Iranian Rehabilitation Journal
Volume:7 Issue: 9, Apr 2009

The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between identity status and career maturity among adolescents with visual disorders, as compared to normal adolescents. Method: The study had two populations: all normal high school students in Tehran city (including boys and girls) and all visually- disabled high school students in Tehran (including boys and girls). The sample consisted of 275 students, of whom 65 were students with visual disabilities and 210 were normal students. For the students with visual disabilities the sample included all the population and normal students were selected using a multi-stage sampling. To collect data, participants completed Dellas Identity Status Inventory (DISI-O) and Career Development Inventory- Australian- Short Form (CDI-A-SF). Data were analyzed using kolmogrov-Smirnov test, one way analysis of variance, T-test for independent groups and covariance. Results: Results indicated career maturity differed significantly by different identity status of the participants (p<0.0001). The statistical differences obtained indicated there were relationships between identity status and career maturity. It was also found career maturity differed significantly among normal and visually-disabled students (p=0.04). However, no significant difference was found among male and female students in terms of career maturity (p= 0.14). Discussion: The results of the current study suggested career maturity differed by the four identity statuses. And there is differences between career maturity in normal and visual disabilities group’s results indicated mean score of normal student in career maturity was significantly higher than the other group.

This research studied and compared marital satisfaction level of the women who have infertility problem with those who does not have this problem. Method: Totally 180 persons participated (90 infertile women and 90 fertile women) were participated in this study. Participants were comprised of those referring to 3 Tehran city infertility centers. For data gathering in this research, the constructed questionnaire and Enrich Marital Satisfactions questionnaire have been used. Data analysis has been done with use of two independent t-tests and one way variance analysis has been done. Results: results showed significant difference in satisfaction level of the fertile and infertile women, while, our research hypotheses were not confirmed in this regard by studying factors effective on marital satisfaction of the infertile women. The number of unsuccessful pregnancies whether in fertile women or infertile women didn’t have considerable effect on the marital satisfaction, while, effect of this factor on marital satisfaction level of the infertile women was higher than that on the fertile women. Conclusion: Generally, by inclusion of limitations in this plan, it is impossible to generalize the present research results with difficulty, though it is inevitable to emphasize on negative consequences of the spouses'' life and it is important to pay attention to its different dimensions.

Stroke survivors develop their own strategies to combat disabilities, developing strategies to maintain or reestablish a sense of continuity after the disruptive life event that stroke represents, using strategies to foster hope during the process of adjusting to life after stroke and drawing on spiritual practices. The aim of this study is to identify the used and recommended strategies of life after stroke among Iranian people. Method: A grounded theory approach was recruited using semi-structured interviews with 10 stroke survivors, 12 family caregivers and 6 formal care givers. Results: Five main concepts emerged describing as the used and recommended strategies of the participants including, improving functional performance, re-learning life skills and educational support, accessing to rehabilitative services, socio-economical support and well-suited coping strategies. Conclusion: Participants valued better knowledge and skills regarding the adaptive strategies for stroke survivors and their family care givers are essential in accomplishing with activities of daily living and doing social roles for improving life after stroke. Also developing the socio- economic supports is crucial for assuring a more supportive approach to achieve rehabilitation services and design better educational program for them.

The visual-motor skill is one of the major factors in the learning process. Visual-spatial and visual analysis skills are components of the visual motor skill. Any deficiency in Visual - Motor skills and their components often causes problem in writing and learning processes in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational therapy (O.T.) intervention on visual-spatial and visual analysis skills in children with L.D. Method: Fifty-eight children with learning disorder (L.D.) from “Learning Disorders Centers “in Tehran were assessed in this study. Out of them, 23children were selected. They were in second, third and forth standard classes. They had normal I.Q and no visual or auditory problem .All of the children took the “Test of Visual Motor Skills- Revised “(TVMS-R). They were divided into two groups: 11 in experimental group and 12 in control group. O.T interventions were performed for 16 sessions in the experimental group and finally all of the children were assessed with TVMS-R again. TVMS-R includes 8 categories and is designed based on copying some geometric figures. This test was standardized in Exceptional Children Institute, Tehran in 2002. Results: There was no significant difference of means between the pretest and the post test in the control group (P=0.10), but there was a significant difference of means in the experimental group based on paired t-test (P=0.000) Conclusion: Results showed that the O.T. intervention had a statistically meaningful effect on visual-spatial and visual analysis skills in children with L.D.

