مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 37، بهار 1387)

Today, increasing usage of microwaves generator sets such as cell phones, have been caused much worry related to their waves effects on human health. In this research, simulated waves effects of cell phones with frequency of 940MHz have been studied on hematopoiesis system of Balb/C mouse embryo. In an experimental study pregnant mice (Balb/C) were used as a laboratory model. The mice were divided into control, sham-exposed and experimental groups. The experimental groups were exposed to the waves on the 8th day of embryonic development for 4 or 10 days (everyday for 4 hours). At the end of treatment period, the experimental samples, sham-exposed and control related to morphology and histology studies of hematopoiesis organs were done by light microscope. Using t-test and Mann-Whitney test, the quantitative data were analyzed. Morphologic study of embryos which were 18 days old didn’t show any abnormality but the weight of experimental embryos (1.263±0.017 gr) compared with sham-exposed (1.268±0.006 gr) showed significant increase (P<0.05). The study of tissue sections in embryos which were 12 days old didn’t show significant change in tissue and cellular position of yolk sac of experimental samples as compared with control group. Also, tissue studies of embryos which were 18 days old didn’t show any changes in general structure of liver, spleen, marrow bone but the number of Megakaryocytes of spleen and erythrocytes which had not nucleus in bone marrow of experimental samples showed significant increase as compared with the sham-exposed. The number of erythrocytes in liver which had not nucleus also showed significant increase as compared with the sham-exposed (P<0.05). Waves of cell phones with frequency of 940MHz don’t affect on general structure of liver, spleen, bone marrow of Balb/C embryos but it causes significant changes in the number of cells of these tissues.

Understanding of characteristics of blood donors in time of crisis may help predicting of blood supply and safety in the emergency situation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Bam earthquake on bloods supply and safety in Shiraz blood transfusion organization (BTO) in 1382. This is a descriptive-analytical study that was done on all blood donors who referred to Shiraz BTO for blood donation after Bam earthquake. Demographic characteristics, the number of donations, and the prevalence of blood borne diseases related to the donation were compared before and after the earthquake. Using descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi-square), data were analyzed. During a couple of days in winter 1382 and following Bam earthquake, the number of blood donors who referred to BTO were1694, whereas, the numbers referred before the earthquake was 239. After earthquake the number of first time, single, female and low educational blood donors was more than normal condition (P<0.05). The prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBS after earthquake was 0.001%, 0.02% and 0.01% and the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBS in normal population was 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.1% that was less than normal condition (P<0.05). It seems that following the earthquake, the number of blood donations, their safety and supply were not face any significant problems.

Quality of life in congestive heart failure (CHF) patient’s comrade with declines mortality, psychosocial, physical and social restriction due to inability effect of the disease. So, the aim of this study was the assessment effected continuous caring and educational intervention (home visit) on quality of life in the CHF patients. In a clinical trial study, a total of 110 patients were selected and accidentally were put in two groups (experimental and control). Each group was equalized based on sex, age, education, living place, heart failure and ejection fraction. Then, experimental group was educated about heart failure disease, drugs being used, self care plan and life style that this educational plan followed by three home visits. In all of the patients, quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) was filled in two steps, in first study and six months after discharge. Data were analyzed using independent and pair t-tests. Before intervention, the results indicated that there was no difference in two groups base on six, age, education, living place, cardiac failure degree, ejection fraction and quality of life main score (P<0.05). But after the intervention, quality of life main score in domains physical function, limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems, vitality, social function, body pain and general health in intervention group were greater than control group (P<0.05). Pair t-test was detected quality of life main score after six months was increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group (P<0.05). Our results show that, nursing intervention and education in congestive heart failure patients base on need and life style improve physical status and quality of life of these patients.

Selection of mature sperm with normal morphology and chromatin structure is needed for assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedures. At present, various sperm separation methods exist to select mature sperm. The selection of mature sperm based on electrical charge of membrane is one of these methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Zeta potential for selection of normal sperm in term of morphology and chromatin structure integrity.

In this descriptive-analytical study, semen samples from 70 infertile couples referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility center were evaluated. Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO criteria. The remaining of semen samples were used for Zeta method. Then Sperm morphology, protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation were assessed using papanicolaou staining, chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining, and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, respectively. In addition, we compared the result of Zeta group with control group. Coefficients of correlation and paired-samples t-test were carried out using SPSS 11. 5, to compare results among between two groups.

The results of this study show that the mean of abnormal morphology٫ protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation were 88. 19±7. 37, 67. 17±17. 34, 32. 87±8. 65 in control group, and 80. 17±10. 26, 58. 40±18. 20, 18. 19±8. 64, in the Zeta group, respectively. Zeta group can decrease significantly the percentage of abnormal morphology, protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation compared to control group (P<0. 05).

