فهرست مطالب

Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2006

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1385/06/21
  • تعداد عناوین: 11
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  • Balali-Mood M., Balali-Mood K., Hosseini Shirazi F Pages 79-87
    Vessal GH, Afhami SH, Gholami KH, Shafaghi B and Hekmat Yazdi SEvaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Gram-Negative Isolates Collected from Intensive Care Units and Reliability of Routine Disc Susceptibility Tests at a Teaching Hospital in TehranIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 89-100Jalali A, Hossininasab Z, Ehsani Z, Zare AA, Zarghi A and Vatanpour HThe Pharmacological Effects of Odonthobuthus doriae Scorpion Venom and Its Extracted Fractions on Neuro-Muscular TransmissionIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 101-105Fazli Tabaei S, Yahyavi SH, Alagheband P, Zartab H, Safari S, Samiee HR, Rastegar F and Zarrindast RThe Effects of Dopamine Receptor Agents on Swim Stress-Induced Inhibition of Naloxone-Induced Jumping Behavior in Morphine-Dependent MiceIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 107-115Sabetkasaei M and Rezai Gharai LEffect of Spinal and Systemic Clonidine Administration on the Postoperative Analgesia in Morphine-dependent and Naïve RatsIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 117-121Sureshkumar SH, Sivakumar T, Chandrasekar MJN and Suresh BInvestigating the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Leaves of Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. In Standard Experimental Animal modelsIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 123-129Gharib Naseri MK, Mazlomi H, Goshaiesh M, Vakilzadeh G and Heidari AAntispasmodic Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Leaf Extract on the Rat UterusIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 131-136Esmaeili S, Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M and Nader NDetermination of 18 ß-Glycyrrhetinic Acid in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Extract by HPLCIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 137-141Alavi HR, Yasa N, Fouladi F and Shafiee AChemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Peucedanum ruthenicum M. Bieb. Leaves, Flowers and FruitsIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 143-147Mirza M, Najafpour Navaei M and Dini MVolatile constituents of essential oils isolated from flowers and leaves of Eupatorium cannabinum L. from IranIranian J Pharm Res 2006: 5 (2): 149-152
  • Vessal Gh, Afhami Sh, Gholami Kh, Shafaghi B., Hekmat Yazdi S Pages 89-100
    Antibiotic resistance of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) born aerobic gram-negative bacteria was evaluated during a six months period at a teaching hospital in Tehran, and determination of the validity of the results obtained from disc diffusion tests, using discs manufactured in Iran.Disc susceptibility tests using Iranian and standard discs (diffusion discs available in international markets) were performed on 108 aerobic gram-negative isolates obtained from the clinical samples of patients with at least 72 hours of stay in the ICU. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) was subsequently determined by collaborators not involved with the disc testing evaluation.Acinetobacter was the most frequently isolated gram negative species (26%). High resistance rates were obtained for all antibiotics studied except for imipenem (98% sensitive). Results of disc diffusion tests performed by the Iranian discs were in moderate to strong agreement with those obtained from the standard discs. When comparing disc results with the MIC results, it was noted that the total number of very major, and minor discrepancies were approximately the same with both sets of discs. The total number of major discrepancies was higher for the Iranian discs (more false positive results). The total number of very major discrepancy rates was more than the acceptable 1.5% limits for each antibiotic tested, using both Iranian and standard discs. High rates of resistance in aerobic gram-negative isolates studied, leaves imipenem as the only reliable agent for the empirical treatment of ICU infections. The high rates of very major discrepancies with both sets of discs show that physicians cannot rely on disc diffusion tests only, in order to guide therapy for the treatment of very serious infections in the ICUs, even if standard discs are used instead of the Iranian discs, and there is great need to establish a fast and easy way to determine the MIC values. Although it is better to repeat the study with a much larger sample size in order to make good judgment.
  • Jalali A., Hossininasab Z., Ehsani Z., Zare Aa, Zarghi A., Vatanpour H Pages 101-105
    The effect of Odonthobuthos doriae (O.d) scorpion venom at 0/3, 1 and 3, 10 µg/ml concentrations were investigated on nerve-muscle transmission, using the Twitch tension technique. A concentration of 0.3 µg/ml caused a small change in the twitch height in response to indirect muscle stimulation, but higher concentrations (1, 3, 10 µg/ml) caused a transient augmentation in twitch response followed by a large contracture in the chick biventer cervices (CBC) preparation. This effect could be defined as a complex action of the venom, predominately presynaptic, in which its’ effects on postjunctional synapses is also maintained. In order to find out which bioactive fraction could explain the venom effects, the soluble crude venom was partially separated by the gel filtration method, using a Sephadex G50 column, and four fractions were separated. Two of the four purified fractions (O.d F3, O.d F4) were characterized as toxic and their LD50 values were lower than the crude venom. Unlike the O.d F1 and O.d F2 fractions, O.d F3 and O.d F4 fractions caused a significant block in the twitch and contracture, in comparison to the control sample. in conclusion, fractions O.d F3 and O.d F4 are supposed to be as the biological active components of the O.d. venom.
