مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، مهر و آبان 1391)

The application of tapping has been widely used by physiotherapists for many years as a useful rehabilitation program in the treatment of a wide variety of neuron musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore the aim of this study was to answer whether Tapping has the same effects on fast jerking muscles motor neurons as it affects slow muscle or not?

In this semi-experimental study, Fifteen non-athletic healthy volunteers with the age of 27.7 ± 3.4 years old in the way of available sampling were assessed. After cutting and preparing, the Y-strip Kinesiotape was applied on insertion of Achill Tendon toward medial and lateral head of Gastrocnemious muscles. The H-Reflex was used for assessment of motor neurons recruitment curve of soleus and lateral gastrocnemious muscles. Percutaneously 40 electrically pulses with duration of 1 millisecond and 3 stimulations per each stimulus intensity were induced on Tibial nerves and H-Reflex recruitment curve were recorded in 4 phases. In order to compare the parameters between two muscles the ANOVA repeated measurement was used.

The required intensity to record thelast H-Reflex in recruitment curve was significantly decreased in lateral Gastrocnemious compare with Soleus, 5 minutes after tapping (P=0.01) and 15 minutes after stopping the tap (P=0.03). There was a significant difference in the average changes in other variables. But There was a significant difference in all other variables inlateral gastrocnemious compare with soleus muscle (P<0.05).

Tapping has more facilitative effects on lateral Gasterosoleus muscle specially type I motoneurons and to some lesser extent in soleus motoneurons. Therefore it seems that Tapping can be more used to facilitate fast muscles.

Manganese related jobs (Mn miners) may cause Manganism, a Parkinson like disease. Chelators are suggested to reduce these effects. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 4-Amino Salicylic acid chelating effects. This experimental study was done on 20 adult male Wistar rats. The rats were classified into four groups, 5 in each group, as follows: one control and three experimental groups. In two phases the groups received Salin-Salin, Manganese-Salin, Salin-4-Amino acid and Manganese -4-Amini acid, respectively. Eight mg/kg of manganese chloride i.p. injection for 1 week and 1.5g/l of PAS s.c injection five-day in a week for four weeks, were used for intoxication and treatment, respectively. Serum and liver tissues were separated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Biochemical factors showed cholesterol increment in group 2 compared with group 1 and decrement of cholesterol level in the blood of group 4 compare with group 2 (P<0.01). Also increasing the direct billirubin in the Mn and PAS groups was more significant compared with control group (P<0.05). Billirubin was observed in the urine of the Mn, PAS, Mn+PAS groups and urobilinogen declining was decreased in the urine of these groups (P<0.05). There was a significant increase (P<0.05) of OT, PT enzymes in the serum of PAS and ALP in the Mn and Mn+PAS groups compared with control group. PAS can play a significant role in reducing destructive effects of Mn, especially on liver but has different side effects, like other chemical drugs.

Several studies have shown that many pregnant women use medicinal plants during pregnancy without knowing some of those teratogenic effects. One of these plants is Stachys lavandulifolia that is used for many health treatments. The teratogenic effect of this plant has not been established yet. Therefore in this study the teratogenic effect of Stachys lavandulifolia was investigated in Balb/c mice. In this experimental study, 60 female Wistar rats (30-40 gr, 8-12 weeks old) were randomlydesignated into 6 groups. (2 control and 4 case groups). Pregnancy was confirmed with vaginal plaque. The doses of 50,100,150 and 200 mg/kg of the extracts of Stachys lavandulifolia vahl were injected intra peritoneal (i.p.) to pregnant mice from the 7th to 12th days of pregnancy. The fifth group received saline and theSixth group (control group) received nothing. In the 18th day of the pregnancy the fetuses were removed from the uterine tubes and their weight and height were measured by digital scale and Kullis, then they were painted by red alizarin and their skeletal disorders were checked. Data were analyzed with Chi square and Kruskal Wallis and Dunn post hoc tests. Using different doses of hydro alcoholic extract of Stachys lavandulifolia the fetal growth was impaired and this impairment increasesd with increased doses of the extract (P<0.01). In the dose of 200 mg/kg inter parietal bone was not observed in 40% of embryos (P<0.01), regarding the extra rib there was no significant difference between groups. In the case of having additional rib, no significant difference was found between the groups. Stachysl lavandulifolia extract has teratogenic effect and using it causes growth retardation and stopping the inter parietal bone formation. Therefore it should be considered as contraindication or use with caution, in pregnancy.

Children of divorce are exposed to so many problems such as: psychiatric disorders, failing to have social communication and personality disorders. The purpose of life skill program is to improve psycho-social skills in order to cope and interface with new and routine challenges and circumstances in life. This study was conducted to assess the effects of life skills training on mental health problems of children of divorce.

In This interventional study, 60 children of divorce were randomly selected from Shahrekord city and divided into two groups of intervention and control, 30 in each group. After completing the pre-test SDQ questionnaire, the intervention group was trained for life skills with emphasis on the problems of divorce. Again after two months of study the SDQ questionnaires were completed. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, pair t-test and Chi square.

In comparison between interventional group and control group, before training, there was not a significant difference between the mean scores of emotional symptoms, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, problems between peers and good social behavior and the total score (P>0.05). After training the mean of, conduct disorder, peer problem and total score were significantly decreased in the intervention group (P<0.05).

Holding the group and face to face meeting on life skill training with stressing on the children of divorce is an important factor in increasing the mental health of children and their families.

