دو ماهنامه سلامت کار ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (امرداد و شهریور 1396)

Dicloran pesticide is used to inhibit the fungal spore germination for different crops. Due to the increasing application of pesticides, evaluating the occupational and environmental exposures by reliable and accurate analytical methods is necessary. This work was aimed to design the high selective sensor to determine the dicloran in biological and environmental samples.
Multi-walls carbon nanotubes and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were used as modifiers in the senor composition. A dicloran MIP was synthesized and applied in the carbon paste electrode (CP). After optimizing the electrode composition, it was used to determine the concentration of analyte. Parameters affecting the sensor response, such as sample pH, electrolyte concentration and its pH, and the instrumental parameters of square wave voltammetry were selected following some experiments.
The MIP-CP electrode showed very high recognition ability for determining of dicloran in different matrices (tap water, river water, and urine). The obtained linear range was 1×10-6 to 1×10-9 mol L-1. The detection limit was 4.8×10-10 molL-1. No interfering effects was seen due to the other compounds in matrix.
Selective sensors can successfully used to determine the analyte of interest in different environmental and biological samples without special sample pretreatment before analysis.

According to the negative affect of occupational accidents on employees and organizations, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of two vital elements that less attention, personality with two dimension (extraversion and responsibility) and perceived working pressure on the creation of occupational accidents.
this study by the goal and data collection method, respectively is application and a description and specially is a cross-sectional survey. The population of this research is the National Iranian Gas Company Employees Over the 7659. The sample size was selected by sampling methods Quota, over the 431. Personality Adjusted Questionnaire by robbertz et al (2006) based on Neo personality model and perceived working pressure scale by Glendon and Litherland (2001) Have formed the research assessment tools and Data Collected were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression tests were analyzed.
Results showed a significant negative correlation between personality and perceived working pressure. Also Logistic regression analysis showed that the extraversion and responsibility have negative impact on occupational accidents and perceived working pressure has positive impact on occupational accidents (p the employee that More accountable and oriented output are less accident also with reduce of perceived working pressure can reduce the rate of occupational accidents.

sleep quality and fatigue are major aspects of human social life and can intrigue tension in healthcare workers, which ultimately causes dissatisfaction, quitting job and providing incorrect services to clients. This study aimed to determine the association between quality of sleep and chronic fatigue syndrome in nurses and radiology workers in hospital.
This cross sectional study was conducted in 2016. The statistical society consists of radiology employees and a control group (nurses) who were working in hospitals belonging to Yazd University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected by using questionnaire. Independent t tests, chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to analyze data.
The mean overall chronic fatigue syndrome was 77.4 ± 64.10 which the 39.17% (n = 16) of individuals suffered from chronic fatigue syndrome (7 radiology employees and 9 nurses). Moreover 61.82% (n = 76) of persons showed no Chronic fatigue (33 of radiology staff and 43 nurses). The overall score of quality for Radiology staff was significantly lower than nurses’ score (P=0.003). The average delay in falling asleep and using sedation pills in the radiology staff were significantly lower than nurses, (P=0.001) and (P=0.00) respectively. Also upper chronic fatigue syndrome linked to the increase in the overall quality of sleep, sleep latency, sleep disorders and functional disorders.
with respect to results, reduction in the quality of sleep causes increase of chronic fatigue syndrome in nurses. In addition, radiology staffs undergo better sleep quality.

Accidents happened as a result of LPG leakage emphasizes the importance of the consequence analysis of fire and explosion in LPG storage tanks. The purpose of this study is to analysis the consequences of fire and explosion in a cylindrical LPG storage tank in an oil and gas industry.

In this analytical study, four possible failure scenarios including 1) rupture in the cylindrical LPG tank 2) leakage from the loading line 3) leakage from the tank manhole and 4) undesirable opening of the safety valve, and their fire and explosion consequences were simulated by PHAST software. Then the results were compared with existing standards

The scenario of tank rupture leads to a radiation flux 37.5 kw/m2 affect a radius of 290 m from tank location that can cause major life and property losses. As the result of a flash fire due to the tanker rupture, there is a possibility of life-threatening to a radius of 520 m. An explosion (resulting from the tank rupture) with blast wave of 0.2 bar affect a radius of 2092 m that can cause the life and property losses. The scenario of leakage from the tank manhole leads to jet fire, explosion and flash fire. Also, the jet fire and flash fire will follow by the scenarios of leakage from the loading and undesirable opening of the safety valve.

