فهرست مطالب

اقتصاد و جامعه - پیاپی 30 (پاییز 1395)

نشریه اقتصاد و جامعه
پیاپی 30 (پاییز 1395)

  • بهای روی جلد: 125,000ريال
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/09/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mohammadgholi Yousefi Page 11
    Economic Science are doubtlessly undergoing Fundamental Changes. Not only its Basic Concepts have been subject to serious criticism but also because of its Mixture with Mathematics, has lost its identity. Although it appears that it has followed Physical science using intensive mathematics and simulations, it nevertheless, violate the thermodynamic laws. It is therefore unscientific. On the other hand, instead of probing into the real world problems and try to design appropriate models for real world, it tries to forge the real world problems into their models leaving aside the important factors not quantifiable leading to disappointing results. On this bases it is also unrealistic. In fact economic pedagogy has increasingly been distanced from real world problems and has become an amusement or a thought experiment. On the other hand relaying on simple mathematical model to explain and predict the complex human behaviors Led to disappointing results making economic models unreliable and economics an unapplied science.
    Keywords: Neoclassical Economics, Conservation Laws, thermodynamic laws, Real world phenomena
  • Reza Mazhari, Mohsen Mohamadi Khayreh Page 81
    While there has been many cases for and against Structural Adjustment Programme we found, however, that Less attention being paid to its political economic aspect.In this paper we show that many of present political economy challenges that country of Iran is facing such as growth, redidtribution and democracy, have their roots in structural adjustment programme.This, ofcourse, has been facilitated by the nature of the then governments during 1989-2017.After discussing this subject, we shall analyse the financial liberalisation followed.In the third sectioin, the trickle down effects of the programme would be discussed. We shall look at the the impact that this programme had on labour through labour laws and regulations in section four and finally , in section five, we shall conclude our study.
    Keywords: Structural Adlustment Programme, Financial Liberalisation, Trickle down effects, Financial Repression
  • Farshad Momeni, Shima Haji Nowroozi Page 105
    Basing our study in line with new dependence theories and reviewing literature on foreign investment, this paper challenges the generally held view about the advantages of foreign investment. Supporter of foreign investment advancing their argument by considering foreign investment as a mechanism of filling the savings and technological gaps. In this paper we show that these objectives would not be fulfilled without institutional preconditions. The advantages often advanced for foreign investment such as its spillover effects and linkages would not be realized without appropriate absorptive capacity of the host country. We believe that without appropriate institutions foreign investment would not meet the objectives, rather it may result in capital flight and exclusive privilege for foreign investors and multinational companies without having development impact on the host developing countries. It may even deepen their dependency on other countries. Iran being an oil exporter has been endowed with huge amount of oil revenues was able to overcome shortages of savings and capital considered to be the main constraint hindering development of underdeveloped countries but has not been able to diversify its economy and advance the country to join the development camp. Thus the experience of Iran once again show that without appropriate institutional infrastructure, the available domestic capital has not been converted into productive Investment. Thus when a country is not able to utilize its own capital for investment, logically it is difficult to believe that it would be be able to utilize foreign capital appropriately specially when there is weak bases of technology and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights.
    Keywords: Foreign Investment, Developing Countries, Spillover, Absorptive Capacity, Linkages
  • Sayed Mohammad Bagher Najafi, Farzaneh Samadian, Saeideh Ahmadi Page 149
    Human health has been confronted by new challenges coming from Production and consumption of Transgenetic products .While utilization of transgenic seeds in production increases production and food security and reduces the consumption of fertilisers and chemical products which are hazardous for human health , nevertheless entrance of these products in human food chain has created many anxities .People are worried about the possible danger coming from the consumption of these products such as irritations, resistence against antibiotics ,desustrous environmental effects, and horizontal gen transmisions. Thus utilisation of transgenetic products threaten life and health of present and future generation of our population and security order in west Asia. unfavourable health beffects .We believe that while the predecessors and the main players in plant bearing of these products in America continent (USA, Argentina, Brazil, and Canada) are still active,China is emerging as a dominant exporter of these products .In this regards multinational companies are playing a leading role,while enjoying monopoly priviledges, can increase dependency of Iran and west Asian countries on imports of agricultural products and negetively affecting food security and creating an irreversible and dangerous conditions threatening regional security. Thus it is desirable that the countries in the region cooperate to design appropriate common transgenic policies and create necessary institutional infrastructure for production and to safeguard consumer rights .
    Keywords: Transgenic Products, political Economy, West Asia
  • Ali Nikonesbati Page 179
    Wrong theoretical base and bad economic policies are the main reasons for the failure of development plans in Iran.Infact the emphasize on neoclassical approach and neglecting preconditional institutional structure have adversly affected people s incentives for development. Thus converting development plans into a set of scattered projects . Development ,require the existence of appropriate democratic institutions .Democracy is more than just a plan. It is rather a cumolative process .However , it could be achieved by taking necessary steps in that direction. Defining and enforcement of property rights,availability of free press , existence of an independent judiciary organisation and a multi party political systems are necessary stepts in that direction.Looking at people incentives in economic activities, we found that in Iran, people are mostly interested in investing in land and housing and hardly any productive activity,the result of which is underdevelopment of industrial sector. Thus it seems inevitable that not only it is necessary to establish necessary institutional structure but also attemt is to be made to change economic motives of people towars long term investment in productive activities.The experience of economic develoment of developed countries show that appropriate Industrial development policy of government is very essential in this regards.
    Keywords: Development, Institutional Approach, Economy of Iran, Development Plan
  • Mahmoud Motavaseli, Rozita Lajavardi, Mohammad Majid Ranjbar Page 197
    Development planning involve both society s will and objectives(where it goes) and its instruments and methods(how and in which direction).Thus it is important to see how different levels of planning follow objectivity principle meaning there by that how it understand the real concept of development and rationality principle which means how it emphasize on experts and technocrats to design and implement planning .The failure of development planning in Iran is to be related to inadequate attention paid to these two key aspects of development planning.In this paper following institutional approach we shall apply williamson ,s four levels of analysis and denis Goulet,s concept of rationality to examine development plans of Iran .
    Keywords: Objectivity, Changing Process, Rationality, Development concept
  • Hanieh Bamdad, Farshad Momeni Page 233
    Precondition to actualization of human potentialities ,among other things, require the availability of appropriate Institutional Infrastructure. Institutions can reduce socio economic disequilibrium and provide equal opportunity for men and women.Women being an important capital asset play a significant role in socio economic development in every country. Not only women has to upgrade their education and learnings, the government has also to provide various support for women participation and involvement in development programmes. In this paper while reviewing previoud five plans we emphasize on the six th plan to evaluate the planners perspectives on women .The sixth plan document include 17 sectoral and 12 extra sectral subjects. The title of One of seventeen subject is”Art,Culture,Sports and Youth ,Women and Family”which is a sub sector of Culture Affars, Science and Technology.On the whole we see that there has not been much attention paid to women and its role in development. Thus it is,therefore, essential that the women be given due regards and attention for development of the country .
    Keywords: Woman, Family, Development, Capability, Sixth Development Plan