فصلنامه انتظار موعود
سال هجدهم شماره 60 (بهار 1397)

The issue of “the necessity of the existence of Divine Proof at all times” is one of the most important Quranic teachings. This paper, with a descriptive-analytic method, has proved the necessity of the existence of the Divine Proof based on the beginning verses of Surah al-Dukhan. These verses have introduced the “annual resolution of affairs” on the Night of Ordainment as one of the Divine affairs. The position and the state of the role of Divine Proof in the process of realization of this tradition is the main issue of this research. The answer to this question, in addition to proving the existence of the Divine Proof, determines his real role on the Night of Ordainment. Based on the research findings, the Divine Proof plays the subjective role in the process of resolution sunnah and extracts the Divine Orders in their brevity and puts them in their detailed form. Therefore, the presence of the Divine Proof is needed at any time; because the consistency of resolution sunnah and its effectiveness is subject to the permanent presence of the Divine Proof.

The tradition “یخرج‏ ناس‏ من المشرق فیوطئون للمهدی” (there are people (probably Iranians) who rise from the East and prepare the ground for Mahdi’s governance), in the past years, has been used enormously in the discussions of preparation of the ground for the appearance in general and in scientific papers in particular. The abundance of using this narrative and the analyzes and comparisons carried out has doubled the necessity of the evaluation of this tradition. The first time, Ibn Majeh Qazvini (M/273 AH), in the book of “The Sunnah” has considered this tradition to be the words of the Holy Prophet (PBUH); however, no one considered this tradition to be valid until it was inserted in the Shia tradition sources through the book of “Kashf al-Ghameh” of Arbali (M/692 AH). This paper, organized with a descriptive-analytic-critical method, is an attempt to answer this question that how valid the tradition of «یوطئون للمهدی» is. Regarding the nascency of the tradition in the mental atmosphere of the Sunnis and their interest in the government of Imam Mahdi (AS), and not the appearance itself, this tradition points to the assistance in establishing the government and is not related to the preparation of the ground for the appearance of Imam Mahdi (AS).

The “ideal society” has long been talked about in different cultures and religions. The realization of an ideal society requires a prelude, the most important of which is to change the attitudes of people in society. According to the Quranic culture, the attitudes of people can be examined in the two forms of “worldly multiplicities” and “Heavenly Abundance”. The proud exploiters and materialists have “worldly multiplicities” attitude toward the world, and consider all its credibility only as their own and seek to increase their dominance over others in order to realize their pluralism. On the other hand, people with the “Heavenly Abundance” attitude, give the originality to the life in the Hereafter. This attitude makes people seek to expand religious culture in addition to self-improvement. In the Shia Islamic culture, this approach is called “awaiting appearance” which is among the best deeds; because, this approach has the capacity and capability to create a positive and idealistic attitude in the society and lead the people of the society towards the realization of the Mahdavi community. This research, which is a library-based one, uses the narrative method towards revelation, and rational-analytic method. In this paper, the most necessary axis of this change has been addressed.

In the early days of the Safavid government, there was a favorable ground for the claim of deputyship of the Imam of the Time for the Safavid kings. Some Western scholars studying the Safavid, having learned about these conditions and ideals of the Safavid kings to realize the establishment of the Shi’a religion, have suggested that the Safavid kings have claimed to be the deputy of the Imam of the Time for their own government. By examining the various factors influencing the arguments of these researchers, the incorrectness of this theory is proven. In this research, it has been attempted to present a proper and correct image of the beliefs and claims of the Safavid kings in relation to the issue of Mahdism and the type of relationship between the Safavid and Imam Mahdi’s government.

By looking at the works of Shakyism, especially the works of its main founders (Sheikh Ahmad Ehsaee and Seyyed Kazim Rashti), traces of exaggeration by them in the five principles of religion can be seen, which have become a favorable platform for their other beliefs. This paper with a library method, after reviewing the status of pure Imams in the works of Sheikh Ahmad Ehsaee and Seyyed Kazem Rashti, using the Holy Qur’an and the authentic works on the Imams’ traditions and proving the veracity of attribution of exaggeration of these two Shaikhism leaders, seeks to criticize their claim and prove that not only is the creation the exclusive attribute of God, but also the pure Imams have never considered themselves as the creator. Moreover, they have introduced themselves as the humble servants of God to people by avoiding the believers in the Lordship (Robubi’yat) and creatorship (khaleghiyat) of people except God.

The flow of “Ahmad al-Hasan Basri” is one of the dangerous movements in the subject of Mahdism. While referring to the dream and sortes is Ahmad al-Hasan Basri’s common ground with some of the other claimants; providing new analysis of traditions and special principles in the approach to narrations has distinguished him from others. In recent years, the promotional activities of this flow, whether in the virtual world of Paltalk and various websites or in the form of face-to-face talk, have increased. Ahmad al-Hasan Basri’s reference to some of the common hadith approaches among some of the hadithists as well as his adaptation to the circumstances and events of the day, according to the special timing are his other characteristics. Ahmad al-Hasan Basri, who claims to be the first Mahdi and the promised Yamani, considers himself to have Divine knowledge like the Imams and be immune from any mistake or fault. The following paper, with a descriptive-analytic-critic approach, examines the Quranic mistakes of Ahmad al-Hasan with an emphasis on conflicting adaptations with the rational and transmitted reasons.