With attention to severity the tank rupture and the likelihood of occurrence of the domino effect, it is recommended to substitute the horizontal cylindrical LPG tanks by the spherical ones. Also, an emergency response plan should be established based on the result of this study.

coal mines fire is one of the most important problems in all coal production countries. The purpose of the present study was the risk assessment of fires based on Fault Tree Analysis method in fuzzy environment in the coal mines.
In this research, according to a review of all the latest, known and credible studies about fires from around the world, many important and effective parameters were identified. Afterwards, the causes of firewere determined using FTA method. In order tocalculate the probability ofbasiceventsandeventually reach therate ofoccurrence ofthe topevent(risk of fire) andregarding this fact thatthe possibility ofachievingpreciselythe basic eventsinthefault tree of this event is difficultandwithuncertainty, so fuzzy logic and fuzzy numbers were used to assign probability weight to basic events. Then the probability of top event was determined using the appropriate equations. The critical Minimal Cut Sets (MCS) were determined using Fussell-Vesely equation.
The results showthatthe probability ofthe risk offirein Eastern Alborz Coal Mines is 39.38%, sothat it is thehighlevels ofrisktostaff involved inthisvital and important industry. The existence of gasandcoal dustin site ofwelding, was identifiedasthe most criticalparameter.
The using offuzzy logicinfault treeanalysis method increaseaccuracyand reduceuncertaintyincalculations. Also it makes the evaluationseasier.

The use of safety signs is one of the common methods of Informing and alerting the workers in relation whith type and severity of hazards in the workplace, These signs use to inform a person of danger And encourage him to do the protective measures. According to this, appropriate comprehension of safety signs in workplace is very important, The purpose of this study was evaluation of the perception of safety signs and related factors.
This Analytical-Descriptive study was done in 2013-2014 for 3 provinces in industrial region of Khuzestan, Fars, and Tehran. Samples in this study were 370 workers of these states who werent colorblind., this study use a standard questionnaire from international organization standard (ISO 9186-1) and American National Standards Institute understanding Criteria of safety signs(ANSIZ535.3)also the questionnaire of demographic information were be used. 13 safety signs were utilized for determination of the perception. Stratified – Random sampling methods for sampling and statistical test of Chi-Squer for analyzing data were applied, by means of SPSS (ver.16) and excel software.
The results showed that comprehension of safety signs divided by province and according to standards ANSI Z535.3 and ISO3864, Most of the correspondence respectively with 76% and 92%, related to the province Khuzestan, also results showed that all safety signs have a significant relationship between the perception of signs and type of industry P The results showed that the type of industry, educationand level and sex is factors which affecting the comprehension but shiftwork Can not Effective factor on safety signs perception, also with regards to, more than the standard illusive limit “Emergency exits” and “Wearing face shield “safety signs, redesign this sign is urgent need.

Assessment of performance indicator is one of the most important issues in the managerial systems that should be done in a correct way. The accuracy of the assessment is influenced by the assessor's judgment. This study was done in order to determine pattern of assessing of HSE unit performance in the steel industries.
In this study, 7 experts were defined indicators for assessing the performance of HSE units in the steel industry. Then, the weights of the indicators were obtained by fuzzy linguistic terms. Then, one of the largest steel industries was assessed by using normalized weights of the indicators.
the results of this study showed, that the most important index in Health domain is occupational disease control program (0.057) and the most important index in safety domain is fire hazard control program (0.062) and in Environmental domain was air pollution control program (0.054). Also, the results showed that the most common causes of reduced HSE unit performance were related to health and environment domains indices.
Results showed that the majority of safety indicators were influenced by HSE Managerial Systems in the short term; however, this system needs more time to show its efficacy in the Health and Environmental domains indicators.

Patient handling tasks are the major causes of musculoskeletal disorders, such as low back pain, among nursing staff. MAPO technique is a quantitative method of ergonomic evaluation that provides risk level of musculoskeletal disorders due to patient transfer in hospital wards by calculating MAPO index. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ergonomic evaluation of governmental hospitals in Qazvin city using MAPO method.
This cross-sectional study included 43 wards in 6 governmental hospitals in Qazvin city. Data were collected using the MAPO index checklist during an interview with the head nurse and on-site inspection of wards. Statistical analysis was performed using spss version 16.
Evaluation of hospitals by MAPO method revealed that 21% of hospital wards were at risk level 1, 46.5% at risk level 2 and 32.5% at risk level 3. The results indicated that there was not a significant difference between mean of MAPO Index values in studied hospitals (p = 0.0301) but there was a significant difference between mean of MAPO index values at types of wards investigated (p= 0.014). Among all studied wards, orthopedic had highest risk and NICU had lowest risk.
The effective factors on MAPO risk in hospital wards could be the absent, inadequate or insufficient of patient lifting devices, minor aids, wheelchair, structural features of environment (bathroom, toilet, patient room), and training of nurses according to patients handling number of nurses with regards to disable patients.

