نشریه زمین شناسی محیط زیست
پیاپی 38 (بهار 1396)

City of Birjand, the capital of southern Khorasan province, is located as a dry and volcanic study area in eastern Iran, on the northeastern border of the Lut plain. Although it is not difficult in the area of gas contaminants, the microspheres more than ever caused unhealthy days Gets.The aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties, shape of the falling mineral dusts over Birjand and to identify their originsThe collected samples were as result of dry deposition process during summer and autumn in2016. This research was carried out on microscope particles larger than 10 μm. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, soluble metals are detected in dust particles and cholera using an electron microscope of particle shape And the size is set.The volumes of dust in the city of Birjand peak at the end of summer. Calcium and potassium have the highest levels in the dust. Mineralogy examines them in their turning out. Dust contains a source in an alluvial and permafrost zone, and is very similar to the minerals found in the Sistan plain and the Hamoon wetlandThe physical and chemical analysis of the minerals present in the particles indicates the possible origin of the reindeer from the age of Sistan and from the 120-day-old winds. Calcium and potassium, with its highest content among the soluble metals, indicate the origin of the dusty debris.

Awareness of the quality of water resources is essential for assessing pollution trends for each region. The study area is located in the villages of Damavand city in Tehran, which is used to study the water quality parameters . Within 8 months , from January to August 2016, has focused on sampling and measuring physical parameters (Ec, TDS, turbidity, pH, hardness and alkalinity) of the water from 11 wells in the villages of Damavand city, which was chosen according to the location of the village's residential texture and its proximity to agricultural areas as sample wells. Also, by sampling and analyzing for two times, the quality of each parameter in the studied area and finally a qualitative map for each parameter was prepared. The results of this study suggest that given the fact that the southern marginal areas of Damavand area, especially the village of Wadan, have the highest concentration in most water quality parameters, this area can be considered as a narrow zone of high-risk man-made pollution hazard due to the rise of the rock floor and reduced permeability. In addition, the state of governance of the village of Wadan at the end of sedimentation basin has caused the role of the effectiveness of natural (geological) and hydrogeological factors in this section to be quite evident, the effects of which are increasing the concentration of physical parameters in this area. Due to the fact that some of the qualitative parameters have been observed in the groundwater resources of the area and, on the other hand, the only source of water supply in the Damavand area is groundwater, it is necessary that the quality of drinking water of the inhabitants of the area should always be considered.

One of the most problem of human societies is, production of types of waste solid materials in different qualities and quantities and its discharge. Discharge is the simplest method and in many reigns is low –cost method of discharge. Main goal of discharge is secure and long lasting of solid waste material discharge regard to health and environment. Selecting of place of landfill is one of the important stage in management of urban solid wastes. According to destructive environmental effects, economic and ecological of land fill, and choice of landfill should be fulfilled carefully. This research is done for this purpose to determining proper places of urban waste disposal of Mianeh city by using of hierarchical method (AHP). The current place of urban waste disposal of Mianeh city located at 13 kilometer distance in west of city and adjacent to Mianeh_Hashtrud road on the hills of Dashkasan regions with 3 kilometers motorable track and it becomes asphalt way after 10 kilometers. In this research, criteria and conditions of selecting proper places are identified for healthy landfill of waste disposals such as geology characteristic, availability ways, slop map, faults, land use map, distance of rural and urban centers, soil map of region, hydro-graphy drainage map, groundwaters and gas pipeline ways. For providing talented ability exclusion zones are deleted at first and by using of twelve information layers by weighting method to each ones and analyzing of these weights in GIS environment map obtain different criterion, then best places were selected by combination of these maps. These places located in north, northeast, southwest and southeast. From received regions, the best place is recognized and after field review, this area was confirmed final. This area is located in 8 kilometers of north and northeast and in adjacent to Mianeh _Tark and it has 2 Kilometer motorable track and after 6 kilometer. The lithology of this area mainly include marls and sandstone. It is Also, outside of Aquifer limit, and it is suitable from rural regions.

