فهرست مطالب
Iranian Journal Of Nursing and Midwifery Research
Volume:22 Issue: 2, Mar-Apr 2017
- تاریخ انتشار: 1396/02/17
- تعداد عناوین: 15
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Pages 83-90BackgroundIn the nursing profession, it is apparent that the definition of caring differs between various perspectives. This article compares the difference of caring in Islamic with the Parse and Watson theories.Materials And MethodsIn this study, we use concept analyses of WalkerAvants and compare research methods. Material used is all Islamic documents.ResultsAccording to Islamic documents, there are four major types of caring, namely, (1) God taking care of humans, (2) Humans taking care of themselves, (3) Other humans taking care of humans, and (4) The universe taking care of humans and vice versa. God caring for humans affects the three other types of caring. All three definitions of caring have humanistic and holistic view. According to Watsons and Parses definition, the development of the caring theory is based on the persons experiences that result from human interactions with, and experiences of, their environment. In Islamic definition, although the caring process is affected by environmental experiences and interactions, human not developed only base the effect of environment; rather, it is developed on the basis of human nature and divine
commands. God taking care of humans is specific to Islamic perspective and is not found in other definitions. Islamic perspective maintains that God is the creator of humanity and is in charge of guiding humans. A superior form of human can always be discovered.ConclusionsThus, nursing implementation in Muslims must be done based on Islamic commands, and Islamic commands are superior to human experiences. However, Islamic commands interpreted with human wisdom and thought can be striving toward excellence.Keywords: Caring, Islamic perspective, nursing, Parse's theory, Watson's theory -
Contextual Facilitators and Maintaining of Compassion-Based Care: An Ethnographic StudyPages 91-96BackgroundCompassion is an important part of nursing. It fosters better relationships between nurses and their patients. Moreover, it gives patients more confidence in the care they receive. Determining facilitators of compassion are essential to holistic care. The purpose of this study was to explore these facilitators.Materials And MethodsThis ethnographic study was conducted in 20142015 with 20 nurses, 12 patients, and 4 family members in the medical and surgical wards. Data collection was done through observations and in‑depth semi‑structured interviews with purposive sampling. The study was carried out in 15 months. Data analysis was performed using constant comparison based on Strauss and Corbin.ResultsData analysis defined three main themes and eight subthemes as the fundamentals of compassion‑based care. Nurses personal factors with subcategories of personality, attitudes, and values and holistic view; and socio‑cultural factors with subcategories of kindness role model, religious, and cultural values are needed to elicit compassionate behaviors. Initiator factors, with subcategories of patient suffering, patient communication demands, and patient emotional and psychological necessity are also needed to start compassionate behaviors.ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that nurses communication with patients is nurses duty in order to understand and respect the needs of patients. Attention should be paid to issues relating to compassion in nursing and practice educational programs. Indeed, creating a care environment with compassion, regardless of any shortcomings in the work condition, would help in the development of effective nursing.Keywords: Communication, compassion, ethnography, Iran, nursing care
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Pages 97-101BackgroundKidney transplantation is the renal replacement therapy of choice for most patients with end‑stage renal disease (ESRD), however, adherence to the recommended lifestyle is critical for a positive prognosis. The purpose of this study was to assess adherence to immunosuppressive therapy and lifestyle recommendations along with some related factors among kidney transplant patients.Materials And MethodsIn this descriptive analytical study, all patients completed a questionnaire regarding medication intake and lifestyle recommendations (preventing of infection, self‑monitoring, prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and sun protection). The participants were divided into 4 groups according to the level of adherence (good, partial, poor, and nonadherent) indicated in their responses.ResultsMost kidney recipients were adherent to their drug prescriptions, but were partial, poor, or nonadherent regarding lifestyle recommendations. Increased passage of time since transplantation and low family support and educational level resulted in nonadherence. Men showed greater adherence to medication intake than women. Patients with lower number of drugs and reported drug side‑effects illustrated better adherence to medication intake. Women adhered to infection protection recommendations more than men, and older and married patients adhered to cardiovascular prevention recommendations more than others. However, younger patients showed greater adherence to self‑monitoring recommendations, and singles, young individuals, and women were adherent to sun protection recommendations.ConclusionsNonadherence is common among kidney transplant recipients. Thus, it is necessary to determine patients who are at risk of nonadherence and to introduce more educational programs to improve their adherence and their quality of life (QOL).Keywords: Adherence, Iran, Kidney transplantation nursing
