مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال هجدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 121، اردیبهشت 1398)

Considering the increase in the rate of high-risk behaviors among students, understanding their high-risk behaviors and identifying factors associated with those behaviors can contribute to university officials in planning regarding behaviors. The aim of the present study was to study the relationship of social health and personality traits with high-risk behaviors among medical students. In this descriptive study, 300 students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2017-18 were selected via the stratified convenience sampling method and voluntarily participated in the study. The research instruments consisted of the researcher-made high-risk behaviors questionnaire, Keyes's Social Well-being Questionnaire, and The NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). Data were analyzed via Pearson’s correlation coefficient and independent t-test. The results indicated that the variables of sex (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.005) and place of residence (p=0.002) had a significant effect on the points of students' high risk behaviors. Also, social health (r=-0.41) had an important reverse correlation with high risk behaviors (p<0.001). Extroversion personality traits (r=0.50) and openness to experience (r=0.52) had a direct significant correlation with high risk behaviors (p<0.001). However, there was a significant reverse relationship between high risk behaviours and the traits of wretchedness (r=-0.36), compatibility (r=-0.47) and conscientiousness (r=-0.49). The research findings indicate that social health and personality traits play important roles in students' high-risk behaviors. Therefore, planning to increase students' social health and increase their knowledge about emotional management, life skills, and mental health can probably play a significant role in reducing their high-risk behaviors.

According to the high prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in college students and the role of psychological inflexibility in a wide range of psychological issues, the present study was conducted aiming at comparing components of psychological inflexibility in students with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and normal students. In this descriptive study, 30 individuals with major depression disorder, 30 individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and 30 individuals with social anxiety disorder were selected through purposive sampling and 30 normal individuals by available sampling method among students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in the 2017-2018 academic year. The required information was collected through demographic characteristics questionnaire and the comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy processes. MANOVA and Scheffe’s test were used to analyze data. The findings of this study showed that normal individuals got significantly lower scores in all components of psychosocial inflexibility (p<0.001). Among the three groups of patients, depressed individuals got significantly higher scores in the cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance component (F=240.37, p<0.001) and patients with generalized anxiety disorder got significantly higher scores in the self-conceptualized and past and future domination component (F=108.76, p<0.001). According to the findings of this study, it seems that the components of psychological inflexibility can be considered as important factors in the psychopathology of individuals with depression and anxiety disorders.

Researches have shown that overweight is associated with an increased risk of eating disorders and consequently, leads to a decreased quality of life.. Therefore, the treatment that targets both overweight and eating disorders is vital. So, This study was designed to determine the effect of dialectical behavior therapy on quality of life in women with overweight and binge eating disorder. In this trial study, the study population consisted of all women diagnosed with obesity, overweight and binge eating disorder in Kashan, Iran in 2015. 60 women were selected through convenience sampling and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 20 sessions dialectical behavior therapy in 10 weeks while the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects in both groups were evaluated for quality of life with WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire before and after intervention. Then data was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The mean and standard deviation of the experimental group was 29.82±7.91 and for the control group  31.47±7.22 (p=0.340). The results of ANCOVA revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of quality of life in posttest (p<0.001). According to the results, it seems that dialectical behavior therapy with changing life style, improving interpersonal relationships, emotion regulation strategies and distress tolerance and mindfulness, can be suggested as an effective and complementary psychological intervention in binge eater in order to improve their quality of life.

Extensive evidence shows that morphine impairs cognitive functions. On the other hand, ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone that affects learning and memory process. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA) injection of ghrelin on morphine-induced amnesia in male rats. In this experimental study, 104 male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were randomly divided into 13 groups (n=8 for all groups) including: saline, morphine treated groups (0.5-7.5 mg/kg), ghrelin treatd groups (0-3 nmol/μl) plus morphine (7.5 mg/kg) or saline. Memory was measured in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance apparatus. All groups received intra-ventral tegmental area (intra-VTA) injection of saline or ghrelin immediately after training. After 5 mins saline or morphine was injected subcutaneously. Testing phase was done 24 hrs after training. Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. The results showed that post-training administration of morphine significantly reduced step-through latency compared with the saline group (p<0.001). Intra-VTA injection of ghrelin also reduced morphine-induced amnesia (7.5 mg/kg) (p< 0.001). Ghrelin plus saline administration had no significant effect on memory retrieval (p>0.05). The results indicate that intra-VTA injction of ghrelin prevents the disrupting effects of morphine on avoidance memory.
Key words: Ghrelin, Inhibitory avoidance learning, Male rat, Morphine, Ventral tegmentum area
Funding: This study was funded by University of Arak.                             
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved the study. (1397.139).
How to cite this article: Nazari-serenjeh F, Darbandi N, Yadegary A, Momeni HR. The Effect of Intra-ventral Tegmental Area Injection of Ghrelin on Morphine-Induced Amnesia in Male Rats: An Experimental Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (2): 147-60. [Farsi]