  • Fazli Tabaei S., Yahyavi Sh, Alagheband P., Zartab H., Safari S., Samiee Hr, Rastegar F., Zarrindast R Pages 107-115
    In the present study, interactions of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists with water swimming stress (WSS) on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Mice were rendered dependent as described in the methods section. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 mg/kg), was injected to elicit jumping (as a withdrawal sign). The first group exposed to WSS in the presence or absence of dopamine receptor drugs, before naloxone injection, in order to test the interaction of dopamine receptor mechanisms with WSS on expression of jumping behavior. When the animals were exposed to WSS for periods of 0.5, 1 or 3 min, 15 min prior to naloxone injection, WSS administration for a period of 3 min decreased the expression of jumping, but not diarrhea induced by naloxone. The D1 receptor agonist, SKF38393 (1-phenyl-7,8-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride; 8 and 16 mg/kg), D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390 (R-(+)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1Hbenzazepine=7-ol maleate; 0.0025 and 0.005 mg/kg), D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole (0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg) and D2 receptor antagonist, sulpiride (50 mg/kg), potentiated the inhibition of jumping induced by WSS. Quinpirole, but not other dopamine receptor agents, increased diarrhea. In the second group of animals, effects of the dopamine receptor drugs; during development of morphine dependence, in the presence of WSS administration were tested. Administration of apomorphine (1 and 2 mg/kg) or SKF 38393 (8 mg/kg) in the presence of WSS, during the development of morphine dependence increased jumping, while quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg) decreased diarrhea. In contrary, neither sulpiride nor SCH 23390 did not alter jumping or diarrhea induced by naloxone. It could be concluded that dopamine receptor mechanism(s) and/or WSS could be related the development of morphine dependency.
  • Sabetkasaei M., Rezai Gharai L Pages 117-121
    Post operative pain and its control remains one of the most important issues in the field of surgery and health care system. Formalin test has been used as a method for assessing pain and analgesia in rats. Systemic and spinally administered clonidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, is proved to enhance postoperative analgesia. It has also been shown that morphine-dependent rats experience more chronic pain than naïve rats.In this study we have explored the effect of certain doses of i.t. and i.p. clonidine on postoperative pain in morphine-dependent and naïve rats. Rats were addicted by oral morphine. For one group, an intrathecal catheter was inserted 48 hours before surgery. A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin, fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the right hind paw. Both morphine-dependent and naïve rats received i.t. (17µg.kg­¹) or i.p. (0.7 mg.kg­¹) clonidine immediately and 15 minutes befor formalin test, respectively. Then, formalin-induced behaviors were recorded. In both phases of formalin test in morphine-depondent rats, i.p clonidine produced more analgesic effect, compared to i.t. injection (P<0.01). On the other hand i.p. clonidine caused more analgesic effect in phase II of formalin test in morphine-dependent than naïve rats (P<0.05). Clonidine may potentiate the analgesic effect of chronically administered morphine. Also it seems that clonidine acts better in supraspinal level, compared to the spinal level
  • Sureshkumar Sh, Sivakumar T., Chandrasekar Mjn, Suresh B Pages 123-129
    The ethanolic extract of Wedelia chinensis (EEWC) belonging to the family of Asteraceae was evaluated by hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing methods to assess its analgesic activity. The extract was also evaluated for its by using on carrageenan, mediators such as histamine and serotonin induced paw oedema, and cotton pellet induced granuloma tests for its effect on acute and chronic phase inflammation models in rats, as well as analgesic activity in mice. It was found that the extract caused an inhibition on the writhing response induced by acetic acid in a dose dependent manner. Dose of 500 mg/kg EEWC and aspirin could block the writhing response by 51.92 % and 68.68 % (p < 0.001), respectively. It was also indicated that the EEWC showed significant antinociceptive action in hot plate reaction time method in mice. This effect was comparable to that of standard drug morphine treated controls, suggesting the central activity of EEWC. Maximum inhibition (56.14 %) was obtained at the dose of 500 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas indomethacin (standard drug) produced 61.65 % of inhibition. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the EEWC (125,250 and 500 mg/kg) and standard drug showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 56.69,34.57,43.30 % and 55.23 % respectively. The results indicate the potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and therapeutic efficacy of Wedelia chinensis extract on animal models which are comparable with those of standard drugs such as Aspirin, Morphine and Indomethacin respectively.
