مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 22، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1391)

Aim and The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral activation system (BAS) are considered as factors to verify the effects of personality significance on cortical activity. The present study explored the effects of the BIS and BAS on frontal asymmetry in response to affect stimuli. Methods and Materials: This study included 36 individuals (18 with high BAS sensitivity and 18 with high BIS sensitivity، 17 women). All subjects were introduced to neutral، happy، and sad conditions by the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS) and brain waves were recorded simultaneously. Finally، absolute power of alpha band (8-12 Hz) of the right and left frontal areas were calculated for each participant. A mixed repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the absolute alpha power. Results revealed an increased response to neutral stimuli in BAS group within the left frontal area. However، no significant effects were found in the BIS group in this condition. In addition، an increased left frontal activity (alpha decreasing) in response to happy pictures was seen in the BAS group. On the other hand، an increased right frontal activity (alpha decreasing) in response to sad pictures was found in the BIS group. The results were consistent with the approach/withdrawal model and cerebral asymmetry. The role of the frontal region in positive and negative moods was also approved.

Aim and The purpose of this study is Identification of Persian obsessive relative words and comparing attentional bias in patients with obsessive – compulsive disorder (OCD) with matched healthy individuals. Methods and Materials: In this Ex Post Facto study 46 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 46 healthy individual with range of 19 to 40 years old were selected by convenient sampling. Firstly 265 words are selected based on OCD literature and then words are rated by OCD patient with a Likert scale based on level of threatening. Then 40 words with highest grade are selected for emotional Stroop test. Reaction time and true and false response in emotional stroop test were analyzed through Student t-test. Finding shows significance difference between two groups in reaction time. Correct response is more in healthy groups that patient. Results of this study showed deficit in attentional functions towards OCD related words in patient with OCD. Identification of OCD related Persian words provides possibility of more controlled research and can be underlie the development of efficient and diagnostic neurological tests for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Aim and People differ in how they process information. Assessment of such differencess is helpfull for understanding and predicting behavior in a variety of contexts. One of tht most important measure of individual differences in Information Processing is the Intuitive-Rational- Inventory، and the purpose of the present research is to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of this Inventory in university students’ population. Methods and Materials: First، the Inventory was translated into Farsi. Then، it was retranslated into English and compared with the original version to find and correct the gaps between the translated version and the original version. Finally، after the pilot study and resolving the mistakes، the final questionnaire was carried out for sample group consisting of 335 students studying in Humanities Sciences in Tabriz Payame Noor University. The data were analysed by using SPSS-18 softwar. In this study، Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on the 40 items of the inventory، using a Principal Component Analysis، with Varimax Rotation. Cattell’s scree plot and Horn’s parallel analysis indicated the two factor solutions. Examination of communalities table revealed 18 items (nine each from the rational and experiential scales) with low internal consistency. These items were deleted and a second Principal Component factor analysis was conducted on the remaining 22 items. The resulte showed the two factors clearly. The first factor accounted for 18% and the second factor about 16% of the variance in the item set. As in the original scale، these factors were called Intuitive and rational Information Processing styles. To determine its validity item- total correlations and item discrimination power calculated. The reliability of the Intuitive-Rational Inventory was obtained by internal consistency (cronbach alpha) and test- retest methods. Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient for Intuitive and rational Information Processing styles was 0. 80 and 0. 77; and correlation coefficient after four weeks retest was 0. 90 and 0. 94، respectively. Cronbach''s Alpha and test- retest coefficient showed that reliability of factors is acceptable. Results at this study showed that Intuitive-Rational- Inventory has psychometric properties for utilizing in psychological research، clinical diagnostics and counseling.

Aim and The present study tried to assess increasing marital satisfaction and family health as two of the primary mental health measures. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental case-control research used a pretest-posttest design with follow-up. The statistical population consisted of 60 couples in Isfahan، Iran. The subjects were wishing to solve their marital problems and volunteered to participate in the program. Couples were included if they had been married for 3-7 years. Data was collected by the 47-item Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. Finally، 30 couples with the lowest pretest scores were randomly allocated to two groups of experimental and control (15 couples in each group. The study group attended a 6-week communication skills program including weekly 90-minute sessions. A final application of the marital satisfaction scale was administered to both groups at the end of the program. A follow-up test was given 1 month later to all the subjects participating in the couples communication program. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for analyzing data. The Islamic communication styles and religious attitudes were found to be effective on couples'' marital satisfaction in the posttest and follow-up (P < 0. 05). In addition، the posttest and follow-up scores were significantly higher than pretest scores in the experimental group. According to our findings، application of marriage counseling based on Islamic communication styles and religious attitudes are suggested in order to enhance marital satisfaction.

