مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 46، تابستان 1389)

Many researches have shown a relationship between levels of βHCG in pregnancy and preeclampsia which can be used as a method for early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between levels of HCG in second trimester of pregnancy and preeclampsia. This study was conducted as a Nested case control study. Blood samples were taken from 1200 pregnant women who were in their second trimester of pregnancy and were admitted for prenatal care in Arak prenatal clinics. After isolation of serums blood samples were stored in -20◦C until delivery time. Finally serum HCG levels blood pressure proteinurea edema seizure and neonate statue were analyzed in 50 preeclamptic women (case group) and were compared with 50 normotensive women (control group). All women were complicated with mild preeclampsia. The mean of the βHCG in preeclamptic women was 43.08±32.56 Iu/ml and means of HCG in normotensive women was 27.48±25.97 mu/ml (P

Carbon dioxide (Co2) is used during laparoscopy for producing pneumoperttoneum. Combination of this gas with irrigation fluid in the abdomen produces carbonic acid which creates two kinds of abdominal and referred pain to right shoulder. In the present research we have studied the effect of oral acetazolamide in reducing postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This clinical trial was performed in 88 patients with cholelithiasis without any complication that were candidate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients devided randomly and equally in two groups. The experimental group received Acetazolamide (250mg orally 24 hours before surgery every 8 hours) and control group received placebo. Abdominal and shoulder pain measured using Mc Gill pain score by a person who was blind for both groups. Pain measurement was performed in four different times before and after the surgery discharge from recovery and 24 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software. We observed that mean pain scores was significantly higher in acetazolamide group compared to the placebo group 24 hours after the operation (P0.05). Although acetazolamide can reduce abdominal pain referred to right shoulder by reducing acidity in peritoneal irrigation fluid but this drug can increase abdominal pain in the site of surgery with damaged tissues by producing tissue acidosis (as a side effect of drug).

According to controversial results between migraine headaches and binocular vision anomalies this study was designed to investigate the relationship between some parameters of binocular vision refractive errors and migraine headache. In this case-control study 30 patients with neurologically diagnosed migraine who had inclusion criteria were selected as case group and 30 persons with no migraine headache were selected as control group. First patients were screened by standard headache questionnaire and diagnosis refined by neurologist. The Refractive errors were determined by retinoscopy and were corrected. Then near point of convergence jump convergence stereopsis fusional reserves and far and near deviation were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS.15 software using Man-Withney U test and multiple logistic regressions. The mean of near phoria stereopsis far positive fusional reserve far negative fusional reserve near positive fusional reserve near negative fusional reserve in case and control groups were 6.5±2.85 8.3±6.72 pd 49.0±26.11 154.17±333.82 sec/arc 10.7±2.76 6.07±5.07 18.2±4.7 11.0±7.37 16.5±4.49 13.97±8.72 22.7±5.22 and 14.67±9.25 pd respectively. The means of above parameters and jump convergence was significantly different between two groups (P0.05). In multiple logistic regression only jump convergence far positive fusional reserve and near positive fusional reserve stayed in model (P

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays pivotal role in HDL metabolism and in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway. CETP gene variants such as -629C/A that affect HDL cholesterol directly modulates CETP gene tranh1ional activity. This study was aimed to determine influence of -629C/A polymorphism of CETP in statin effects with regard to plasma HDL cholesterol levels. In this deh1ive-analytical study 196 adult patients with LDL-C more than 120mg/dL were divided into two groups base on lovastatin and atorvastatin using. Lipid profile was measured in all subjects before and after treatment and -629C/A polymorphism of CETP promoter was studied using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Data were compared with paired t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software. Cholesterol was decreased and HDL was increased in AA genotype more than other genotypes by lovastatin but ApoA1 was increased in CC genotype. ApoA1 also was increased in CC genotype more than AA or AC genotypes by atorvastatin. In CC genotype lovastatin and specially atorvastatin increased ApoA1 in HDL particles more than other genotypes. Therefore treatment with lovastatin and atorvastatin is more effective in patients with CC genotype for raising HDL particles activity.

Cryptosporidium a zoonotic parasite with various hosts is well recognized as pathogen in humans particularly those with immune-suppression or immune-deficiency. The epidemiologic considerations for cryptosporidiosis emphasize on transmission of resistant oocystes via drinking water vegetables food etc. The present study was undertaken to study the Cryptosporidium contamination in lettuce from different regions as a source of infection for human beings in Shiraz. In a deh1ive–analytical study the cryptosporidium contamination of 200 lettuce samples from four different rigions was investigated during spring and summer 2006. All samples were processed and examined using modified Ziel-Neilsen staining and also by a quantitative method for counting oocystes per sample. From a total of 200 samples forty seven samples (23.5%) were positive. No significant difference was seen between contamination rate of lettuce and seasons except for samples from Jahrom where showed higher contamination rate in spring than summer. In addition no significant difference was observed among oocytes count in different samples except for lettuce from Ahwaz in summer with higher parasite intensity. Regarding to the high contamination of lettuce with Cryptosporidium as well as to sanitary washing of vegetables before consumption taking special procedures appear to be helpful for reducing the contamination rate at the farm level.