  • Gharib Naseri Mk, Mazlomi H., Goshaiesh M., Vakilzadeh G., Heidari A Pages 131-136
    Zataria multiflora Boiss. is used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders and menrrhalgia. The inhibitory effect of this herb on rat ileum contractions is also reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. hydroalcoholic leaf extract (ZHLE) on isolated rat uterus in presence of some known uterus stimulants. Pieces of virgin adult rat uterus were mounted in an organ bath containing Tyrode or De Jalon solutions. Uterus contraction was induced by KCl, oxytocin and BaCl2 in presence and absence of certain concentrations of ZHLE. In the oxytocin studies, animals received an injection of oestradiol valerate (5mg/kg, S.C.) 24h prior to the experiment. ZHLE (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) relaxed the uterus precontracted by KCl (60mM) in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.0001) and at 2mg/ml attenuated the BaCl2 (4mM)-induced uterus contraction (P<0.001). The inhibitory effect of ZHLE on KCl-induced uterus contraction was unaffected by propranolol (1μM). In normal De Jalon solution, ZHLE (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1mg/ml) reduced the oxytocin (10mU/ml)-induced contraction dose-dependently (P<0.0001) but in Ca2+-free De Jalon solution, the stimulatory effect of oxytocin was lesser nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of ZHLE was higher. In presence of atropine (0.5μM), acetylcholine (0.5μM) was failed to induce contraction but KCl (30mM) evoked contraction and the extract diminished the contractile response of KCl. The spasmolytic effect of extract (2mg/ml) on KCl-induced contraction was unaffected by naloxone (1μM). From the obtained results it may be concluded that, the ZHLE may induce the inhibitory effect through blockage of the voltage dependent calcium channels and releasing calcium from intracellular stores in rat uterus smooth muscle. The ineffectiveness of propranolol and naloxone on ZHLE inhibitory effect indicates that adrenergic and opioid agonist substance(s) does not exist in the extract. It seems that there is no anticholinergic substance(s) in the extract. The results support the usage of this plant in traditional medicine.
  • Esmaeili S., Naghibi F., Mosaddegh M., Nader N Pages 137-141
    A high performance liquid chromatography method was studied for determination of 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) extract. The operating condition were C-18 reversed phase column (VP-ODS, (250×4.6 mm, 5 mm)) at room temperature, acetonitril/phosphoric acid (3/1) as mobile phase, at flow rate of 0.6ml/min (0-8min), 0.4ml/min (8-20min) and UV detection at 230 nm. The recoveries were %99.60-%102.81 with relative standard deviation between %0.01-%1.58. The relative standard deviation of the repeatability test was %2.96. The method is simple, rapid, safe, accurate, economical and useful for standardization of the licorice products.
  • Alavi Hr, Yasa N., Fouladi F., Shafiee A Pages 143-147

    The essential oils of Peucedanum ruthenicum M. Bieb. (Umbelliferae) leaves, flowers and fruits were prepared by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS and the composition of the three essential oils were compared. Thirty-three, thirty-seven and thirty-one compounds were identified in leaves, flowers and fruits essential oils representing 89. 13%, 88. 66% and 76. 45% of total oils respectively. The major components were thymol (18. 29%), β-bisabulene (13. 29%) for leaves oil, β-myrcene (10. 68 %) and germacrene-B (10. 06%) for flowers oil and caryophyllene oxide (13. 65%), 8, 9-dehydroisolongifolene (11. 33%) and 1, 8-cineol (11. 15%) for fruits oil. The amounts of monoterpens and sesquiterpenes were found nearly to be equal in oils of the three parts of plant.

  • Mirza M., Najafpour Navaei M., Dini M Pages 149-152
    Hydro-distilled volatile oils from the flowers and leaves of Eupatorium cannabinum L. which gathered in Touchal on Mountain Alborz (Tehran province) in Iran were investigated mainly by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Thirty-nine components were identified in the oils. The main constituents of the essential oils in flowers and leaves were germacrene D (27.3%, 37.1%), gemacrene B (12.4%, 11.7%) and β-caryophyllene (8.6%, 10.1%). Although the main components of all the oils are similar, their percentages are different.