فهرست مطالب

مطالعات تاریخی - پیاپی 43 (زمستان 1392)

نشریه مطالعات تاریخی
پیاپی 43 (زمستان 1392)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/11/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Ayatollah Seyyed Hebatoddin (Mohammad, Ali) Shahrestani Translator: Ali Shams Page 11
    Ali Al-Khaqani, the famous Iraqi writer has several big biographies of Iraqi literati and some other valuable books. He has a 12-volume collection of biographies by the title of “Sho’ara-ul-Ghora” [Poets of Ghora] or “Al-Najafiyat” which narrates the life stories and memoirs and some samples of poetry by Najaf literati whom are mostly clergies. In this book when he is introducing Ayatollah Seyyed Hebat-uddin (Mohammad-Ali) Shahrestani, he brings a short writing by him about the constitution movement in Persia. Al-Khaqani explains: “A big part of thinking history in Najaf is related to constitutionalism and despotism. So, when I found our seyyed’s memoirs, I decided to bring exactly whatever existing about this matter here.” Allameh Shahrestani narrated another event beside the story of Najaf clergy support from the justice-seeking revolutionaries in Tehran and that is bloody genocide in Karbala in which many Iranians were killed. The difference between Shahrestani with most of the other narrators is that he was a native in Arab Iraq and was quite familiar with the conditions in Najaf and Karbala. He has narrated a face of constitutionalism which he had observed in Iraq and he has not been interested in any side of Iranian constitutionalists and despite being a student of Akhund Khorassani and having kind feelings toward him, we can argue he has been just in his narration.
  • Mahmood Baseery Page 33
    Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Mohammad Kaf’ami Khorassani was born in a cleric family in 1902 in Mashhad. Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Rajab- Ali Mohaddessi Khorassani was among the prominent clergies of Khorassan and the first lawyer in Mashhad and instructor of Abdullah Khan School. His mother was a believing woman who knew Arabic morphology and syntax and would read many Koran chapters by heart. She would sometime discuss with her husband in these fields. Mohammad began learning Koran with his mother and his knowledgeable aunt and then studied Arabic morphology and syntax with his father. His interest in learning Islamic knowledge made him going to Andalkhan Seminary in Mashhad in young ages. He became a student of Haj Sheikh Abd-ul-Javad Adib Bozorg Neyshabouri, Sheikh Mohammad Taqi Adib Sani, Haj Mohaqeq Quchani, the late Shams and Mirza Ahmad Modarress Yazdi and particularly Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Kazem Damghani in Abdulkhan seminary. He became so professional in Arabic language and could memorize many of morphology and Al-Soyouti poems. However, his father was not satisfied with his knowledge and Mohammad decided to go to Najaf. Sheikh Mohammad became a student of great instructors like the late Ayatollah Haj Mirza Baqer Zanjani and Ayatollah Haj Seyyed Ali Nouri to finish jurisprudence up to the degree of Sat’h. Then he continues his studies in jurisprudence and Osoul up to Kharej level at the classes of instructors like Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Mousa Khawnssari and Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Meshkini and Ayatollah Seeyed Zia’uddin Araghi and finally he could get his Ijtihad degree from the school of Grand Ayatollah Agha Seyyed Abul-hassan Esfahani. The late Kaf’ami could also take part in some other Grand Ayatollahs like Ayatollah Milani, Ayatollah Khawnssari and honorary received Ijtihad permission.
  • Ali Reza Khosravi Page 79
    Imam Khomeini’e insight and pragmatic interpretation of the Verse of Rise (Qiyam), unintentionally would clarify the height of his belief and intention to obey the unique preach of God and also the influence of its meaning in all aspects of his ideology for any observer. It can be argued that the most prominent characteristic of Imam Khomeini is his deep attentions to practice the mentioned preach rooted in his different reading of Islamology. The point which plays the most important role in interpreting that verse and shaping his thoughts for creating the movement is following the rise of Imam Hussein. This paper is to identify the content of Imam Khomeini’s rise and also introducing the most important bases of his ideology in shaping the rise against the regime.
  • Moharam gholizadeh Page 107
    Changing the cultural appearance of society by force during the Reza Shah rule was in the agenda of cultural organization of the country. Westernization, Anti-Islamism and imposing totalitarian nationalism were the main elements of cultural policies in this specific period. In many cases the cultural programs were overlapping each other while they would move toward the main goal they would also guarantee reaching some other cultural goals. To change the cultural context of the society and institutionalize unveiling, immorality and Ancientoriented nationalism, cultural and political elements of the regime in Eastern Azerbaijan executed several programs. Students and educated people were in the core of the goal community in these new cultural policies. At first the public reaction of Tabriz people showed itself in the opposition of clergies and their activities to clarify the matter for public. Then in 1928 the public rise challenged the uniform and anti-Islamist policies of the regime.
  • Nilgoon Daryaee Page 129
    “Shams” as a member of Pahlavi regime royal family depicts a kind of internal structural relations inside the regime. Rereading this role by using documents would guide us to understand the level of the effect of her relation on the structure and destiny of Pahlavi Political system. Shams was an element from the core of the regime and by her own part enriched the factors to weaken this system and played a particular role in the challenge between the system and the nation. All the documents used to study in this paper approve this role. We have also used the documents which show her relational function with the structure of Pahlavi system in a clear way. The basis of this study is documents and they are making our analysis and judgment in narrating Shams.
  • Shokrollah Khakrand, Mahmud Zekavat Page 221
    During the 1st Pahlavid’s reign, the regime used the Modernist discourse to create or impose a new identity to different aspects of Iranian social life. However, some parts of the society would not tolerate the new identity and formed “Opposing Trends” against this new identification. “Opposing Intellectual Trend” was one of these. This article is to study and evaluate the resistance of the society of that time in the framework of “Opposing Intellectual Trends” against the imposed identity by “Power Discourse” through the methodology of descriptive analysis and content analysis. These trends had two main orientations: “Liberal Opposing Trends” and “Leftist Opposing Trends”. The attempts made by Mossadegh-ul-Saltaneh were among the “Liberal Opposing Trends” and the activities of Iranian Communist Party and Taqi Arani Group were from the “Leftist Opposing Trends” in this period.
  • Page 241
    This a document of e phone dialogue transcription between the Shah and Ali Amini the ex-premier of Iran which reveals the consultations of the Shah with Amini about January 17th 1979 events. In this historic dialogue, 21 days before leaving Iran, Shah clearly tells Amini: “I am gradually dying!”
    In this dialogue Shah tries to understand the idea of Ali Amini about the speech made by Karim Sanjabi in Pahlavi Hospital. Sanjabi had asked for a democratic republic in Iran in his speech. Ali Amini while pretending not being aware of this speech says if this claim had been real, it had been against the law and Sanjabi should have been arrested. In another part they speak about the strikes in oil industry and its impact on Iranian economy and the region. In this regard Amini expresses his suggestions to control these strikes and cooperating with the opposition. In part of this document they also consult about professor Nejatollahi assassination that had been killed by security forces during the sanctuary of instructors in the university. Shah and Amini discuss the suspiciousness of this accident and both would claim it should have been possibly done by the opposition.