نشریه آبزیان زینتی
سال دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1394)

Garra rufa are freshwater fish that originate from the river basins of the Middle East. Its sucking mouth has an expanded lower lip that forms a round or oval sucking pad, which has sharp keratinised edges used for scraping food from the surface of submerged rocks and logs. This feeding method is the basis for their use in foot spa treatments, because the fish remove superficial scaly patches that develop on the skin of patients. There are different opinions about accuracy of fish therapy, but to demonstrate the negative and positive aspects of this method, more researches are needed, and the possibility of infections transfer should be revised. The purpose of this article is study of fish therapy by Garra rufa.

The islands have a unique ecological function similar to the terrestrial ecosystems. Islands led to the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems which is closed, during the specific satiety. Therefore all kind of ecological levels are biological indicators that reflect the evolution of ecological processes and systems are life-giving. Besides being in the midst of the sea, causing shallow coastal areas prepare them for the presence of biological databases such as coral reefs, beds of plants, algae, and aquatic breeding area is farmed environments including coastal and marine habitats are sensitive and potentially attract tourists. In general, the Iranian islands can be divided into two categories: the islands inland and offshore islands. Islands based on the location of the two islands, lake and river islands are indivisible. But offshore Islands in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, with the majority of them. In terms of the origin and genesis, the islands three coral reefs, deltaic sediment, and divided the Zagros anticline. The coral reefs of coral reefs on a long accumulation of calcareous shell or underwater reefs have been created and height. This area is one of the most important and the main habitat of aquatic organisms, especially fish collection encompasses as saltwater ornamental fish (marine) are of immense value.

The roles of nucleotides and metabolites in diets of bony, sturgeon, cold, warm and ornamental fishes have been sparingly studied for over 25 years. Beside possible involvement in diet palatability, fish feeding behavior and biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids, exogenous nucleotides have shown promise most recently as dietary supplements to enhance immunity and disease resistance of fish produced in aquaculture. Research on dietary nucleotides in fishes has shown they may improve growth in early stages of development, enhance larval quality via broodstock fortification, alter intestinal structure, increase stress tolerance as well as modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Fishes fed nucleotide-supplemented diets generally have shown enhanced resistance against viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Despite occasional inconsistency in physiological responses, dietary supplementation of nucleotides has shown rather consistent beneficial influences on various fish species. Although nucleotide nutrition research in fishes is in its infancy and many fundamental questions remain unanswered, observations thus far support the contention that nucleotides are conditionally or semi-essential nutrients for fishes, and further exploration of dietary supplementation of nucleotides for application in fish culture is warranted. Hypothesized reason(s) associated with these beneficial effects include dietary provision of physiologically required levels of nucleotides due to limited synthetic capacity of certain tissues (e.g. lymphoid), inadequate energetic expenditure for de novo synthesis, immunoendocrine interactions and modulation of gene expression patterns. However, currently there are numerous gaps in existing knowledge about exogenous nucleotide application to fish including various aspects of digestion, absorption, metabolism, and influences on various physiological responses especially expression of immunogenes and modulation of immunoglobulin production. Additional information is also needed in regard to age/size-related responses and appropriate doses and timing of administration. Thus further research in these areas should be pursued.

This study investigated the Onion Powder (OP) supplementation in the diet of the Gold fish (Carassius auratus) on the growth survival rate and feed efficiency that were carried out in eight weeks experimental period. Fish averaging 1.16 ± 0.09 g were randomly stocked into aquarium. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain onion powder at the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% for diets. In order to adapted to experimental condition. The optimal growth performance and feed efficiency were observed in fish fed the 0.5% onion powder diet. The highest survival rate in fish fed the 0.5% onion powder diet compared with the control (P

According to the achievements of research project titled as: Biodiversity of inland water fish species of Iran (2005-2010) some specimen of Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843 obtained from main rivers of North, Northwest and West of Iran by using of electrofishing as the main method for sampling. Obtained samples were fixed in formalin 10% and then transferred to laboratory. About 24 morphometric and meristic factors as well as 11 ratios of these two species were studied. Concerning to small size, beautiful colors, bars and pigments in mentioned fishes, it could be introduce to fish farmers as new aquarium fish.

During the last decade, aquaculture was among the fastest growing industry. Along with this growth and expansion, performing research projects on various aspect of ornamental fish aquaculture is of high importance. In spite of the extensive research on the effects of microbial dietary supplements include probiotics and synbiotics on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance, there is limited information regarding the possible effects and the mode of action of microbial dietary supplements on reproductive performance of ornamental fish. The results of previous studies regarding the effects of probiotics on reproductive performance of fresh water species like guppy (Poecilia reticulate), Mexican molly (Poecilia sphenops), green swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri), southern platyfish (Xiphophorus maculates) and zebrafish revealed beneficial effects of probiotics on reproductive performance. These results hint at a relationship between intestinal microbiota and the process involved in reproduction. However, the mechanism by with probiotics affect the reproductive performance has not been elucidated yet and merit further research.