نشریه راهبرد توسعه
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 48، زمستان 1395)

Given the importance of understanding the nature of development and abundant advantages of this understanding, in this text, nature of development or in other words, concept of development are reviewed. For this research, we first dealt with statement of problem and considered development concept a rectangle where following triple cases form sides of the rectangle: Development process along the period, definitions of development and its goals and choosing one general goal include a set of objectives. In principle it can be said without the cases expressed, there is no possibility of the development. In order to express the first side, an examination of the evolution of development over time, approach development from 1950 to 2000 in terms of Willis (2005) state and how to change the approach from forms of economic, social and macro and top-down to forms cultural, popular and participation (from bottom to top) and micro were all explained. As for definitions of development we referred to comments of experts and expressed various development definitions of many scientists. It is evident that the definitions available in are similar in many cases and the segregation of them is little in many cases. Finally, in order to review the last sidedevelopment goals- first we dealt with goals of millennium development and with much explanation we concluded that improving life quality is the most complete development goal which includes a set of other goals. After expressing cases mentioned, we drew a triangle-expressing development concept and the concept is explained within framework of one general definition. In conclusion, the entries expressed were collected in general and we explained the definitions and expressed the most important criteria. It should be noted that in this study we sought to fit the theme and used documentary and library methods.

Based on the nature of Islamic Revolution, Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran has given a special magnitude for dignity in its valuably concept, insofar as we can say: In comparison with other countries’ Constitution, It is a “valued” Constitution ; Thus the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran Is built on the dignity made by religious beliefs and its purpose is to develop an appropriate circumstances for flourishing talents and positive forces in human nature in order to approaching God; because the public demand of the people of Iran was to codify Constitution based on the Islamic criteria and also human dignity is one of the undeniable principle of Islam , but the main question is : to what extent the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran which is an expression of fundamental rights of the nation of Iran is committed to ensuring and considering the human dignity? In the opinion of the author, Inherent dignity as basis of human dignity is adopted as a rule of fundamental rights in the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran and has been expressed in a number of its principles.

One of the most new concepts in Social Sciences is “Quality of Life”. We can say that this idea is always fallowing two notable goals; first one is to define and redefine the ideal situation for humans to live and the second is to qualify the existing situation in order to show a path to change the condition from what it is to what it should be. Lots of theorists related to this field and so lots of prophesy! This research tries to state a multi-lateral definition of Q.O.L by accumulating different points of view about the context, and somehow to reach a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is a process which expands the frontiers of knowledge by summing up the results of various researches and achieving a new perspective. The first step in this process is to collect important information sources. Second is to extract the indicators, combine the data and prepare it to decompose in the next session. Third step is to assort the data and redefine the concept of “Quality of Life”. As the last step, there is a critique of indicators considering Maslow Hierarchy. All these steps is what has been traversed in this research and the result was that interestingly, the repetition of indicators found in various categories defined by different thoughtful coincides with the assortment of hierarchy of needs described by Maslow -More the grade goes up, less the repetition is seen. Probably this coincidence is also showing the parallax of their emphasis.

The women as half of population of countries have a decisive role of producing and social working and they have important role in economic and producing activities. The goal of recent researches are survey effect of women's participation agronomy part as an improve family’s economy and recognizing of effective factors on communion them in agronomy part of Barzok. This research is a kind of descriptive- analytical researches and the given information gathering from asking question from rural women. This statistic society contain on 6300women that are active in agronomy part in that region. In this research use 320 rural women as a contact of sample with using Cochran formula meaningful Sample. Using of coefficient Cronbach's alpha nomination perpetuity questionnaire that quantity of this is 71/5. Description and data analysis of via SPSS software, using one variable t test and spearman correlation coefficient and binomial style for testing hypothesis. The results of research show that exist meaningful household dimension and education rate with improve family economy. Also rural women activities has an effective role in local constant development this respect in local's responsible opinion by attention, three parts such as education rural women, protection of them economics activities and organization rural women cooperative are under of supervision and according to this education of rural women with 3/60 average has a maximum amount between the option.

The main goal of this paper is to survey the rate of effectiveness of value added of industry on Gini coefficient as an indicator of income distribution in Iran. The results of estimation model at the method of normal least squares in the period of 1363-1390 show that the value added of industrial workshops including 10 negative and significant working on Gini coefficient as an indicator of income distribution in Iran.