Zeta method can be used in separation of mature sperm with normal morphology, normal protamine contained and intact DNA.

Teachers have the most important roles in education of young people in societies. Their quality of life (QOL) and Self-Efficacy (SE) can effect on their performance and consequently on their students, directly or indirectly. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of teachers` QOL and SE in different education levels. In a descriptive analytical study, 471 teachers that employed in the primary, secondary and high schools of Shahrekord city were selected in a cluster randomization. Self-efficacy was assessed by Schnauzer’s teacher’s SE scale and quality of life was evaluated by SF-36. The data collection was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyses using t-test, analysis of variance, Toki and Chai-square methods. Based on the findings, 92.5% of the participants were married, 84.6% were formal employees, and 97.9% had graduated from the universities. Besides, their mean age was 40.18±5.60 years and the average of their work experiences was 18.49±6.46 years. The mean score of the teachers’ QOL was 68.69±12.17 that the highest rate belonged to the primary school teachers and the lowest rate was seen in the secondary school teachers (P<0.01). Furthermore, the mean of the participants’ SE was 28.77±4.44 with the highest rate, in the primary school teachers and the lowest rate, in the high school teachers (P<0.05). According to the results, all of the participants in each education level had relatively good QOL and moderate professional SE. This study showed that there are a significant, positive relation between teachers` QOL and their professional SE. So it is important to assess and apply the appropriate methods to increase the SE of Shahrekord teachers.

Congenital malformations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and long term disability in infants. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of apparent major congenital malformations and some associated factors in terminated pregnancies in Hajar hospital of Shahrekord in 2005-2006. In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study, a total of 2854 pregnant women with gestation age of 16 weeks or more who referred to the hospital for termination of pregnancy or delivery was enrolled and interviewed using structured questionnaires. Congenital malformation and other information about their newborns were obtained from hospital chart. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, x2, T student and logistic regression model. Congenital malformation was observed in 72 of 2854 (2.5%) of the neonates studied. The most common congenital malformation was neural tube defects (19.8%). There was significant relationship between herbal drug use in first trimester (P<0.001), chronic diseases)P<0.01) environmental smoke (P<0.05), history of malformation in close relationships (P<0.05), proximity to power station (P<0.001) and trauma (P<0.05). But there was not significant association with maternal and paternal age, parity, gestational age, sex and number of newborn, maternal and paternal jobs, high fever in first trimester, treatment of infertility, problem in pregnancy and congenital malformation. The present study showed a high prevalence of congenital malformation among our population. Therefore, primary preventive programs could be initiated to reduce congenital malformation particularly education of pregnant women to avoid herbal, synthetic drugs, and environmental smoke.

Wound disruption after cesarean section is a common complication; and obesity has been identified as strong independent risk factor for wound complications. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that closure of the subcutaneous fat decreases the incidence of wound infection and disruption after cesarean delivery. In a clinical trial study conducted in Yazd, a hundred women with at least 2 cm of subcutaneous fat and cesarean delivery were included in the study. In 50 patients, subcutaneous tissue was closed using synthetic suture (group A), while in 50 control patients subcutaneous tissue was not closed (group B). Two groups were compare in relation to wound infection and disruption. Data were analyzed using student and X2 tests. Complications leading to wound infections (positive culture) were 2 women in group A and 5 women in group B (P<0.05) and disruption or opening of the incision were in 7 women in group A and in 17 women in group B (P<0.01). Closure of the subcutaneous tissue can significantly reduce the rate of postoperative wound disruption in women with at least 2 cm of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Fruit juices are becoming an important part of the modern diet among many communities. These juices can be contaminated with bacterial pathogens, leading to different gastrointestinal infections. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of bacterial contamination in orange and apple juices and its correlation with some other factors. In this descriptive–analytical study, 360 apple and orange juice samples produced of three internal factories with less than six and more than six months of production were examined microbiologically, from august to december 2006 in Shahrekord. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Chi –square test. We found a rate of 4.4% contaminated fruit juices with a mean total isolated bacterial count (TBC) of 1.45 x cfu/ml. Isolated Bacteria included Staphylococcus epidermidis in 10 (62.5%), Staphylococcus aurous in 3 (19%), Bacillus subtilis in 2 (12.5%) and Bacillus cereus in 1 (6%) samples. Data analyses revealed no significant difference between contaminated samples and kind of fruit juices or factories (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was detected between contaminated samples and production time (P<0.01). Based on our findings, we recommend consuming these products within six months of manufacturing as well as improving the maintenance and transporting conditions.

