فهرست مطالب

Hepatitis - Volume:16 Issue: 12, Dec 2016

Hepatitis Monthly
Volume:16 Issue: 12, Dec 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/10/19
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Paul Carrier*, Marilyne Debette, Gratien, Murielle Girard, JÉrÉmie Jacques, Philippe Nubukpo, VÉronique Loustaud, Ratti Page 1
    Patients with psychiatric disorders are usually more exposed to multiple somatic illnesses, including liver diseases. Specific links are established between psychiatric disorders and alcohol hepatitis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in the population as a whole, and specifically in drug abusers. Metabolic syndrome criteria, and associated steatosis or non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) are frequent in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders under psychotropic drugs, and should be screened. Some psychiatric medications, such as neuroleptics, mood stabilizers, and a few antidepressants, are often associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In patients with advanced chronic liver diseases, the prescription of some specific psychiatric treatments should be avoided. Psychiatric disorders can be a limiting factor in the decision-making and following up for liver transplantation..
    Keywords: Viral Hepatitis, Non, Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Mental Disorders, Hepatotoxicity
  • Khashayar Hesamizadeh, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Azar Najafi Tireh Shabankareh, Heidar Sharafi * Page 2
    Context: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity and classified into 7 genotypes and different subtypes. It heterogeneously distributed through various risk groups and geographical regions. A well-established phylogenetic relationship can simplify the tracing of HCV hierarchical strata into geographical regions. The current study aimed to find genetic phylogeny of subtypes 1a and 1b of HCV isolates based on NS5B nucleotide sequences in Iran and other members of Eastern Mediterranean regional office of world health organization, as well as other Middle Eastern countries, with a systematic review of available published and unpublished studies..
    Evidence Acquisition: The phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the nucleotide sequences of NS5B gene of HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1), which were registered in the GenBank database. The literature review was performed in two steps: 1) searching studies evaluating the NS5B sequences of HCV-1, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and 2) Searching sequences of unpublished studies registered in the GenBank database..
    Results
    In this study, 442 sequences from HCV-1a and 232 from HCV-1b underwent phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of all sequences revealed different clusters in the phylogenetic trees. The results showed that the proportion of HCV-1a and -1b isolates from Iranian patients probably originated from domestic sources. Moreover, the HCV-1b isolates from Iranian patients may have similarities with the European ones..
    Conclusions
    In this study, phylogenetic reconstruction of HCV-1 sequences clearly indicated for molecular tracing and ancestral relationships of the HCV genotypes in Iran, and showed the likelihood of domestic origin for HCV-1a and various origin for HCV-1b..
    Keywords: Hepatitis C, NS5B, Sequence Analysis, Phylogeny, Iran, Middle East
  • Mohammad Khajedaluee, Ali Babaei, Rosita Vakili, Narges Valizade, Fateme Homaei Shandiz, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Mohsen Seyed Nozadi, Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri, Tahereh Hassannia * Page 3
    Background
    Prisoners are at high risk of blood borne and sexually transmitted infections due to their high involvement in risky behaviors. In this descriptive/cross-sectional study, the prevalence, sero-prevalence, and risk factors for bloodborne tumor viruses including HTLV-I, HBV, HCV, and KSHV were evaluated among inmates of two central prisons in the northeast of Iran..
    Methods
    Blood samples of 1114 inmates were analyzed for the presence of anti HTLV-I, KSHV, and HCV antibodies and HBsAg by ELISA. PCR tests were performed to confirm the presence of these viruses in plasma and identify the current infections..
    Results
    The sero-prevalence of HCV, HBV, HTLV-I, and KSHV was 24.5%, 4.2%, 3.4%, and 3.2% and the prevalence of HCV, HBV, HTLV-I, and KSHV was 19.1%, 2.1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. HCV infection was significantly associated with history of imprisonment, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, intravenous drug use, length of imprisonment, and type of crime committed. Thirty one (2.8%) prisoners had HCV-KSHV co-infection, 16 (1.5%) had HCV-HTLV-I co-infection, and 14 (1.3%) had HBV-HCV co-infection. Triple co-infection was observed in seven cases and one case had four infections concomitantly..
    Conclusions
    This epidemiological study indicated different rates and transmission risks for these viruses. HCV was the most contagious viral infection and HTLV-I was the weakest in the prisoners. Apart from KSHV infection which its prevalence was as twice as in the general population, the prevalence of HBV and HTLV-I in prisoners was nearly in ranges of the general population..
    Keywords: Epidemiology_Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)_Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)_Human T_Cell Leukemia Virus Type I (HTLV_I)_Kaposi's Sarcoma_Associated Herpes Virus (KSHV)_Prison
  • Laleh Akbarzadeh, Bita Geramizadeh*, Kurosh Kazemi, Saman Nikeghbalian, Seyedali Malekhosseini Page 4
    Background
    Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) as one of the most common chronic cholestatic liver diseases is a main predisposing factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is defined as precancerous bile duct epithelial changes, which can be eventually led to cholangiocarcinoma. There are very few studies about the frequency of BilIN in the patients with PSC and its correlation with paraclinical findings..
    Objectives
    In this study, we tried to find the frequency of BilIN in the patients with PSC and correlate its presence with clinicopathologic factors..