Spatial disparities in income distribution, health services, educational and poverty indexes have created economical and political challenges for governments in many of the developing countries. Spatial disparities basically resulted from two aspects. The first aspect is physical situation of geographical region and the second is decisions of policy maker and economical planers, while technology progress has significantly decreased the first aspect. The role of second factor has increasingly remained as an important factor. Therefore policy maker's and planers decisions have significant role on the creation of regional disparities. Accordingly, this study was done to analyze and assess the level of regional disparities in the Sistan and Baluchestan province based on the 29 selected indexes. Therefore, In the first step, 29 selected indexes (socio- economic, health, educational and infrastructural) were derived from public census of population and housing in 1390 and the second step analyzed codition of county using the Vikor, PCA, Z- Score and Morris methods. The result showed that exception of Morris method in other three methods, Zahedan and Zabol county are developed and in four methods; Zaboli, Delgan and Sarbaz are location in lower rank.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of industry in different historical periods in Iran. Based on the findings, before the industrial revolution, Iran in Safavids dynasty had taken great strides, especially in the textile industry but during the Afsharid and Zand, there was no improvement in the industrial activities in Iran. During the Qajar era that the efficiency of the Britain's industrial economy had been apparent different countries were looking to replicate the experience in England, Some measures for expansion of various fields of industry occurred. But Iran had no a clear policy for industrialization and a negligible amount of the gross domestic product was obtained by industrial activities. In the Pahlavi period, the first real steps for industrialization of Iran were taken and substantial investments in the industrial sector took place. This trend continued during the Islamic Republic and the share of industry in GDP and employment, significantly increased. But the industry in two recent periods is consumer, dependent on oil incomes and the lack of competitiveness in the international arena.

Tourism development impacts on communities are generally categorized into three main subdivisions of economic, socio-cultural and environmental. The present paper brings the socio-cultural impacts into discussion with the case study of Birjand city, Iran. The data collected by self-reported questionnaires are analyzed using one-sample T-test. According to the results, tourism development in the city brings about both negative and positive socio-cultural impacts. Among the strategies to control and reduce the negative impacts are attracting more local people to involve in tourism activities, training local people for effective communications with tourists, and providing tourists with more information regarding the city and its community.

Spending has been encountered as a way of eliminating unfair class distinctions, due to social injustices in Islam and has been faded these distinctions among different classes. Devotion culture development , as the most sensible form of benefaction, spending, charity, cooperation and etc., is one of the most significant factors in destructing wealth aggregation in part of a society and create a proper basis for moral and divine values growth, in form of justly distribution of wealth. In this paper by studying the position of devotion in Islamic resources, ones which caused educationpromotion, particularly in graduated levels of universities, has been considered. This issue has been estimated by taking benefit of panel data model and bootstrap approach for calculating model’s standard error, during 1382 – 1390, and results indicate the significant and positive effect of religious expenditures, as an indicator of spending, on education promotion in our model. The outcome of this research is an attempt in order to reduce social damages through spending encouragement and enhancing people awareness in absence of spending consequences in an Islamic society.

The purpose of this study was Assess the willingness of the unemployed to undertake cooperative activities and Factors affecting in the city of Shiraz. The Statistical population was jobseekers that referred to job centers in Shiraz city due to time and budget, among them 70 people selected as sample and the data were collected by using a questionnaire. Data were collected with interviews and proportional stratified sampling. The data were analyzed by SPSS, The questionnaire was reviewed by experts to determine its validity. After that some minor changes was implemented in the questionnaire. The Cronbach Coefficient Alpha was determined between 0.72 and 0.81 which is an indication of reliability of instrument. Results of descriptive statistics show that the age mean of the sample group was 29.5 years. 64.3% of the subjects were single and 35.7 percent were married. 55 percent were male and 45 percent were women. The lowest frequency belonged to individuals with a bachelor's degree and the most frequent are those with a bachelor's degree. The results of Analytical statistics show that there is a significant relationship between age, level of education, knowledge and attitude toward cooperation with their desire to cooperative activities. The results of multiple regressions showed that education level, main influential factors on tendency of respondents to the cooperative's activities.