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Health Education and Health Promotion - Volume:4 Issue: 1, winter 2016

Health Education and Health Promotion
Volume:4 Issue: 1, winter 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/06/26
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Rahman Panahi, Ali Ramazankhani, Mahmud Tavousi, Fereshte Osmani, Dr, Shamsedin Niknami Pages 3-13
    Aim: Smoking is one of the most important causes of respiratory, cardiovascular and cancers diseases. This study examined the smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of dormitory students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. The specific aim is to determine the correlation between the main variable's affect on smoking habits, knowledge and attitudes.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study conducted with descriptive and analytical approach, 340 students were selected through random cluster sampling. The participating students completed an interview measuring demographic characteristics and smoking-related knowledge, attitude and practice. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Pearson's tests in SPSS (ver. 21).
    Findings: The mean and SD of the participants was 22.93±4.05 years. Accordingly, 23% (n=78) of the subjects were current smokers and 17.1% (n=58) had experienced smoking. The knowledge of 1.8% (n=6) of the subjects was weak about smoking's health effects, 9.97% (n=332) had average and 0.3% (n=1) had good knowledge. Attitude of 8.6% (n=29) of the participants about smoking was poor, 29.5% (n=100) average and 61.9% (n=210) good. Relationship between knowledge and attitude about the harms of smoking (r=0.35, p
    Conclusion
    There was a moderate level of knowledge and attitude about smoking hazards among the participants. Also the prevalence of smoking was relatively high. With regard to the statistically significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with smoking, declared health educational programs may enrich current knowledge, and promote the attitudes related to smoking risk and effects on the student's health.
    Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Smoking, Student
  • Fatemeh Pourhaje, Nooshin Peyman, Mohammad Hossein Delshad, Fahimeh Pourhaje Pages 14-24
    Background And Objectives
    decades named preventing injuries decade. The most sensitive and vulnerable persons against diseases and accident, especially accidental falls are children. This study aimed to determine the application of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in predicting preventive behaviors from children's accidental falls (AFs) in mothers with children less than 3 years old referred to the health centers of Mashhad City.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study included 140 mothers who were selected from the health centers of Mashhad City according to the inclusion criteria of the study and by cluster and systematic sampling. The instruments for data collection were valid and reliable questionnaires of demographic information, a self-administered questionnaire that is assumed to examine the structures of PMT and preventive behaviors from CAFs and were analyzed with SPSS 20. Pearson & Spearman, one way ANOVA correlation coefficient and linear regression were applied together to analyze the data.
    Results
    The mean age of the subjects was 27.42.07 years. The results also showed that there were statistically significant relationships between the perceived susceptibility and protection motivation and preventive behaviors from CAFs (P
    Conclusion
    The results showed that the mother’s sensitivity and knowledge about preventive behaviors from CAFs were low. The findings of this study can be useful for designing educational interventions for prevention of CAFs by health authorities.
    Keywords: accidents, Childhood, Injury, Protection Motivation Theory
  • Shadi Fahi, Shadi Fahi, Mahmud Tavousi, Gholamreza Garmaroudi, Dr Montazeri Pages 25-38
    Purpose
    The present study was conducted to validate the international version of the resilience scale (CYRM-28) among adolescent youth students.
    Method
    The first original scale was translated into Persian language by two experts. Then an integrated version of the two was translated to the language of the original version again; then it was ensured that the content of the Persian and English version's was matched. The Persian version scale was filled in by 412 high school students (270 males and 142 females) in Tehran, who were selected as a random cluster. Regarding the clear scale structure to assess the validity, construct validity was used (confirmatory factor analysis) using the LISREL software version 8.8. In addition, scale reliability was examined using the two methods of internal correlation coefficient and test-retest.
    Findings: Fit Index confirmed the resilience scale's fit ness in confirmatory factor analysis. In examining the reliability using the internal correlation calculation method (Cranach’s alpha), the value of each sub-scale item, as well as that of total questions was higher than the standard value of 0.7 to confirm the tool's reliability. In examining the reliability using test-retest method, correlation coefficient of each sub-scale in two steps was at an acceptable level and significant.