    Methods
    During two years (2014 - 15) of investigation, 80 explanted livers with the confirmed diagnosis of PSC were studied through precise inspection and thorough sectioning of the explanted livers. These findings were correlated with paraclinical findings to identify any predictor of these neoplastic epithelial changes..
    Results
    During the study period of 2 years, among 80 livers with confirmed diagnosis of PSC, there were 43 cases with different types of metaplasia. The frequency of epithelial changes was as below: 29 (35%) for pyloric metaplasia, 9 (10.8%) for mucinous metaplasia, 3 (3.6%) for intestinal metaplasia, 1 (1.2%) for osteoid metaplasia, and 1 (1.2%) for squamous metaplasia. There was no epithelial dysplasia in the study sample; however, according to the most recent reports, mucinous metaplasia is considered as BilIN 1; therefore, there would be 9 cases of BilIN I. There has been no statistically significant difference between PSC cases and those with BilIN in demographic variables, except for bilirubin and CA19-9 which were higher in the PSC cases with BilIN..
    Conclusions
    This study showed that the frequency of BilIN was low among Iranian patients with PSC. High bilirubin and CA19-9 can be predictors of the development of bile duct epithelial changes in patients with PSC..
    Keywords: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, BilIN (Bile Duct Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
  • Sharareh Kamfar, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Massoud Houshmand, Reza Yadegarazari, Bahram Seifi Zarei, Alireza Khalaj, Noshin Shabab, Massoud Saidijam* Page 5
    Background
    There is growing evidence that deficiencies observed in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that genetic variations in mtDNA could affect the mitochondrial function and contribute to the NAFLD susceptibility..
    Objectives
    In this study, the possible association of the mtDNA copy number and 4,977-bp deletion levels with NAFLD susceptibility in a sample of Iranian population was evaluated..
    Methods
    This case-control study included 43 NAFLD patients and 20 control subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh liver tissue samples by using a DNA isolation kit. The mtDNA copy number and mtDNA deletion levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR..
    Results
    The relative expression of mtDNA copy number was 3.7 fold higher in NAFLD patients than healthy controls (P
    Conclusions
    This study indicated an association between mtDNA content in the liver tissue and NAFLD susceptibility that may be a consequence of compensatory response to the cumulative exposures to oxidative damage..
    Keywords: Non, Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Mitochondrial DNA, Copy Number Variations
  • Luca Rinaldi, Giovanna Valente, Guido Piai * Page 6
    Background
    Liver transplanted patients need close surveillance for early signs of graft disease..
    Objectives
    Transient elastography can safely be repeated over time, offering serial liver stiffness measurement values. Serial stiffness measurements were compared to single baseline stiffness measurements in predicting the appearance of liver-related clinical events and guiding subsequent clinical decisions..
    Methods
    One hundred and sixty liver transplanted patients were observed for three years in our real-life practice..
    Results
    Liver stiffness measurements were stable in 75% of patients, decreased in 4% of patients, and increased in 21% of patients. The pattern of increased stiffness measurements was associated with both HCV-RNA positive status and the presence of an active biliary complication of liver transplantation and was more predictive of a clinically significant event resulting from any disease of the transplanted liver when compared to a stable pattern or to a single liver stiffness measurement. The procedures that were consequently performed were often diagnostic for unexpected situations, both in HCV-RNA positive and HCV-RNA negative patients..
    Conclusions
    The pattern of longitudinally increased liver stiffness measurements efficiently supported clinical decisions for individualized management strategies. Repeated transient elastography in real-life clinical practice appears to have a practical role in monitoring liver transplanted patients..
    Keywords: Liver Biopsy, Transient Elastography, Liver Fibrosis, Liver Stiffness, Transplantation
  • Fatemeh Afsharzadeh, Farah Bokharaei, Salim *, Maryam Esghaei, Seyed Hamidreza Monavari, Shahin Merat, Hossein Poustchi, Arghavan Haj, Sheykholeslami, Hossein Keyvani * Page 7
    Background
    Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with extra hepatic autoimmune disorders, while peg-IFNa-2a/RBV combination therapy may exacerbate these conditions. Autoantibodies to cytoplasmic structures, called rod and ring particles (RR), have strong associations with these patients and are identified by HEp-2 cells..
    Objectives
    Our purpose was to study the correlation of autoantibodies to cytoplasmic rod and ring particles in the serum of patients with chronic HCV infection with their response to standard therapy..
    Methods
    Serum samples were gathered from 120 patients with HCV infection (40 naive treatments, 40 with sustained virological response (SVR), and 40 with relapse response) during peg-IFNa-2a/RBV combination therapy and analyzed for the presence of RR antibodies by IIF on commercially available HEp-2 cell substrate slides from Euroimmun (Lu beck, Germany)..
    Results
    Anti-rod and ring (anti-RR) autoantibodies were detected in only the serum of 1 out of 120 patients (0.8%), which belonged to a patient (out of 40) with relapse response (2.5%). No correlation was found between the types of response to peg-IFNa-2a/RBV combination therapy and the presence of anti-RR autoantibodies..
    Conclusions
    The only HCV patient with RR autoantibodies previously had received IFN/ribavirin antiviral therapy. The presence of these autoantibodies is extremely rare in Iranian HCV patients. Further studies are warranted to determine the role of genetic background and geographical pattern in the prevalence of these novel autoantibodies worldwide..
    Keywords: Hepatitis C Virus_Autoantibodies_Rod_Ring Particles