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Pages 102-105BackgroundPsychological and social health of children with cancer may be severely affected by the disease and its treatment. Successive drawing by children can help them over time in terms of psychological and social adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drawing on depression in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Materials And MethodsThis quasi‑experimental study was conducted on 712‑year‑old children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. After completing Maria Kovacs Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI), 65 children who had obtained scores higher than 12 were chosen as study participants and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The children in the experimental group were engaged in open painting sessions for 6 weeks. After the intervention, the CDI was completed again in both the groups. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, such as independent t‑test, paired t‑test, and Chi‑square and MannWhitney tests.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the childrens depression scores before and after the intervention in both the two groups (PConclusionsThe results showed that painting was effective in reducing depression in children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, painting can be used as an easy, cheap, and effective intervention by nurses to help children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Keywords: Chemotherapy, children with cancer, depression, painting
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Pages 106-111BackgroundThe practice environment pivotal role in patients and nurses better outcomes is evident. Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES‑NWI) is widely utilized to assess nursing work environments. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of PES‑NWI.Materials And MethodsThe instrument was translated and its psychometrics were investigated by content, construct validity (factor analysis), and homogeneity (internal consistency and intraclass correlation) on a sample of 350 nurses at educational hospitals in East Azerbaijan, Iran.ResultsThe 30 items loaded onto 4 factors explained 34.9550.06% of the variance. The items across the factors differed slightly from those reported by the original author of the PES‑NWI. Cronbachs alpha and Pearson coefficient for the entire instrument and also for extracted factors was 0.700.96.ConclusionsThe Persian version of PES‑NWI has an appropriate level of validity and reliability in the Iranian setting for nurses. The subscale of Nursing Foundations for quality care needs modification.Keywords: Iran, nurse, practice environment scale of nursing, reliability, validity
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Pages 112-116BackgroundIncreased level of blood lipids is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Considerable research has done to assess the effects of physical exercises on lipid profile, of which aerobic exercises are the main part of evidence. However, in recent years, resistance exercise has been less investigated. Thus, the present study investigates the effect of resistance exercise on lipid profile in coronary artery disease patients.Materials And MethodsThis study was a randomized clinical trial. Forty eligible participants were selected through selective sampling and were assigned randomly to either intervention or control groups (20 participants in each group). Fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of lipid profile before, after, and after 4 weeks of the end of intervention. The intervention period lasted 8 weeks and included two exercise sessions of 45 60 minutes per week. Resistance exercise was performed by use of light weights in the range of motion of the elbow, shoulder, and knee joints. The number of repetitions was initially 10 and was gradually increased to 15. Then, the weight was increased by 35% and the number of sets too. Data were analyzed on significant level of PResultsIn both the groups, the mean and mean changes of lipid profile, before, after. and 4 weeks after the end of the intervention were not significantly different (PConclusionsThe 8‑week of resistance exercise did not lead to a significant decrease in the mean lipid profile.Keywords: Coronary artery disease, lipids, resistance training
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Pages 117-122BackgroundBurnout has its focus on exhaustion and it includes persistent response to long‑lasting job‑related stressful events. It has a special relevance in health care area in which staff is under constant psychological, emotional, and physical stress. The results of several studies on burnout prevalence among Iranian nurses indicate its high incidence. Therefore, more accurate researches are required for better preventive interventions, and to do so, a reliable validated scale is required. One of the suitable and new tools for the measurement of burnout is Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). This study aimed to translate and investigate psychometric properties of CBI in Iranian nurses.Materials And MethodsIn this methodological study, after the translation process, face and content validities via qualitative and quantitative methods was done. Content validation ratio, scale‑level content validated index, item‑level content validity index were measured. Then, construct validity was determined through factor analysis. Furthermore, internal consistency reliability and stability were assessed. The questionnaire was sent to 450 nurses who were randomly selected via quota sampling.ResultsFace and content validity were acceptable. After translation and cultural adaptation process, exploratory factor analysis suggested a new model based on four factors and fit indices validated this model via confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and stability of CBI were affirmed for each subscale separately.ConclusionsThe four‑factor Persian version of the CBI proved to enjoy acceptable psychometric properties. It can be applied to evaluate burnout in Iranian nurses or other health care providers.Keywords: Burnout, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, factor analysis, nurses, psychometric properties