    Conclusion
    The present study confirmed the three-factor structure of CYRM-28 scale, including the individual sub-scale's relationship with the primary caregiver and contextual factors in the Persian version of the scale. This study showed that the reliability and validity of the Persian version of CYRM-28 was suitable for measuring the resilience of Iranian children and youth.
    Keywords: Resilience, Children, Youth, Psychometrics
  • Laleh Ajelilahiji, Mohammad Ali Besharat, Sareh Behzadipour Pages 39-55
    Aim: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Gottman's theory-based training on the reduction of couple's marital conflict and marital instability.
    Methods
    The research method was quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest control-group design, and the population of this study was comprised of all the married couples in Shiraz, Iran in 2015-16. They were selected by the convenience sampling method, and after the interview, and were randomly assigned into two (28) groups. To collect the data, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage, as well as inferential statistics including analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and (ANCOVA) were used to test the hypotheses. Subsequently, the experimental group was given the considered training during 7 sessions, and the questionnaires were, finally, completed again by both groups.
    Findings: Based on the findings of this study, Gottman's theory-based training has had a significant effect (α=0.05) on the reduction of marital conflict and marital instability of married couples.
    Conclusion
    It was concluded that Gottman's theory-based intervention is able to reduce the level of marital conflict and its components and marital instability significantly in the experimental group.
    Keywords: Resilience, Children, Youth, Psychometrics
  • Zahra Motlagh, Mohammad Hosain Kaveh, Javad Kojurij Pages 56-65
    Background
    Hypertension (HTN) is considered to be the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although lifestyle modifications such as increase in physical activity (PA) are effective for lowering blood pressure (BP), it can often be difficult for hypertensive (HTN) individuals to modify their lifestyle and maintain such modification. So this study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of trans-theoretical model (TTM)-based intervention on PA in HTN patients.
    Materials And Methods
    This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 78 hypertensive patients (39 in the experimental group (EG) and 39 in the control group (CG)) from January 2015 to September 2015 in the city of Shiraz in southern Iran. The EG received TTM-based intervention about PA for four weeks. The study outcomes included PA stages of change, processes of change, exercise self-efficacy (ESE), decisional balance and PA, which were measured at the onset and at one week post-intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.
    Results
    At one week post-intervention, PA increased significantly in the EG (1218.35±917.95) compared to the CG (810.28±785.21) (p=0.04). A significantly larger percentage of the EG (80.6%, n= 25) progressed to the stage of action compared with the CG (16.1%, n=5). Also one week post-intervention, the EG demonstrated higher ESE (p=0.004), higher decisional balance (p
    Conclusions
    The present study showed that the TTM-based intervention effectively increased PA. So the use of TTM-based interventions can be effective in increasing the commitment to PA in HTN patients.
    Keywords: Hypertension, Physical activity, Trans, theoretical Model
  • Maryam Ghaemi Amiri, Abasalt Khorasani, Mohammad Yamani Doozi Sorkhabi, Shahram Yazdani Page 60
    Aim: The comprehensive evaluation program of the health system in higher education is a strategic plan in line with the goals of health reform program. The planning levels are based on 12 general policies. As professors of medical universities have an important role in public health promotion, this study aimed to identify the outcomes of faculty development at medical universities in the northern parts of Iran based on the evolution and innovation program of medical education.
    Methods
    This qualitative research was conducted using Grounded Theory Approach during 2015-2016. The research population consisted of 22 faculty members of medical universities in the Northern part of Iran. Sampling was performed by a purposive sampling method for those who had responsibilities at university or college.
    Findings: The obtained results suggested two main themes: the internal university outcomes (i.e. promotion of education quality at universities), and external university outcomes (i.e. public health promotion).
    Conclusion
    It is suggested that education policy makers apply a more accurate and systematic plan in order to achieve development and growth of their faculty members; so, the effectiveness and efficiency of faculty members, and consequently, higher education will be promoted.
    Keywords: Innovation program, Faculty development, Medical education, Outcome