Slope instability is regarded as a worldwide problem that has direct effect on human life and the environment. The human intervention in nature by building structures and disrupting natural causes increase in the number of landslide event. Landslide hazard zonation mapping is considered to be one of the most reliable methods for evaluating the potential of landslide event along road. These maps can provide in the way of useful information in relation to the identification of high risk areas offer and accordingly, stabilization methods proposed to prevent such risks. In this study, maps of hazard zone landsliding were produced, by using fuzzy logic in ArcGIS and IDRISI along Kan–Suleghan road. Then, in order to assess the accuracy and efficiency of different operators, for creating better results, the fuzzy method was used. Based on studies, revealed the effects of tectonic factors such as faults is most effective parameter. In zoning maps, risk of landslide with fuzzyoverlayOR, the scope of present landslides in the region compared to the area with possibility of landslide occurance in the maps have been showed the good matching. So, in the paper, area it is suggested to prevent construction projects in area with high probability of landslides.

It is very important to use geomorphometric indices to detect active tectonics. The parameters related to the drainage network are the angle of connection of the rivers. And quantitative assessment can help to identify the active tectonics, earth science researchers. Kopet Dagh -Hezarmasjed Geological Unit and Aladagh - Binalood is one of the most active geological units in Iran. In this research four basins were selected to evaluate the role of tectonics in the cross-flow angle of the rivers.Baghrood and Bojan Basin in Aladagh-Binalood Zone and Zavin and Sharrood Basins in Kopet Dagh -Hezarmasjed Construction Zone .In this way, were used cross-flow angle (CA), branching index (R), basin asymmetric percentage index (PAF) and mountain front elevation index (Smf).Also, cross-flow angle calculation showed that the highest amount in Zavin watershed is 73/67 degrees and the lowest amount in Baghrood Basin is 59.5 degrees.Which indicates changes in the flow paths of the streams, such as the capture of the river and, consequently, tectonic movements in the slope Khor anticline.Also, the calculated values of (R) (Smf) and (PAF) indicate that most tectonic species of Kopet Dagh basins are compared to the Binalod mountain basins.

Molluscs , especially bivalves because of benthos grabs and capability benthos. high ability to absorb organic matter and heavy metals in the soft tissues of your body as well as their gills. In many studies evaluating the distribution and concentration of heavy metals.analysis of the skin and soft tissue utilizes seashells.in this study , the concentration of cadmium in the soft tissue of mussels Anodonta Cygnea anzali wetland in the western part(of abkenar) was measured using atomic absorption.the results showed that the concentration of cadmium in the soft tissue of mussels average 0.15 µg/g dry weight.it also compares the findings with the standards EPA ,the average concentration in the Caspian sea , the earths crust , stream sediments and measured values in wetland sediments showed that the concentration of cadmium.in the soft tissue of mussels was below the standard.bioaccumulation factor for fish in the region less than 1 are obtained which indicates a lack of tissue accumulation of cadmium in high levels in oysters.given the small amounts of cadmium accumulation in the shellfish mainly due to the comparison with the calculated values in other studies. The western part of the lagoon that has been sampled at least pollution.it can be concluded that soft tissue of mussels Anodonta Cygnea.has the ability to reduce concentration of heavy elements and therefore it is not possible to monitor the concentration and distribution of heavy metals,especially cadmium used in the wetland.

Eslamshahr is located in the south of Tehran, bounded by Tehran in the north, by Rey County in the east, by Robat Karim in the south and by Shahriar County in the west. The most important river is named the Karaj River. In the research sediment samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, As , and Fe elements. The sediments of the Karaj River are contaminated by zinc, copper, and in some stations by lead and arsenic. The Conclusion of the analysis of the principle component is compatible with the results from the cluster analysis and based on the statistical analyses performed, one can say that iron, nickel, chrome and zing have a common source (natural). Common sources (anthropogenic) are found for copper and arsenic as well as a separate source (anthropogenic) for cadmium. The results show that not all the elements are enriched in the stations. According to the results from the geoaccumulation Index, the amounts of zinc, copper and nickel are in the polluted range at some stations and in the non-polluted to medium pollution ranges at other stations. The pollution of cadmium, lead and arsenic are in the medium to strong pollution range. The amount of chrome is also in the non-polluted range and at some stations in the medium to strong pollution range and at station 13 in the strong pollution range. The values for the degree of pollution show that cadmium has a very high pollution degree, chrome and nickel have medium pollution degrees, and copper, arsenic, lead and zing have considerable pollution degrees. The pollution factor is low to medium in all the stations. The possible source of zinc and copper elements is the household waste and wastewater discharge into the Karaj River. Increased concentrations of arsenic in Salur and Saveh Road stations indicates the impacts of agricultural pesticides and the increased concentration of lead is due to the vehicles passing by the river.