correspondence analysis method and preparation of accident and occupational hazards pattern enables forecasts and predictions of accidents and prioritizations of risks and injuries to be obtained automatically. The procedure for any company, regardless of its size is applicable. This study presents the first model accidents and occupational hazards as a first step to identify and predict accident in the workforces.
initially was collected reports of occupational accidents registered in the Social Security for a period of ten years (2005 – 2015) (222,300 accidents) and the type of risk and injury related to any of the accidents have been codified following the criteria of the International Labor Organization. In the next step, the average annual occupational accidents summarized in a contingency table, include of risk (R) as row and injury (A) as column, it called risk-injury matrix. Correspondence analysis was selected as the suitable method for optimizing the risk-injury matrix functions. Thus, we were used statistical software STATISTICA and correspondence analysis test for data analysis.
The obtained risk-injury group (the first pattern accidents and occupational hazards) include of six risks and seven injuries that the obtained pattern is composed of two dimensions: dimention1, with eigenvalue =0/562, dimention2, eigenvalue 0/419% is 78/6% of the total variance. The greatest affinities are contact with hot material (R11) with burn (A12); Accidents caused by burning and corrosive materials (R12) with other injuries (A18) and multiple injuries (A17); Contact with chemicals (R14) and accidents caused by toxic substances (R15) with gas shock (A14); Contact with electrical equipment (R13), explosions and fires (R17) with suffocation (A16) and poisoning (A13) and environmental hazards (A15) is the least affinity with other variables. Overall, mentioned variables have less affinity than other 23 variables.
This obtained risk-injury group includes all the of risk and injury variables related to the appearance of historically recent technological problems, the industrial revolution and scientific and technical development. In this group the Industrial accidents are identified in this group as risks associated with the work environment, and injuries being caused by the environment. This study is the first step to anticipate accidents and occupational hazards and prioritize risks and injuries and we can use these results fully to the goals came in the later stages.

Stress and depression are the main reasons for the decline in labor productivity. Due to the changes are very difficult in job stress factors, the role of personality variables that can soften the effects of these factors is very important.This study examined the mediating role of psychological hardiness and extraversion in the relationship between job demands and stress and depression have been conducted.
This study was descriptive-analytical study. The research sample consisted of 184 working men that selected via convenience sampling in Isafahan province and were completed the Morgeson and Humphrey’s knowledge characteristics(2006), revised Norwegian hardiness scale(Hystad et al, 2010), Beck depression inventory(1996), Warttig et al perceived stress(2013) and extraversion subscale in NEO_FFI(Costa & McCrae, 1989).
The findings of this research showed that in the relationship between job demands and job stress, hardiness(B=-0.366, sig=0.05)and extraversion(B=-0.155, sig=0.05) play perfect mediator role and psychological hardiness mediates perfectly the relationship between job demands and depression(B=-1.399, sig=0.05). In the basis of absolute, comparative and parsimony fit index; the final version of the research model has goodness of fit(GFI=0.925, TLI= 0.953, RMSEA= 0.056).
According to the results, for people with high hardiness, job demands are perceived as a challenge that must be engaged and control them. Therefore job demands for these people cant necessarily lead to stress and depression. Extroverts also due to positive emotions, social support and orientation to success, are consistent with job demands and these demands will not lead to stress in them. According to the results, it is recommended that companies and organizations in the process of selection and training in jobs with high job demands consider hardiness and extraversion.

In advanced management, human resources are the center of sustainable development. The main objective of the implementation of safety management systems, safety and the environment, ensure the deployment of these elements in the organization's strategies. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) is a system which is as integrated and synergistic arrangement of human resources , facilities and equipment and try to create a healthy and environment away from the accident, damage and waste. Safety climate is a term that describes a common vision of staff of how the safety management is used in the workplace. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between safety climate with an awareness level among employees of the HSE management system in oil refinery in Kermanshah.
The study population was employees in one of the oil refineries in Iran. After designing and questionnaire psychometric assessment of staff knowledge of HSE management system, Loughborough safety climate questionnaire was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software.
The results of this study showed a moderate awareness of HSE Management System in refinery workers (mean of 20.85). The relationship between safety climate and awareness level of HSE management system got significant.
The findings of this study showed the importance of regarding to demographic and occupational characteristic on safety climate and awareness level of HSE Management System. In this regard, appropriate and proper management policy should strive to improve the situation. The results of this study present a profile of the safety climate situation in the surveyed refinery, which can be used as a preventive indicator for providing and promoting policy and safety performance evaluation and of its results ,they use to improve organizations safety.

