پژوهشنامه علوم سیاسی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، زمستان 1394)

As an applied study, the current survey has investigated the factors influencing political brand choice by voters. 560 questionnaires were distributed among those who had decided to attend in 11th Iranian presidential election in three large cities including Tehran, Shiraz and Rasht. Face validity approach was used to test the validity. For testing the reliability of the questionnaires, Alpha Cronbach (79%) was applied. Findings showed that the most important factor influencing the choice of president brand possesses some characteristics including law-abiding, acceptance of criticism, seeking consultancy, and speech in public and holding some face to face meetings with people. Also other findings revealed that in the view point of the largest cluster of voters, variables such as well understanding of people needs, expertise, power of utterance and the ability to speech has the highest importance and attributes like as candidate appearance (cloths, face and body physics), candidate party and having a distinctive symbol or slogan has the lowest importance in choosing president brand.

Liberalism is one of the most frequent terms of modern political thought. Various words have been used as the equivalent of ‘liberalism’ in Farsi translation, including: Azadehgari, Azadmaneshgari, Azaditalabi, Azadegi, Azadikhahi, Azadigarayi, Azadijuyi, Azadmaneshi, Etedalgeravi, Azadehgeravi and Ebahehgari. The triumph of the Islamic Revolution caused sympathy and empathy towards liberalism. The aim of the article is to show the point that various translations of liberalism in Farsi language represent ideological beliefs and ideological translation is one of manipulated translations.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of university on improvement of students’ political education components. The components are political knowledge, political attitude, political skills and political behavior. The population was undergraduates and graduates students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. A total of 321 students were selected for collecting data. The tool was the researcher made questionnaire titled “Measurement of Students’ Political Education Components”. The reliability of instrument tested with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) and revealed 0.98 for all of questionnaire. Results show that in students’ points of view, utmost of university impacts are on improvement of liberal thoughts, equality, political knowledge and information, attitude towards nation– government relations, tendency to obeying law, competency of political decision-making, thinking on political issues, national commitment and respect to public expectations. Also, in students’ points of view, least of university impacts are on improvement of students’ critical literacy towards national political issues, motivation for more political engagement and apperception of political competition, improvement of political learning and political behavior of groups that they are members of them.

After creation of nation-state and establishment of national sovereignty, conscription became one of the main ways of providing human resources for modern armies and the male citizen were obliged to serve in the military forces as a national duty. In Iran, from 1926 on, conscription have been enforced and the number of educated people have been increased in recent years so that by increasing the number of universities and the capacity for admitting students in general, the ration of educated people in conscripted soldiers will reach 90 percent in the end of 2010s. The issue of military service as one of the main concerns for students has made their attitude towards conscription an important topic. The findings show that the students in general, want the reduction in the military service time and instruction period, increase in facilities and considering different kinds of alternative services. They are dissatisfied with the existing system of conscription because of their academic field, statute during military service, the laws of conscription, and they want the reduction of military service time corresponding to their education level. But while the conscription is related to the existing policy and structure of providing human resources for military forces and national security, it should be adjusted to student's demands and national strategy and considerations on the one hand, and the related institutions should adopt a more innovative and active role in managing necessary reforms and responding student's demands.

Aim of research: The aim of this experimental research is to explore the barriers to applying political science from Kerman province executive managers and public administration authoritie's perspective.
Research The research method is the grounded qualitative method of Anslem Strauss and Juliet Korbyne. The population includes executive managers, public administration authorities of Kerman province. The sampling method has been theoretically open and targeted manner by selecting clear and prominent cases for reaching the representation. The method of collecting data has been field research through interview and analyzing the data was done by Atlas IR software. The interview questions were initially compiled by using previous studies and changed during interview. In sum 6 questions were asked from 35 provincial managers during 5 months.
Findings: The findings show that there are 6 categories with 29 concepts regarding the barriers of applying political science and these categories include: politics, culture, organization, method, human force, communication.
The results indicate that among the six explored components, politics is the most determinant component and interaction is the most determined one. But other barriers such as culture, organization, method and human force are at the middle of the spectrum in terms of importance and they are regarded as the most affecting factors. Consequently solving the problems of applying political science requires trust-building between science and politics as institutions, independence of the institution of science, and internalization of application.

Space is in connection with power and its microphysics. Inspired by Michel Foucault's theory, we can say that space finds relationship with power signs such as relation, resistance, knowledge and freedom. From this perspective, power is producer and pluralistic. Power is applied as various microphysics and both is visible and subtle. University has several signs in terms of software and hardware such as bureaucratic structure, scientific authority, and architecture in connect with power. This space acts as flows related to production of knowledge/power. And it is searchable with signs such as the extent of physical space, architecture and available discourses in the organization. So, microphysics of power at university exhibit itself relying on the importance of knowledge/power, ideology and available bureaucracies. The present study checks following universities: Tehran University, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Shahed University, and Science and Research University. Despite the similarities and differences, these universities own space as power flows. The applied method is field research done via observation and interviews.

Almost two decades after the triumph of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, a group of elites who adopted a democratic orientation towards the ruling political system, started their theoretical and practical attempts. These elites known as reformists and their thought known as reformism caused an important development in the sociopolitical history of the Islamic Republic but the realization of their goals was challenged. Frustration in reforms and transition to democracy marginalized these elites who had gained political power in a tremendous way. The main aim of this article is to criticize and examine from inside the performance of reformist current in the structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this direction, the authors have used the method of interview with some reformist statesmen and thinkers. On this basis, given the nature of the subject, the author has used the theories of transition to democracy within the elitist theories of ODonnell and Schmitter for analyzing and explaining the case and the strategy of interaction and compromise. The findings show that the reformists could not maintain the realistic and moderate path and could not establish a suitable interaction with the opponents and social body, therefore after frustration in consensus and compromise gradually lost the social trust and faced social decline. these events culminated in violence and sociopolitical instability, widespread outgoing of reformists from power circle and the closure of social and political sphere, at least until 2013, which was against the reformist goals.