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Pages 123-127BackgroundAttention deficit‑hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorders during childhood whose treatment is greatly dependent on families; therefore, families of such children should improve their relation with them so that they could enjoy their lives. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Barkleys family‑oriented program on the burden of care on such families.Materials And MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted among 64 family care givers for children with ADHD. By simple ampling, samples passing the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly allocated into two groups of control and intervention. The intervention group received Barkleys family education program through 9 sessions; the control group participated in 3 group sessions and expressed their problems and experiences. Data were collected and analyzed using the Zarit Burden Interview.ResultsBurden of care was gradually reduced through the study in the intervention group, however, the mean score of burden of care did not have a significant reduction in the control group.ConclusionsBecause Barkleys family‑oriented program was able to reduce the burden of care in families of children with ADHD, it is recommended to develop similar programs and evaluate them through various studies.Keywords: Attention deficit‑hyperactive disorder, burden, family care giver, Iran
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Pages 128-134BackgroundPerformance appraisal is an essential component of health care organizations for the improvement in quality of patients care. Awareness of managers and employees perception of performance appraisal can lead to improved performance appraisal quality. The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of performance appraisal among managers and nursing staff of hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Materials And MethodsThis descriptive‑analytical and cross‑sectional study was conducted among 75 managers and 313 nurses in 2014. The participants were selected through a two‑stage quota‑random sampling. Data were collected using two researcher‑made questionnaires (nursing managers and nurses questionnaires). Data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical tests using the Software Package for the Social Sciences software.ResultsThe mean score of managers and nurses perception of the current performance appraisal was 56.8 (14.2) and 51.4 (14.5), respectively. A significant difference was observed between managers and nurses perception of performance appraisal (P = 0.004). The participants perception was examined in terms of performance appraisal method, the consequences of performance appraisal, and the necessity of performance appraisal. In general, perception of managers was more positive than employees.ConclusionsThe evaluation of the perception of nurses revealed deficiencies in the process of performance appraisal. Moreover, managers had a more positive perception than employees toward the current pattern of performance appraisal. The results of this study can be effective on the decisions of authorities in this field.Keywords: Performance appraisal, nurse managers, nursing staff, Iran
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Pages 135-139BackgroundChildren with cleft lip and/or palate frequently experience feeding difficulties that may place them at risk of malnutrition. Parents negative response to these problems is associated with development of problematic behaviors in the child. This study aimed to investigate feeding behavior in children with cleft lip and/or palate and parental responses to these problems.Materials And MethodsA total of 120 parents of children (aged 6 months to 6 years) with cleft lip and/or palate were recruited from the Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, who gave consent and completed a two‑part questionnaire through interviews. Part A of the questionnaire consisted of 25 items that evaluate childrens feeding behavior during mealtimes and part B consists of 18 items that assess parental response (strategies, feelings, and anxiety) to these problems.ResultsIndependent t‑test showed a significant difference in the mean score of feeding behavior in mothers (P = 0.020) and parental responses in fathers (P = 0.030). The Pearson correlation coefficient showed an inverse correlation between behavioral feeding score and childrens interval (P = 0.008, r = −0.381) and direct correlation between parental response and feeding behavioral difficulties (P = 0.003, r = 0.428).ConclusionsWith regards to the results representing appropriate feeding behaviors in children with cleft lip and/or palate, it is suggested that feeding behavioral assessment is an essential nursing and nonmedical intervention for all children.Keywords: Cleft lip, Cleft Palate, Feeding Behavior, Iran, Parent
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Pages 140-146BackgroundPostmenopausal women experience a variety of symptoms, among which sleep disorder is one of the most common problems. Acupressure and Pilates exercise programs are effective nonpharmaceutical treatments which can improve sleep quality. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effects of acupressure and Pilates‑based exercises on the sleep quality of postmenopausal women referred to medical clinics.Materials And MethodsIn this single‑blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, we recruited 108 women aged 4060 years who were randomly assigned into one control and two intervention groups using balanced block randomization method (three groups of 36 each). The patients in the Pilates exercise group participated in an exercise training program of three 1‑hour sessions per week for 6 consecutive weeks. The participants of acupressure group received acupressure intervention three times a week for 6 weeks. The sleep quality of all participants was assessed and recorded using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) once before and once after the intervention.ResultsThe results showed no statistically significant difference among the three groups on the total scores of sleep quality after the intervention. The intragroup comparison revealed that the changes in the mean total scores were significant in both the intervention groups (P 0.001) but not in the control group (P = 0.76).ConclusionsPilates‑based exercises and acupressure can effectively improve womens sleep quality. Both techniques can be applied as effective alternative and complementary methods for improving sleep quality during the postmenopausal period.Keywords: Acupressure, exercise movement techniques, Iran, post menopause, sleep