Talking about needs, it means to consider the reasons of human behavior. Because such behavior starts with one or several needs which will cause to develop different societies according to the degree of civilization, and also social-cultural factors treat differently with blinds, so these different circumstances can create different needs and motivation for them. Methods: On this basis, in order to measure marriage motivation, a, questionnaire made by researcher using Maslow''s hierarchy of needs, which contains 45 questions. The participants consisted of 76 blind (In Isfahan, by using stratified sampling method) and 76 normal. The two groups in respect to age, sex, education level employment and income level were matched. Results: Statistical analysis of results showed that a significant difference exists in respect and self-sufficient factors of marriage motivation between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: with respect to the results, it seems that blind people contrary to relatively deprivation that they face, willing to act upon their own internal values. Therefore any problem in their marriage motivation can be due to their interactions with others.

0/05). Conclusions: Among the studied sample of patient with multiple sclerosis the cognitive task impacted on some gait characteristics. The finding of this study suggests that the choice of the attention-splitting task in dual-task gait assessment among patient with MS must be made carefully, and effect of dual task training on gait characteristics must be investigated.

The growth and development process of the child is influenced by reciprocal environmental, psychological and social factors, and the family’s role is very crucial in all of this. It is obvious that although it’s important to start a family, but what’s further important is its survival in a healthy and intimate atmosphere. It has been estimated that between 2 and 12 million American families are subjected to wife abuse. Child abuse takes place in different forms. According to a World Bank report one third of children in the first few years of the new millennium are deprived of their fundamental rights. The present research indicates that those that reported abuse through public information were low in number only at 4.5 percent, which is indicative of poor education and people participation. In the services that were provided to the victims, counselling and psychotherapy were the highest number, and it is necessary to raise the number of legal services provided for the victims (3%), in order to realise the rights of the individual.

Autism is a lifelong neurological disability of unknown etiology. The criteria for a diagnosis of autism are based on a triad of impairments in social interaction, communication and a lack of flexibility in thinking and behavior There are several factors which are likely to contribute to this variation including the definition of autism and variability in diagnosis amongst professionals, however anecdotally there appears to have been a steadily increasing demand for services. The purpose of this review of research literature relating to the management and treatment of children with autism is to identify the most effective models of best practice. The review includes Comparative evidence supporting a range of treatment and intervention models, across the range of individuals included within autism spectrum disorders, psychodynamic treatment/management which are based on the assumption that autism is the result of emotional damage to the child, usually because of failure to develop a close attachment to parents, especially the mother, biological treatments, educational and behavioral interventions, communication therapies, cost benefits and supporting families.The research is examined for evidence to support best practice models in supporting families at the time of diagnosis and assessment and an overview of the nature of comprehensive supports that help reduce stresses that may be experienced by families of a child with autism and promote inclusion in community activities.

Foreign Accent Syndrome is a rare speech disorder caused by the damage sustained to left hemisphere of the brain, in which a combination of segmental and suprasegmental deviations in speech production creates foreign accent. Despite of segmental pronunciation problems, prosodic errors are mainly considered as the main characteristics of Foreign Accent Syndrome. The present paper offers a report on a 53-year Persian-speaking woman who is pronouncing the words and sentences with foreign accent after a stroke and central semiovale focal infarctions of left hemisphere. According to researchers'' information and follow-up done, this patient is considered as the first case of FAS in Iran. Prosodic characteristics of the patient''s speech have been compared with speech features of ordinary speakers of Persian language. Being in direction of previously reported research findings, the obtained results show that there are main deviations in prosodic characteristics of the patient''s speech which are related to the speech rate, stress, and juncture.