Noise is one of the harmful parameters of the industrial environments. It affects the human health in different aspects including harmful effects on hearing damage, vision, neurological and psychiatric, hormones, physiological and mental systems. Paying attention to the importance of hormonal effects on human body, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of noise exposure on variation of serum levels of Glucose and Cortisol at Syrian adult male mouse.
36 Syrian adult male mice were randomly selected in six experiment and control groups. The experimental group was at condition of exposure to noise with 90dB intensity in frequency range of 700-5700 Hz. The control group was at the same condition with injection of Streptozotocin (in amount of 60mg/kg). Cool Edit software was used for noise generation and control in 30days (8hours per day). Finally, the mice fasting Cortisol and blood pressure levels were measured 24h after finishing of the exposure period for mice of the both groups.
the present research indicated that the Glucose level had significant difference (P Exposure to noise with 90dB intensity at frequency range of 700-5700Hz can increase the serum levels of Glucose and Cortisol. Hence, variation indicated that diet with 1% of garlic has not affected the Cortisol hormone and blood sugar levels during the exposure period.

The work-related musculoskeletal injuries are important factors to hurt staff health. Many people suffer from work-related impairment and disability that create high costs for both employees and employers. There are various reasons to obvious musculoskeletal pains and psychological factors can be one of them. The main purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between psychological factors and musculoskeletal pains with respect to demographical variables in hospital staff.
This descriptive –analytical study consisted 264 out of 800 total population of staff who were randomly selected. 1.Demographical, 2.stress, 3.cognitive abilities and 4.Music questionnaires were used for data collection. The reliability and validity of questionnaires were fit with research purpose. Descriptive and inferential statistics (t and F tests) were employed for data analysis.
There were significant differences between staff cognitive abilities and job stress with respect to their musculoskeletal pains in back and neck but there were not found significant differences between staff cognitive abilities with their shoulders pain. There were significant differences between staff job stress and demographical variables (gender(P=0.01), marital status(P=0.05) and education(P=0.02)) and there were not found significant differences with their cognitive abilities.
Discussion and In general, it can be concluded that some employees such as nurses suffer from job stress and musculoskeletal pains who have cognitive abilities in the level of average and lower. Conversely, those people who have flexible thinking ability can utilize alternative explanation, reconstruct frame of their thoughts positively and accept challenging situations or stressful events. They are more resilience in comparison with people who are not flexible.their shoulders pain. There were significant differences between staff job stress and demographical variables (gender, marital status and education) and there were not found significant differences with their cognitive abilities.
In general, it can be concluded that some employees such as nurses suffer from job stress and musculoskeletal pains who have cognitive abilities in the level of average and lower. Conversely, those people who have flexible thinking ability can utilize alternative explanation, reconstruct frame of their thoughts positively and accept challenging situations or stressful events. They are more resilience in comparison with people who are not flexible.

Organizational justice has shown the perception of fairness and equality in the workplace by staff and responsibility is the ability of Health systems in response to people's non-medical expectations. One of the important components in a health care system is hospitals and the increased responsibility of hospitals is one of the factors affecting the perception of justice. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between organizational justice and responsibility in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study and the samples include 342 patients and employees of selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Organizational justice questionnaires and responsibility were used for data collection. Data were analyzed descriptively and Pearson Correlation Coefficient using SPSS.
The mean score of organizational justice of studied hospitals was 62.06 ± 15.17, and the mean score of responsibility was 104.12±19.20 that both of them were classified at the intermediate level. The result of Pearson Correlation Coefficient showed a direct significant relationship in all dimensions of organizational justice in compare with the dimension of responsibility (p According to direct significant relationship between organizational Justice and responsibility and their role in increasing the quality of services and understanding services provided for patients, it seems necessary to set policies in order to eliminate communication barriers between staff and patients and do actions to increase justice in organizations and consequently increase responsibility.

Although in the past, only theorization, conducting studies on the issue and application of positivism in the field of psychology were considered, these days, carrying out research on positivism in the field of organizational behavior has also been taken into consideration. In this regard, the objective of the present study was to examine the relationship positive organizational behavior with organizational citizenship behavior and quality of work life among faculty members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials: This descriptive study followed a correlation design. Using stratified convenience sampling method, 205 faculty members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in October 2015 were selected and studied through applying three questionnaires of Luthans et al.’s Psychological Capital Scale (2007), William and Anderson’s organizational citizenship behavior Scale (1991) and Walton’s quality of work life questionnaires (1973). To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis were used via SPSS21.
Mean score of positive organizational behavior (3/99±0/593), organizational citizenship behavior (3/76±0/876) and quality of work life (3/83±0/367) were all higher than the theoretical mean (3). Correlation coefficients of positive organizational behavior, self-efficacy, Resiliency, hope, optimism with organizational citizenship behavior were respectively 0/65, 0/607, 0/531, 0/616, and 0/636 (p By increasing Positive organizational behavior (self-efficacy, Resiliency, hope, optimism) organizational citizenship behavior and quality of work life of faculty members will also increase.