Finding the relationship between the joints range of motion and swimming time is important, so the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the joints range of motion and time of 50, 100 and 200m breaststroke swimming in 12-13 years elite swimmer boys. In this descriptive study, subjects were selected from 111 elite swimmers, 12-13 years old, participated in the national championship of the country selection in 2016 in Tehran, 31 participants in 50m breaststroke, 29 participants in 100m breaststroke and 23 participants in 200m breaststroke. Joints range of motion was measured by Rydkov questionnaires. Pearson᾽s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the variables. There was a significant negative relationship between shoulder hyperextension and time (r=-0.390, p=0.030) in 50m breaststroke. There was a significant negative relationship between ankle plantar flexion and time (r=-0.384, p=0.040) in 100m breaststroke. There were significant negative relationships between neck flexion and time (r=-0.446, p=0.033) and shoulder hyperextension and time (r=-0.467, p=0.025); whereas there was a significant positive relationship between hip flexion and time (r=0.414, p=0.049) in 200m breaststroke. There was no significant difference between 50, 100 and 200m breaststroke swimming (p>0.05). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the joints range of motion and 50, 100 and 200m breaststroke time. So, it is recommended that coaches pay attention to the studies in this field for choosing swimmers at the early teens to save time and money through  proper choice and substitution of talented swimmers and gain more success in reaching the peak of athletic performance.

Currently infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus have increased and raised antibiotic resistant isolates. Therefore, lots of studies have been done to introduce novel anti-S.aureus compounds especially natural originated constitutes. Hence, this study aimed to determine bioinformatics screening of novel inhibitors of antibiotic resistance-associated proteins in S.aureus from medicinal plants. Firstly, in this descriptive study, three-dimension structure of a set of phytochemicals from three medicinal plants including Ferulago angulat, Scrophularia striata, Laurus nobilis were retrieved from PubChem database. Then, three-dimension structure of four antibiotic resistance-associated proteins including β-lactamase, penicillin binding protein 2A (PBP2a), Vancomycin A (VanA) and D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptidase (VanX) were obtained from Protein Data Bank. Finally, the ability of the selected phytocompounds for inhibition of the mentioned antibiotic resistance-associated proteins was investigated using molecular docking method by iGemdock 2.1 software. The results showed that most of the tested compounds had appropriate interaction to all the studied proteins especially to VanX. The results also revealed that Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Palmitic acid had strongest interactions to all the tested proteins. The results of this study showed that Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Palmitic acid found in the surveyed medicinal plants are good candidates for more in vitro and in vivo studies about anti-bacterial activity against antibiotic resistant S. aureus.

Since Yellow Horned Poppy (Glaucium flavum) has antioxidative effects, this study was conducted to determine its effect on some antioxidative enzymes of liver and kidney in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 including: control, Diabetic, Diabetic treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, and Diabetic treated with 5 µg/kg of Glibenclamide. Oral administration of the extract continued for one month after diabetes induction. At the end, the activity levels of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) were determined. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. In the liver and kidney tissues, CAT and GPX activity in the Diabetic+250 group had a significant difference with the Diabetic group (p=0.001). Regarding the results, Yellow Horned Poppy extract can increase the activity of liver and kidney oxidoreductase enzymes in diabetic rats.

Small groups that optimally consist of 8 to 12 members bring about extraordinary opportunities for teaching and learning. Almost all researchers in this area believe that an experienced group facilitator is amongst the most important prerequisites for achieving the desired outcomes. The aim of the current study therefore is to introduce some of the most important guidelines that help a group facilitator to carry out his job successfully.