The current study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence rate of exposure to traumatic events and some of their related factors in male high school students in Urmia، Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 946 male freshmen، junior and senior high school students in Urmia during 2010-2011 school year. The subjects were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. The participants responded to a demographic questionnaire and the Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children in their schools and in group. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS18 by descriptive statistic، t-test، chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The results showed that 72. 2% of participants had been exposed to at least one traumatic event. Watching violence on television، death of a close person، and severe illness of a close individual were the most prevalent events. The results of t-test showed that the prevalence of some events was increased with aging. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed that some events were more prevalent in the low socioeconomic status. The chi-square test showed that there were correlations between educational field and the prevalence of some events. According to the susceptibility of adolescents، the high prevalence of traumatic events can be accounted as one of major health problems among this group of people.

Aim and Suicide is one of the social and psychological problems. Hamadan province is one of the three provinces with high rate of suicide in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of attempting suicide and the major effective factors in Bahar، Hamadan province. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 cases attempted to suicide from Jun 2007 to Oct 2008. The data were collected by questionnaire and analysed using Chi squared and Logistic regression tests. The rate of attempting suicide was 67 per 100000 in Bahar; of these 53. 3% were males and 46. 7 females. The highest rate of suicide was observed among 15-24 years old persons and the mean age for suicide was 26. 8 ± 1. 13 years. About 52. 3% of the subjects were single and 59. 8% of them were resided in urban area. Most of the suicide attempters were unemployed (29. 8%) and housewife (67. 5%) in the male and female group respectively. The most common method of suicide attempts was taking drugs (50. 5%). Family problem with spouse and parents has been founded as the most common cause of suicide. Findings showed that 82% of the suicide actors were under the age of 30 and so special attention should be paid to them and their needs ought to be identified.

Aim and

The aim of this study was to determine the statistical correlation between personality characteristics and spiritual intelligence in a group of students of Isfahan University، Isfahan، Iran. Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 2010-2011. A total number of 284 (130 males and 154 females) undergraduate، postgraduate and PhD students of Isfahan University were selected by cluster random sampling method. The participants were evaluated using NEO Personality Inventory and a spiritual intelligence scale. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics، correlation coefficients and regression analysis.

Among the five personality factors، neuroticism had a negative correlation with spiritual intelligence (P < 0. 001). In contrast، spiritual intelligence was positively correlated with extraversion، agreeableness، and conscientiousness (P < 0. 001). Multiple correlations were also found between the three mentioned factors and spiritual intelligence (F = 16. 63)..

This study indicated the role of personality characteristics in spiritual intelligence. Among the five personality factors، extraversion، agreeableness and above all conscientiousness were predictors of spiritual intelligence. Therefore، personality characteristics need to be evaluated as predictors of spiritual intelligence.

Aim and Based on W. H. O documentation deaths in roads encompass 25% of all accidental deaths. There is a general assumption that human factors involves in 70-90% of road accidents، in 60% of cases as main and in 95% as one of the influential factors. Methods and Materials: In this review article we searched Medline and Cochrane library in the range of 1990-2009 with road accident، road injuries، driving behavior، human factors related to road accidents and psychology of accidents keywords. In this article the role of human factors on road accidents are divided in two groups of: factors reduce driving ability and factors causing driving high risk behavior. In the following we presented the distribution of human errors in driving based on various demographic variables. Human factors related to road accident can be divided in two groups of: 1) factors related to human developmental stage and are out of voluntary control of drivers. 2) Factors related to personality style that interact in a complex form and usually co-occurs in a single person. Control of human factors in traffic management needs a comprehensive and multistage approach including general and specific group oriented educations and legal restriction for specific drivers.