Different diagnostic factors of colon and rectal cancer (CRC) affect the survival of patients prognosis and consequently treatment application. The rate of colorectal cancer is being increased in Iran especially in younger ages made it more valuable to study this type of cancer. However evaluation of the risk factors of the cancer as a whole would not provide thorough understanding of the cancer. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine specific risk factors affecting colon and rectum cancers A total of 1219 patients with CRC diagnosis according to the pathology report of cancer registry of RCGLD from 1 January 2002 to 1 October 2007 were entered into the study. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) parametric survival model with frailty utilizing STATA statistical software. Based on the results of this analysis for colon cancer females patients without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with poorly differentiated tumor grade and patients pathologic with stage of I had higher survival probability. For these patients there was not any correlation between history of alchol consumption and the size tumor. In the rectal cancer patients with surgery as the kind of first treatment used had higher survival probability. For these patients personal history and pathologic stage weren’t statistically significant. In addition in both types of cancers 25-29.9 and over than 30 categories of body mass index (BMI) had higher survival probability respectively and patients with BMI less than 18.5 had lower survival probability. In general the survival rate in rectal cancer patients was higher than those with colon cancer. Site-specific evaluation of colon and rectum can lead to a deeper understanding of factors affecting these cancers. It may help design the clinical trials better diagnosis of diseases and optimal administration of specific treatments.

The incidence of prelingual hearing loss (HL) is about 1 in 1000 neonates of which, more than 60% of cases are inherited. Non-syndromic HL (NSHL) is extremely heterogeneous: more than 100 loci have been identified. The most common form of NSHL is the autosomal recessive form (ARNSHL). Here, we have investigated CX26 (GJB2) and CX30 (GJB6) gene mutation and linkage analysis of 3 known loci in Iranian families. A cohort of 36 big ARNSHL pedigrees from 7 provinces of Iran was investigated. All of the families were examined for the presence of GJB2 and GJB6 (del D13S1830 and del D13S1854) mutations using direct sequencing and multiplex PCR, respectively. The negative mutations pedigrees for the above- mentioned mutations, were then tested for the linkage to the 3 known loci, including DFNB3(MYO7A), DFNB4(SLC26A4) and DFNB7/11(TMC1), using STR markers and conventional PCR and PAGE. Six families had GJB2 mutations. No GJB6 mutation was found. Totally, 3 families showed linkage to DFNB4 and 1 family was linked to DFNB7/11. DFNB1 (GJB2) and DFNB4 are the main causes of ARNSHL in our study samples and GJB6 mutations are apparently absent in the Iranian population

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a main problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. Thus searching for alternative drug is essential in Iran and particularly Chaharmahal va bakhtiari province. People use medicinal smokes such as donkey dung and Peganum harmala seed smokes for treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial property of donkey dung and Peganum harmala seed smokes on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. In this interventional and laboratory study groups of Peganum harmala seed smoke and donkey dung were considered as case groups and antibiotic disks as positive control group. Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in suitable medium (Blood Agar EMB and Mueller-Hinton agar). Antibiobiogram blank disks were fumigated separately with Peganum harmala seed and female donkey dung smoke then placed on microbial plate with sterile methods. Following 48 hours incubation at 37°C the zone of growth inhibition evaluated by measuring the zone around the disks. Fumigation process was done in special chest that designed for this research. We repeated fumigation each 20 minutes for 24 times. Data about measuring the zone of growth inhibition were analyzed by using and mean statistic exam. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Peganum harmala seed and fdonkey dung smokes and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was sensitive to female donkey dung smoke. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to cloxacilllin and Pseudomonas aeroginosa was sensitive only to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The increasing time of fumigation in sensitive cases enhanced antimicrobial effects and the zone of growth inhibition. Antimicrobial effects of donkey dung smokes on resistance pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeroginosa Staphylococcus aureus revealed the necessity of performing expanded research about composition and property of this smoke.

The aging of the society and the senility highlights the issues related to this period of life. Depression is a common problem in elderly period. This study aimed to investigate the level of depression among the elderly population. In this deh1ive-analytical study all the residents of Shaystegan and Jahandidegan nursing homes which were under the supervision of the State Welfare Organization in Shahrekord were studied. The data was collected using the standard Beck questionnaire for depression and analyzed using Pearson correlation Mann-Whitney and Cruscal-valis tests. The average age of the study population was 68.7±16.1 year and the average depression scale was 23.11±9.2. Based on the results 64.9% were slightly depressed 15.8% were moderately depressed 15.8% showed no sign of depression and only 3.5% were severely depressed. According to these findings significant relationship was seen between age marital status and the level of depression

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and serious clinical problem in newborns. Previous studies have suggested that jaundice may be one of the signs of a UTI in infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence age presentation severity of jaundice signs and complications of UTI in newborns with asymptomatic unexplained indirect hyperbilirubinemia in the first month of life. This case-control study was conducted at the Neonatal intensive care unit Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad from May 2004 to April 2009. We evaluated asymptomatic jaundiced infants for the evidence of having UTI. Some laboratory tests such as a serum fractionated bilirubin level as well as urinanalysis and a urine culture were performed in all patients. Renal ultrasound was performed in almost all the cases with UTI. Detailed questionnaires which were included demographic information prenatal intrapartum postnatal events and risk factors were filled. The control group was jaundiced- infants with unknown etiology. A total of 1487 patients were enrolled in this study. From these patients 1061 infants were evaluated for UTI. There was a statistically significant difference (P