فهرست مطالب

اقتصاد و جامعه - پیاپی 32 (بهار 1396)

نشریه اقتصاد و جامعه
پیاپی 32 (بهار 1396)

  • بهای روی جلد: 150,000ريال
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/02/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Abdolrassol Ghassemi , Javid Bahrami , Elham Ghandali Page 11
    With the decline in the world consumption of fossil fuel, there has been a high tendency to use more of non-exhaustible energy sources, for having comparatively much less pollutions. Despite having a high potentiality in production of non-exhaustible energy sources, less efforts have been made to utilize these resources. In fact very small proportion of its energy consumption  came fromnon- exhaustible sources. In this paper we try to explain the role
    of environmental regulation on trade of non-exhaustible energy technology between Iran and G7 countries basing our study on two hypothetical assumption of Pollution Shelter and Porter, s View. In fact our purpose is to examine the
    main determinants of exports of non-exhaustible energy technology. Our results show that hard and serious environmental regulation provide a positive incentive for investment on technical know-how, tools and equipment. This is in fact an indirect source of comparative advantage in export of such high technical tools and environmental friendly equipment.  
    Keywords: Trade in Technology, Non -exhaustible Energy, EnvironmentalRegulation, G7 Countries
  • Farshad Momeni, Sayed Mohammadsajad Najafi Page 33
    For the last few decades, there has been a controversial discussion over the role of planning in economic development. While some regard it as an economic tool. Others see it as a symbol of an ideology against market. In this paper we try to show that Planning is a tool just like market and can be used whenever and wherever it may be needed .However, efficient working of market and planning depends on institutional environment in which it is applied. In this paper we shall point out how arbitrary policies adopted in Iran and negligence of planning has in fact lead to high cost and heavy loss of opportunity for development. We shall also discuss how the country has not been able to overcome historical backwardness because of shortsightedness of policy makers and slow development. Our main emphasize is that planning is a necessary for knowledge based development.
    Keywords: Revolution in knowledge, Development Pattern in Iran, PlanningApproach for development.
  • Vahid Ehsani , Sayed Mohammad Bagher Najafi Page 59
    The twin objectives of this paper are: firstly, whether Iran, s education policies is scientific or not? Secondly, explain and analysis various scenarios resulting from change in the rewards. In order to achieve the first objectives, we have compared the rewards system with scientific findings and see how it could match with it. For the second objective, we have utilized the above findings and examined the impact of financial reward on the performance in Iran, we have found that financial rewards and encouragement had negative impact on performance indicating that financial rewards are not good incentive for subjective activities .It seems that concentration on mental motives and moral persuasion may lead to better results. However, restructuring of the economy from an oil-based to knowledge based economy is an essential strategy that the government has to adopt .We  have to redirect our priority in education from quantitative to qualitative and emphasize on job oriented training and undertake poverty reduction program.

    Keywords: Research, development, Education Policies, Science andTechnology Financial Encouragements, Quantitative, Qualitative education.
  • Farzaneh Samadian , Jamal Fahollahi Page 91
    Reviewing the composition of government expenditure on education, we found  that the proportion of non-wage expenditures has been continuously decreasing indicating the growing efforts at privatization of education in the country. This attempt is mainly aimed at transferring the burden of education expenditures from government to the families. However, privatization of education system in Iran means nothing more than leaving the responsibilities of education to unknown market forces. This approach to education system in Iran, we believe, is counter-productive, especially when taking into consideration, the low quality of private education and inability of families to pay the fees and bear the burden of such expenditures. It is, therefore, imperative for the government to improves the quality of education and reduce its costs in such a way that it would be affordable by the families. The government must make the necessary changes in education system by subjecting it to a better supervision and control on the one hand and directing education system towards job oriented training to fulfill the market requirements on the other hand.

    Keywords: Privatization, Education System, Non-wage government expenditureon education. Job-oriented training, General, higher education
  • Ali Nasiriaghdam Page 119
    Transaction cost is an important concept that has been introduced in the economy in the last century. But despite its analytical importance, there has not been a clear and standard definition about it. Every scholar define it in a
    different way concentrating on some aspects of it. In this paper, following Allen (1991, 1999) I have classified various definitions into two broad categories .Each category has been analyzed separately. The main objective of this study was to find the relationship between property rights and transaction cost. Our finding show a strong relationship between these two. In this paper we have also shown the main approaches towards its application in practical life.

    Keywords: Law, Economics, Transaction Cost , Property Rights, Institutions
  • Mohammad Khajeh Nejad , Farshad Momeni Page 147
    In this paper we try to provide a simple model for explaining the know-how of changes in "quality" of liquidity in addition to its quantity resulting from the increasing inflow of oil revenues in a rentier economy of Iran. Following
    Shakeri, we have expanded Fisher equation by splitting liquidity into two distinct parts.One part of liquidity which is related to variation in GDP that is basically quantitative and the other part which is related to speculative activities and has its own determinants other than GDP. Our period of study is 1974-2006(1353- 1385) .The structure of this paper is as follows: In the first part we shall have a review of literature which is essentially a discussions of quantitative nature of liquidity following oil shocks.In the second part we shall propose an expanded Fisher equation to deal with the case of our study.The third part of our study analysis the findings and discusses the implications and finally in the fourth and the last we conclude our study.
    Keywords: Speculative Liquidity, Oil Shocks, Rentier State, Money Multiplier, Shortsightedness
  • Reza Mazhari , Mohsen Mohamadi Khiayreh Page 173
    Undoubtedly, growth, inflation, and unemployment are the most important macroeconomic indicators that have determinant effect on all other economic indicators. One of the important attributes of these variables is their close
    relationship with one another and they are just neutral numbers that need to be interpreted. The Present article in the framework of literature of political economy of inflation challenges the traditional hypothesis: "Inflation enriches the rich and makes the poor poorer. The crisis of the 1930s created a Keynesian revolution that it offered a macroeconomic revolution which like classical economics and Marx was a class-based one and the Phillips curve that inspired by such a revolution. The Phillips curve confirmed the trade of between inflation and unemployment, which this relationship was remained for more than two  decades at the top of the economic plans of the advanced capitalist countries as a manifesto. The phenomenon of stagflation showed that the Phillips hypothesis was only statistically correct and not as a theory. In such a space, the advent of the revolution of the rational expectations of macroeconomics, which insisted on the "Non accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU), kept out the Keynesian macroeconomic. Since the 1990s, economic literature changed their approach toward inflation targeting models that have looked at both of them, the Philips curve and NAIRU, in an effort to explain the relationship between inflation and growth. This paper, with a descriptive-analytical approach, shows that the land reform of the 1960s in Iran the liberalized of labor and capital surpluses from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector due to the emergence of a powerful industrial capitalism and its emergence versus commercial capitalism. We think the nature of the economy Political inflation in Iran has been shaped the land reform. From the adjustment policy so far, inflation control has always been a priority in economic policy. Our impression of domestic and foreign inflation studies suggests that the relationship between inflation and growth can be positive and the effect of inflation on poverty and inequality is a U-shaped elationship.
    Keywords: Inflation, Unemployment, Stagflation, Economic Growth, IranianEconomy, Poverty, Inequality