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Pages 147-156BackgroundThe rate of mothers undergoing cesarean section in the absence of medical indication is increasing in the world. Women attitude have an essential role in the request or selecting a birth mode. This study aimed to develop a scale for measuring attitude toward birth method selection.Materials And MethodsThe study was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative parts. Data collection was conducted from June to December 2012 in Ahvaz, Iran. In the qualitative part of the study, 21 interviews were conducted with pregnant or parturient women and key informants. Consequently, content and face validity were performed to provide a pre‑final version of the questionnaire. Then, in the quantitative part of the study, validity, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability were performed to assess the psychometric properties of the scale.ResultsA 130‑item questionnaire was developed through the qualitative phase. It was reduced to an 82‑item questionnaire after content and face validity. Exploratory factor analysis loaded a 68‑item with an 8‑factor solution (beliefs and attitudes, sexual and physical attitudes, fear of childbirth, preference of convenience, health, and supporting, socio‑ cultural norms, confidence to the birth practitioner, personal and practical choice, and sources of motivations, which jointly accounted for 42.97% of the observed variance. Cronbachs alpha coefficient showed excellent internal consistency (á = 0.87), and testretest of the scale with 2‑week intervals indicated an appropriate stability for the scale (0.89).ConclusionsThe findings showed that the designed questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument for indicating the pregnant womens attitudes to their birth method selection. Also, ATBMS is an easy use questionnaire and contains the most significant factors persuading women to choose vaginal delivery or cesarean section.Keywords: Birth method, cesarean section, Iranian women, selection, questionnaire
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Pages 157-163BackgroundMany articles have studied workplace incivility and its influence on outcomes, but very few have been conducted to assess how to prevent this issue. In this study, we aimed to determine how to prevent workplace incivility from the nurses perspective.Materials And MethodsThis was a qualitative study which was based on a conventional content analysis approach. Thirty four nurses (25 to 52 years old) from seven training hospitals in Tabriz, Iran were selected through purposive sampling. Thirty six semi‑structured interviews and eight field notes were analyzed.ResultsThe data analysis revealed 417 codes, ten categories, three subthemes and one theme, that is, A Need for a Comprehensive Attempt. Attempt of organization, nurses, and public as subthemes are needed to prevent workplace incivility.ConclusionsThe findings of the study indicated that a comprehensive and systematic attempt was needed to prevent incivility. Nurses should try to improve their skills; officials should try to show the real image and position of nurses and hospitals to the community.Keywords: Iran, nurses, qualitative research, violence, workplace
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Pages 164-169BackgroundGender role attitude pertains to individuals attitude toward proper role activities for men and women. Most of the factors relevant to family and society may affect individuals attitudes toward their role. Meanwhile, parents behaviors can act as an important factor in formation of different dimensions of childrens personality. Accordingly, the present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between maltreatment and girls attitudes toward parental and marital roles.Materials And MethodsThis cross‑sectional correlational study was conducted in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2013 with 190 female students as the sample. Participants were selected using the random‑proportional sampling method. A demographic questionnaire, researcher‑made maltreatment questionnaire, and Homamis gender role attitudes questionnaire were used as the data collection instruments. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square, Kruskal Wallis, and MannWhitney tests.ResultsResults indicated that the feminine attitude was the dominant attitude in gender roles. Findings also revealed no significant correlation between the type of gender role attitude in parental role and maltreatment. However, the correlation was meaningful in marital role of sexual and fertility affairs (P = 0.02).ConclusionsResults revealed that participants had traditional female attitudes toward their gender roles in two aspects. First, taking the cultural domination on attitudes into account, that type of attitude is appreciated in which the individual feels relaxed and has an acceptable performance in the society. Furthermore, to promote certain types of attitudes, the entire socio‑cultural and economic dimensions of the society must be taken into account. Family and social policy makings are regarded as starting points for different attitudes toward maltreatment.Keywords: Gender attitude, gender role, gender role attitudes, girls, Iran, maltreatment, marital roles, parental abuse
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Pages 170-171Ensuring the wellbeing of pregnant women and providing them with appropriate care and support for a good outcome has been acknowledged as one of the most important public health priorities of the health sector.[1,2] Even though a wide range of potential risk factors can result in maternal deaths, it has been identified that provision of skilled care during and after the birth of the child can save the lives of thousands of women and newborn child.[1,2]
However, considering the shortage of primary care physicians or obstetricians in the rural settings, midwives and nursing staff have been identified as potential candidates for the delivery of essential care during childbirths.[1] At the same time, these midwives have been assigned the task of offering antenatal care, creating awareness among members of the community regarding the services offered in health facilities, motivate women for institutional delivery, and referring women to higher centers for management of high‑ risk women.[1,3]