and safety of people with disability.Keywords: Quality of life, Rehabilitation, Wheelchair
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Pages 389-398ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of Pilates exercise on Fear of Falling (FOF) among elderly women.MethodsThe present study is a clinical trial that was conducted on 44 elderly women aged between 60-80 years. Subjects were recruited through the convenience sampling method and were then randomly divided into two groups of inference viz. Pilates exercise group, the members of which underwent Pilates exercise training along with the routine sanatorium exercises and the control group in which members stuck with (routine exercise only. Data was gathered by using demographic questionnaire and Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). For the intervention group, Pilates training was done for 8 weeks, three times a week (1 hour per session) under the supervision of a trained coach. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software v.16.ResultsThe findings indicated that the means of FES-I scores in Pilates group improved from 32.90 to 22.18 (MD=10.72) after the intervention. According to the independent t-test, there was a significant difference in the means of post intervention FES-I scores, between the two groups (P=0DiscussionPilates training could decrease the FOF and may thus be implemented as an effective interventional method for fall prevention in elderly women.Keywords: Pilates, Fear, Fall, Fear of Falling (FOF), Aged
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Pages 399-406ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the voice outcomes before and after the administration of voice therapy in patients who suffered an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve after undergoing thyroidectomy.MethodsThe sample consisted of 26 patients (2 males and 24 females) aged between 18 and 80 years (m=55±12) who experienced injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve following thyroidectomy that was used to treat a thyroid gland disease. Subjective and objective parameters of the voice of the patients as well as its aerodynamic aspects were assessed upon the completion of the surgical procedure and before and after the implementation of voice therapy. Objective voice analysis was performed with the help of computer software viz. Speech Training for Windows, Version 4.00 - Dr. Speech and EZ Voice Plus (TM) v. 2.0; while GRBAS scale was used for subjective voice assessment. The subjects were followed for two years. The data so collected during this period was analyzed by implementing descriptive statistical parameters, Chi-square test, t-test and Wilcoxon test.ResultsPatients with an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve were found to have voice alterations in all vocal parameters of subjective voice assessment conducted using the GRBAS Scale. These alterations ranged from moderate to severe degree, which provided a high degree of roughness in the voice. Objective voice assessment parameter analysis showed a decrease in voice pitch, increase in shimmer, decrease in noise-to-harmonics ratio, decrease in maximum phonation time and a decrease in voiceless percentage. Overall, it was observed that there were significant differences in all parameters of subjective and objective voice assessment, before and after vocal therapy, except for variables regarding the noise-to-harmonics ratio and aerodynamic variable of the S/Z ratio, although, the results on these vocal parameters were better after voice therapy.DiscussionLaryngeal symptoms are known to often accompany thyroidectomy procedures. In the present study, it was observed that administration of vocal therapy and teamwork between the doctors and speech therapist significantly affected the patients recovery and improvement in the quality of voice after thyroidectomy.Keywords: Thyroidectomy, Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Voice symptoms, Voice therapy
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Pages 407-414ObjectivesSocial development in children is influenced by several factors, including family, school friends, television, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and locomotor activity, and depending on the situation and how they react to it, social development and maturity might get accelerated or get undermined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between fine motor skills and social development and maturity in children.MethodsThis is a descriptive-analytical study that included 85 children in the age group of 6-8 years (41 boys and 44 girls). We used a two-stage random sampling method in order to select samples from elementary schools in Regions 14 and 15, Tehran. Information was collected through the General Health Questionnaire and demographic questionnaire, which was filled by the parents. Fine motor skills test consisting of three subtests, i.e., response speed, visual-motor control, and upper-limb speed and dexterity, was measured using Bruninks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Social maturity was measured using Vineland social maturity scale. The entire process lasted for a month and the mean, standard deviation, range of changes, minimum, and maximum values were analyzed. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare mean scores of variables between male and female groups and significance level for statistical tests was analyzed at α=0.05.ResultsSignificant correlation between social quotient and total score of fine motor skills variable was obtained (PDiscussionAccording to the results, there is a significant association between fine motor skills with respect to visual-motor skills of hands and social competence and maturity in children, and it can be used as impact factor for to improve in childrens social growth.Keywords: Motor skills, Social development, Relationship
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Pages 415-420ObjectivesMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and disabling disease of the nervous system. This study was conducted to determine the effect of isometric exercises on balance and ability in the patients with MS.MethodsSixty MS patients participated in this randomized controlled trial study and patients were randomly assigned into treatment and control groups. Treatment group participated in an isometric exercise program for 8 weeks and the control group followed routine treatment program. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used to measure disability and balance status, respectively, on days 1, 28, and 56 post treatment.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the mean scores of EDSS and BSS between the control and treatment groups on day 1 post treatment. Mean scores of EDSS and BSS significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the treatment group compared with the control group on day 56 post treatment (PDiscussionIsometric exercise programs improved balance and reduced the severe disability in MS patients and recommended as a complementary treatment program for MS patients.Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Isometric exercise, Patients, Rehabilitation