نشریه مطالعات تاریخی
پیاپی 30 (پاییز 1389)

Capturing the American Embassy in Tehran by "Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line" is one of the turning points of 32-yearhistory of Iranian Islamic Revolution. Imam Khomeini managed this crisis and changed it to a historical fortune for the country and Islamic Revolution and because of deep effects of this historical event in Iran,region and the world we are about to review this subject in this article. We have tried to analyze the trend of developments considering the centrality of Imam and his management based on the memoirs of people who had key roles in this event. The main trend of this article is based on a theory that Imam had no role in the design and capturing the US embassy in Tehran, however just at the beginning of this challengewhen being informed of the attempt by students, he tried to use this event as a historical fortune to stabilize the Islamic Revolution; the event that could lead the country to a war.

The attempt to seizure the US Espionage Den was revolutionary but in general look, a defensive attempt. This attempt was a correct and revolutionary and could defend the nation against the abasement of superpower policies. The reason for why this identically defending attempt happened in a revolutionary form hides in the background of Iran-USrelations and the historical trend of intervening attempts by the Americans. Without considering the background of Iran-US relations, there is no possibility for understanding the basis of seizing the US Espionage Den. If we start considering these relations from the 1953 coup, we observe the Americans have abdicated a legitimate and national government by an illegitimate intervene and bringing Mohammad Reza to power. Then they supported and armed him. The Americans ruled over our national, economic, military and political destiny by an illegitimate puppet. After the Islamic Revolution the American interventions continued in the framework of fighting against the revolutionary goals ofIranian nation.

The historical events whose effects go beyond the time, tell us that event has had a rational reason. During the history and around the world, there have happened many events like the seizure of US Embassy in Iran. But all of them have been so limited or removed from the memoirs of those nations. Why the incidents of US Embassy have survived up to this time, partly goes back to the rationality behind it. After WWII,because of the British retreatment from the Suez Canal and Persian Gulf, USA could replace them and had great influence. After WWII, US followed very intervening doctrines, such Nixon's whose basis was coups one after another in military and puppet regimes; in order to deter the influence of Communism and also preserving the US interestin different districts of the world.

From the students who participated in seizing The American Embassy in Tehran on November 4th 1979, some were martyred in Tehran in clashes with the Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization or in war fronts. Mohsen Vezvayee, Mehdi Rajab Beygi, and Hussein Shoorideh are 3 of these martyrs; although they are not the only ones.In this short article it is tried to write shortly about them based on the written materials and memoirs of their friends. Since all of these rewritten information are presented in the format of General informed narrator, is not so easy to refer to the information for each paragraph; but for further referring all the sources are brought at the end.