نشریه مطالعات تاریخی
پیاپی 41 (تابستان 1392)

Iranian press history is not so long. The very early paper published in 1836. It is about 180 years now and not a long time. This period can be studied in different categories. This paper is focusing on Pahlavids press history which is categorized in three phases: From the rise of Reza Shah till September of 1941, from September 1941 till 1953 coup and from the coup till the Islamic Revolution victory in 1979. Pahlavids press history has been analyzed and studied by different researchers from different viewpoints. This paper is to categorize the sources in this field which have been published in “book” shape “inside” Iran. It should be noted all of them are about “national papers” and local ones need another chance to study.

Considering the Pahlavids identity, a review on the history of education in Iran during the reign of the two kings of this dynasty would show us Baha’is had always important roles in cultural and political posts including the education system. Khalil Arjomad (Eng.), Manouchehr Hakim (PhD), Gholam-Abbass Davachi (Dr.), Amanatollah Roshan-Za’er (Dr.), Ali Rasekh (Dr.), Shapour Rasekh (Dr.), Abbass Shahiszadeh (Eng.), Mirza-Agha Shahiszadeh, Zabihullah Azizi (Dr.), Ali-Mohammad Varaqa (Dr.), Ehssanullah (Dr.), Yarshater, Foad Ashraf, Sohrab Dust-dar, Abd-ulali Ala’ee, Aminullah Mesbah, Houshmand Fat’h-Azam, Nusratollah Mavadat in cultural and artistic spheres, Khalil Arjomad (Eng.), Amir Arjimand, Habibullah Sabet Passal, Akbar & Abbass Haddad, Enayatullah , Habibullah Azizi, Hozhabr Yazdani and … in economic fields, General Abdulkarim Ayadi (Shah’s personal physician), Zekrullah Khadem Ashraf Rouhani, Brigadier General Hedayatollah Sohrab, Lieutenant General, Major General Sho’aollah Ala’ee, Ata’ollah Khosrawani, Amir- Abbass Hoveyda in politics and Farrokhrou Parsay who had different posts in hand such as being Majlis deputy and Education Ministry. This paper tries to present a review on the political life and personality of her and how she could raise the steps from teaching at schools to Majlis membership and then education ministry deputy and finally education ministry. Parsay was among the Bahai ministers of Hoveyda government who despite administration weakness and moral and financial violations ruled over Iranian society’s culture for years and worked in the line of westernizing and anti-Islamic policies of the Shah’s regime.

In this paper the authors would try to study and analyze part of political and cultural activities of Mu’azed-ul-Saltaneh and his relations with some liberal societies and circles based on confirmed historical sources. Abulhassan Pirnia (Mu’azed-ul-Saltaneh) is one of pro-independence elites of Iran. He was against autocracy and colonialism and supporter of constitutionalism, justice and equality and his activities were not limited to political affairs. He was also active in cultural and educational fields; such as founding Iranian School in Baku. He traveled to Petersburg, Baku, London and Paris and a kind of liberty-seeking feelings were shaped in his mind. He became determined to reach his political and social aims. During 1908 bombardment of the Majlis he stood beside the intellectuals and constitutionalists. He even would pay the charges of the Iranians residing in Paris. With the help of Iranian intellectuals in Paris he would take part in Iranian society and some other circles. He also published Soor-e Esrafil newspaper which its issues would be sent to main cities of Iran and Europe.

For a better understanding of Islamic Revolution of Iran which is one of the most important events in 20th century second half, it would useful to know the participants of this revolution. Since this revolution has a religious background, studying the Islamist revolutionaries has a priority. Mohammad Sadegh Eslami is one of them. The point which should be noted here is the studies made on the life of these people are concentrated on their political aspect and the other aspects of their lives are ignored. In this paper it has been tried to reveal social and cultural aspects of his life. The main theme of this article is how religion affected Sadegh Eslami activities?

On May 10th 1978 a big rally was held in Qum. The military agents of the city attacked people. Some were shot and injured and about 130 people were arrested as SAVAK report reveals. Group of seminary students in rally were forced to take shelter in Ayatollah Shari’atmadari’s house which was near there. The agents followed the student in the rooms and even the basement there and beat them. Based on the confessions made by close people to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi this raid was common plan between the regime and Ayatollah to rebuild his public prestige which had been badly destroyed. They wanted to exculpate him from the accusation of having relations with the regime. It can be argued the killing of a student in the Ayatollah’s house was not part of that plan and the violence used by the agents was a bit further than what it had been predicted or some accident might have happened.

Qoajar period, because of collide between two important social spheres i.e. native and imported structure discourse in different fields of politics, society and culture deserves deep study and pathology. In this atmosphere, the modernist politicians were fortunate to change the thinking tradition in society and also the literature and discourse of the elites. Because of their theoretical and practical responsibilities, religious circles and sites had a big role in informing people about social and political threats and fortunes and also their social and political responsibilities in this period. Religious sites would shape the national unity and organize the movements. They would attract public attention to national and international issues. They would shape the interaction discourse, and convergence in society. They would evaluate the level of legitimacy of politics and politicians. They would present the resistance approach in front of the plots made by foreign politicians and the politicians led by foreigners. This research while introducing the political and social usages of religious sites during Qajar period can be a pattern for pathology of modern religious sites which might be known as Golden Shia Age. This usage defends religious and national identity and strengthens the resistance discourse in front of foreign raids.

Political Studies and Research Institute decided to publish this quarterly about ten years ago. In ten years this quarterly has published 324 articles with the cooperation of 180 researchers, authors and translators in 40 issues with 10200 papers and represented, analyzed and studied parts of contemporary history of Iran. This paper has double aims first, analyzing the quantity and quality of this historiography activity and second, presenting a study guide for easier use of this collection. For this goal while having a statistical review based on factors like historical period, orientation, subjects and notable articles, we evaluate the comparability of achievements and the quarterly’s goals and approaches.

When one studies the document coming out of the session between Ezer Weizman, Israeli war minister, and General Toofanian, deputy of Pahlavi regime war minister, on July 18th 1977, following subjects can be identified:1- The long background of relations between two regimes despite the opposition of Iranian people
2- Secret cooperation for manufacturing military arsenal
3- Indirect confession made by Weizman about arming Israeli missiles with nuclear warheads
4- Israeli attempt for selling arms to the Shah’s regime focusing on missiles
5- Cooperation for expanding the relations in future without considering upcoming events It is interesting that considering the Middle East conditions and fall of the Shah in less than one and half year after the Islamic Revolution of Iranian people, Israeli defense minister tries to persuade the Shah’s regime arms dealer, Toofanian, to buy more Israeli arms. This document also shows that Zionist officials had not been able to predict the upcoming fall of the Shah despite claiming to have deep knowledge of developments in the strategic region of Middle East.