Fatigue is one of the pregnant women prevalent complaints during pregnancy. Physical, psychological and situational factors predispose the women to fatigue. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between intensity of fatigue and pregnancy outcome. In this analytical-descriptive study, a total of 180 pregnant mothers who had characteristics of survey units were selected by multistage sampling. They completed questionnaire from 32 week of gestation up to labor pain. Then, they were divided into 3 groups of mild, moderate and severe base on their fatigue scores. Age and birth weight determined with questionnaire and checklist and correlation between intensity of fatigue and delivery type, age and weight in birth with statistical tests were calculated. Based on the results, the frequency of mild, intermediate and intensive fatigue in the women were 37.77%, 35%, and 27.22%, respectively. The intensity of fatigue was correlated with delivery type (P<0.05, OR=1.07), neonatal age at birth (P<0.001, r=0.470) and birth weight (P<0.001, r=0.911). Fatigue in pregnant women is a main problem and has undesirable effects on its outcome. Therefore, attention to train and interventional care for reduction of fatigue is suggested.

Fatigue is the most frequent and disabling symptom in 92% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Fatigue interferes with daily functioning and prevents sustained physical exertion, limits work and social role performance, and is related to lower quality of their life. Complementary therapies are widely used in treatment of people with MS and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique (PMRT) is a form of complementary therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of applying PMRT on fatigue in MS patients.

In this Quasi-experimental study, a total of 66 MS patients were selected with convenient sampling according to specific criteria and then were divided randomly into two groups of experimental and control (33 patients in each group). PMR performed for 63 sessions on experimental group during two months but no intervention was done for control group. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Self report checklists. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software and use of paired-t test, student-t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation between variables.

Student t-test showed that there was no significant difference between two groups in mean scores of fatigue before the study but this test showed significant difference between the two groups, one month (4.69±1.03 and 5.43±0.96, P<0.01) and two months (4.09±1.06 and 5.43±1.08, P<0.001) after intervention, respectively. ANOVA test with repeated measurements showed that there is a significant difference in mean score fatigue between two groups in 3 times (P<0.01).

The results of this study showed that PMR is practically feasible and could decrease fatigue of MS patients, so that applying this technique offered to these patients.

Researches show that substance abuse, aids and their interaction have negative effects on people. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychological disorders as well as quality of life of 4 groups of men: drug-using, drug-using HIV-infected, non-drug using HIV infected and a reference group of healthy men. Study samples consisted of 350 subjects from 4 groups of men: drug-using, drug-using HIV infected non-drug using HIV infected and a reference group of healthy men (100 in each group except for the reference group which consisted of 50 subjects). Study was applied by means of SCL-90 and SF-36 questionnaires. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was employed in order to compare the data obtained from the four groups of subjects. Results of the study showed that there were significant differences among the four groups of the subjects in all of the components of SF-36 and in all of the SCL-90 scales. Compared to the healthy group of subjects, drug-using, drug-using HIV infected and non-drug using HIV infected had higher scores in SCL–90 questionnaire and lower scores in SF-36 questionnaire. Substance abuse and aids have negative effects on individuals’ psychological health and quality of life. To prevent substance abuse, aids, and their negative effects, comprehensive programming and creation of a new understanding of these two are essential.

Hydatid cyst has been studied in different aspects during last two decades in Iran and reported from the most areas of the country. However national prevalence of infection is not well documented. Therefore, in this paper different articles about epidemiology of hydatid cyst have been reviewed from 1985 to 2005 to present roughly the current national situation of the disease. In this review article, different reports about epidemiology of hydatid cyst have been reviewed from 1985 to 2005. Based on infection of dog, livestock and human with this parasite, the epidemiological data about hydatid cyst were gathered and the distribution of this parasite in Iran was presented. According to the published papers mean infection rate in 7582 examined dogs for Echinococcus granulosus was 32.7%. In livestock host the mean infection rate in 205161 sheep, 116840 goat, 54745 cattle, 1027 camel and 250 buffalo was 19%, 11.5%, 17.8%, 34.6% and 18.2% respectively. In man 46 case reports about presence of hydatid cyst in different organs have been published. Also, 2052 surgical operations during the last two decades have been conducted which indicate infection rate equal to 4.8 operations per 100000 populations per year. Furthermore, several seroepidemiological studies were performed in different parts of country and the mean seroepidemiological rate was 4.42%. In the last two decades prevention programs were conducted to control the disease with collaboration of health system and veterinary system in Iran. However data resulted from this review article imply on relatively high prevalence of infection. The religious custom of sacrifice should be considered in control program.

It has been elapsed 30 years after first percutaneoas transluminal coronary angioplast (PTCA) was done by Grundizing, during which large improvements was achieved in the procedure so that the majority of patients return to their life after PTCA and or stenting. PTCA is associated with success rate of 90% and major complications of less than 5%. The major complication of PTCA is abrupt closure of dilated vessel, symptoms include 1) anginal chest pain 2) EKG changes 3) hypotension 4) arrhythmias 5) cardiac arrest. This paper reports a rare case of left anterior descending (LAD) dissection extending to left main stem (LMS) which was dramatically responded to coronary stenting (LAD,LCX,LMS).