نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز
سال ششم شماره 3 (تابستان 1396)

Ergonomic factors can increase the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the ergonomic variables on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders between the urban and out of urban drivers in Ilam province.
The population studied in this research including 251 peoples of the urban and out of urban drivers in Ilam province in 2007-2008. The different variables such as driving state, seat position, driver cab condition, the diameter of the steering wheel, steering angle to the horizon and etc were examined. Data analysis was conducted by statistical methods (SPSS-16 and x2 test) and the p-value of 0.05 was used as significant.
The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the slope of the pedals, the height of steering wheel, seat position, availability of the driver cab, steering angle, the use of driver back protector with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the spinal pain due to the driving (p Recognition of many factors in design of equipment of driver cab to create the safe environment for drivers is necessary. Therefore, the condition around of driver in car should be identified and so design that driver feeling comfort and relax on duty.

Diabetes and depression are among diseases highly associated with life style, urbanism, and industrialization. The concomitance of the two of them costs the patients many years of their lives. Many researchers have been done on the outbreak of depression among diabetics in Iran. The principal purpose of this study is to determine the outbreak of depression among diabetics using the Meta-analysis method.
This study is a systematic review. The prevalence rate of depression among diabetics estimation was determined using Meta-analysis method on the data extracted from English and Persian data bases. To analyze the information obtained, we used STATA 11.2 and the random effect model.
Among 32 eligible researches 7135 patients with type I and II diabetes were chosen for this study. Using Beck’s self-report scale 65% of the cases shown mild to severe symptoms of depression. 64% of the patients were female and the prevalence rate of depression was reported 71.3% in the female and 60.3% in the male cases.
The prevalence rate of depression among Iranian diabetics is higher in comparison with other countries. Considering the fact that the concomitance of the two of these diseases results in a raise in medical costs, it is recommended to the doctors to check for depression symptoms in diabetics and recommend health solutions to the patient and the one accompanying them.

Since appropriate and initial methods in trauma care have a crucial role in patients outcome, we evaluated the effect of advanced trauma life support (ATLS) program on nurses’ performance in ER in a simulated model.
A descriptive and analytical study before and after training as conducted in 30 ER nurses in shahid Madani Hospital, Karaj, Iran in (oct, 2016) on the first day, we assessed for nurses’ clinical Knowledge and practical skill performance in confronting a simulated trauma patient.
After two days of ATLS training we performed the same study and evaluated their performance again on the fourth day.
findings of the above evaluations pre and post ATLS training program were compared by spss software (version 15) and the p values significant.
The findings have shown that the ER nurses’ ability in all three tasks improved notably after the training course. On the fourth day fallowed by training, there was a statically significant increase in ER nurses’ knowledge of ATLS methods, the sequence of procedures and skill performance In trauma-facing situation ( p ATLS course has a crucial role in increasing clinical knowledge and practical skills on trauma care in ER nurses.

In today's dynamic and turbulent environments, organization know their competitive advantage to obtain new information and specialized knowledge and is of great importance to keep pace with environmental changes. One of the most important organizational issues in this dynamic environment is in terms of the importance of knowledge organizational learning. In fact, learning organization adjusts itself with changing environment and increases its productivity. One tool causing it, is e-learning systems. In fact, these systems provide opportunity to staff to update their skills and knowledge during the work. One requirement of using this tool is assessing organizational readiness for its implementation. In this research, E-learning Readiness in Alborz University of Medical Sciences has been investigated.
This research is descriptive and in the type of analysis, it is a correlational survey. From the perspective of objective, it is an applied research that was conducted using questionnaires in an organization as a case study. The statistical population was 987 managers and employees, and the statistical sample was 272 people. The data was gathered in one step by the researcher, then analyzed in SPSS by using the descriptive statistics
The results indicate that the mentioned organization, in general, has necessary readiness to develop these systems. For the successful development of E-learning system, there are two recommendations for the organization: organizational support and improvement of financial policies to implement more appropriate strategies.
There is enough E-learning Readiness in Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

Reaching health is always considered as the most important personal and social goals and medical institution is one of the most important institutions in a society. So distance from the therapies recommending by this institution could show a suspicion to doctors, reducing their Prestige and even creation the legitimacy crisis for this institution. Therefore analysis the spread of alternative therapies to current medicine and it’s reasons are important and will be the purpose of this article.
This study is a survey on 245 patients in five medical centers at five points of Tehran (North, South, East, West and Center).Method of sampling was available and data collection was implemented by the questionnaire which made by researcher. SPSS 23 software had used in data analysis.
The results showed the highest frequency in herbal treatment (2.72%) which had a significant gap to other alternative therapies. On the reasons of application, "because I saw a lot of people that concluded good result from this procedure and recommend it to others", with nearly 60% and "Because prescription drugs form doctors did not effect to solve my illness" with 52% gived most agreement. The statement "I think treatments which had recommended in advices of religious leaders is not useful for "todays illnesses" have inverse linear relationship with the herbal treatment by using the significance level of 95% with 0.395 beta coefficient.
Although the reasons of citizens for using alternative therapies was more pragmatic, but statistical analysis showed that near 40% of the variance of using Herbal treatment among citizens interested by awareness about benefits of this therapy in advices of religious leaders.

The liver has important role in the metabolism of chemical drugs and plasma protein synthesis. Abilizol is used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar maniac disorders. In this study the effect of abilizol have been observed on serum levels of liver enzymes, total protein, albumin and liver tissue changes.
In this experimental study 50 adult male rats from wistar race were divided in to 5 groups of 10.The experimental groups which received 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of abilizol drug orally for 28 days. The control group which received nothings and the sham group which received solvent. At the end of this Period, blood samples were taken from all groups. ALT (Alanine Transaminase), AST (Aspartate Transaminase), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), total protein and albumin were measured. Also histological changes of liver studied.
No significant differences were observed in levels of ALT , ALP and albumin enzymes between experimental and control groups. In experimental group received 15mg/kg abilizol drug showed a significant decrease in level of AST in compared with control group. In experimental group received 15mg/kg abilizol drug showed a significant decrease in level of total protein in compared with control group (p≤0.05). Density of liver tissue in all experimental groups received abilizol drug decrease significantly in compared with control group.
Results show that abilizol is a cause of liver parenchymal cell failure and decreases liver enzymes levels.

Manipulation of training variables such as intensity, volume and training session’s frequency could affect the exercise compatibility and dynamicity these carry out different physiological adaptations. The purpose of this study is determining the effect of two types high intensity training (HIIT) on some hem rheological factors in young overweight and obese women.
24 girls with age 25/75±1/18 y, height: 161/29± 4/23cm, weight 74/51±6/27 kg, fat 30/70± 2/23%, BMI 28/66±1/89 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study and randomly divided into three experimental HIIT1 group (n=8), HIIT2 group (n=8) and control group (n=8). The subjects of the group HIIT1 in each session running 30 seconds in four sets with 19 to 20 the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) Borg scale and two minutes of rest between sets. HIIT2 group running four sets of 60 s with the same intensity and four minutes rest between sets, training protocol performed three times a week and as long as four weeks. 48 hours before and 48 hours after exercise, blood samples were taken. For analyzing data, use Mixed between-within Subjects analysis of variance in level of (p>0.05).
Results showed in levels of RBC , MCV, MCH , hematocrit, hemoglobin wasn’t significantly variation and also difference between groups was not significant (p>0.05). RDW was significantly changed only in HIIT2 group (p0.05). MCHC in each the experimental groups showed significantly changes, the difference between groups was significant only between each experimental groups with control (p according to the results, it can be said that short term HIIT (30 s) in comparison with midterm HIIT (60 s) probably accompanied with slightly hemolysis side effects.

Senile cataract is the most prevalent cause of blindness in the world. Variety of causes are involved in the pathogenesis of senile cataract, the most important reason is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs because of increased production of free radicals in the body and decrease antioxidant capacity. One of the defense systems against free radicals is superoxide dismutase I (Cu/zn SOD). SOD enzyme catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anion to O2 and H2O2. Several polymorphisms have been found associated with SOD1 gene. Present study has been done to evaluation effects of genetic polymorphism, including SOD1�>C polymorphism in senile cataract patients and normal individuals.
in this case – control study, there are 120 patients with senile cataract and 104 healthy people. We collected 2ml of whole blood in tubes containing EDTA, and then DNA extraction was performed. Polymorphisms were detected by PCR–RFLP technique.
The distribution of AA, AC genotypes of SOD1 gene in the patient with senile cataract were 99.2% and 0.8%. Similarly, distribution of AA, AC genotype in the healthy group were 99% and 1%, respectively. The genotype of CC was not seen in none of the patients and control subjects.
No significant differences in the distribution SOD1�>C polymorphism was observed between cases and controls.