Anthrax is a common disease in human and livestock caused by Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus anthracis has two strong immunogen proteins: Protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor domain I (LFD1) that has been always considered as a candidate vaccine against Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this study was to express the lethal factor domain I in Escherichia coli. In this laboratory experimental study, the gene of LFD1 was detected and amplified from pXO1 plasmid by PCR. The gene was cloned with Bam H I and Xho I restriction site in cloning vector (pGEM-T easy), after isolation was sub cloned to expression vector pET28a(+). This vector was transformed to E. coli-BL21 (DE3) to express LFD1 gene. The expression of LFD1 gene was induced by IPTG, and LFD1 protein was produced. The cloned LFD1 gene in pET28a(+) vector was confirmed by sequencing, PCR and enzymatic analysis. The expressed recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. According to immunogenicity of LFD1 protein, the produced recombinant protein can be used separately or in combination by adjuvants and delivers to design a vaccine against anthrax.

One of the most important problematic issues in modern medicine is relieving the post operative pain. The pharmacological management of acute postoperative pain has been traditionally based on various regimens of opioids or NSAIDs. Considering the side effec

Leeches biting is of newfangled zoonosis parasitic disease that the most dangerous complication with their biting is incidence of anemia. There have not been found a drug for treatment the leech's complications in the pharmacopeia of different nations. Onion and Garlic are of the most widely used plants in the traditional medicine for treatment of anti-parasite plants. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of methanol extracts of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. on Limnatis nilotica. In this experimental study the anti Limnatis nilotica effects of garlic methanol extract (Allium sativum L.) and onion methanol extract (Allium cepa L.) on leech, were investigated by anti leech assay. The anti leech assay was carried out in a container contain of 600 ml spring water and a leech in that. The time of paralysis and death was recorded for 720 minutes. Each experiment was repeated for 9 times. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the garlic methanol extract with dose of 300 mg with the mean death time of 80.44±8.61 minutes and levamisole with the average death time of 8.77±2.72 minutes caused the leeches to death (P<0.05). Treatments of onion methanol extract with dose of 300, 600 and 1200 mg and distilled water hadn’t any effect on leeches (P<0.05). Considering the normality of garlic extract and the short time that it causee the leeches to death, it might be used as an edible plant with the anti leech effect

Conjunctivitis is one of the most prevalent ophthalmic diseases. The most feasible treatment of that is using antibiotics. According to arising bacterial resistance to usual antibiotics and their side effects, and using of tea as a healing for ophthalmic diseases base on the traditional beliefs, this study was done to evaluate the antibacterial effect of tea on conjunctivitis diseases.

In this experimental study, patients suffering from conjunctivitis were sampled from the ophthalmology clinic in Shahrekord, Iran. Samples were transferred to the microbiology lab and were subjected to differential culture media and diagnostic tests. Ten samples from each group (totally 30) were isolated from each of the three bacteria including S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumonia. These strains were separately tested using the pour plate technique with different dilutions of black tea extract. In addition, antibiograms were performed using standard antibiotic disks including vancomycin, Chloramphenicol, Oxacillin, Cefazolin and Ciprofloxacin. Data were analyzed using Chi square, t test and ANOVA.

Findings of this study showed that tea extract had a dose dependant inhibatory effects on bacterial growth (P<0.05). This antibacterial effect exists in densities of 50. This effect had a rise in shifting from 50 to 100 mg/ml (P<0.05).

According to this study's findings and comparison with similar previous studies, we might suggest tea extract as an antibacterial drug in conjunctivitis

Stress and anxiety are important factors that can highly affect athletes’ performance. They can also influence the mental and physical heath of the athletes. The aim of this study was to compare the stress-coping styles in two groups of athletes and non-athletes and evaluating its relationship with their mental health. One hundred athletes were selected randomly and 100 non-athletes were voluntarily participated in this study. Both groups answered the standard Yoo coping-styles and Goldberg general health questionnaires. Relevant statistical tests were used for data analysis. Athletes in comparison with non-athletes used problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles more frequently, but, they used avoidant-coping styles less frequently (P<0.01). Also, in the former group, while the application of problem- and emotion-focused coping-styles were correlated with increase in mental health, avoidant-coping styles were correlated with decrease in mental health. In contrast, in non-athletes, using problem-focused and avoidant coping styles were correlated with increase and decrease in mental health, respectively (P<0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that stress-coping styles could largely predict the mental health variation in athletes and non-athletes groups (P<0.05). Findings of this study provide more support for the importance of coping styles and its relationship with mental health in stress situations such as sport fields.

Daily development of medical sciences, innovation the modern method, need in acquisitig the diagnosis and treatment skills and up to date the physicians information, leads to retraining program or continious program in this field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physician's viewpoints of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province about efficiency of continuous medical education courses for providing an appropriate model. Two hundred ninty one physician occupied in public or non-public units in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were selected randomly. The data were collected using a likert five options questionnaire and then they were analyzed using uni variant t test, independent t-test and ANOVA. Kronbakh Alpha was used for testing the reliability. (α=0.86) The results indicated that continuous medical education courses influence the respondent's efficiency, change and innovation, familiarity of physicians with aims and strategies, increasing efficiency and phsician's motivation (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between the efficiency and respondent's training course, the respondant's age and the empiricism background of respondants (P<0.05). The finding shows that, in the respondants point of view, holding the continous medical training affects the efficiency, change and innovation, familiarity with aims and strategies, increasing efficiency and increasing the physicans motivation

Mutations in RB1 gene may lead to retinoblastoma which is the most common solid intraocular tumor in under-six year old children. To date, a wide spectrum of the mutations has been reported in the splicing of RB1 which either affect splicing sequences or splicing regulatory elements. This report introduces a new mutation in RB1and its influence on the splicing of mRNA. Case report: In the present survey, mutation analysis was done in an Iranian patient with sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma using direct sequencing and MLPA. Also, RB1 gene splicing pattern was analyzed by RT-PCR method. As a result, a same-sense nucleotide change (g.70 320C>T) was found near the 5' end of exon 12. This alteration disrupts the consensus sequence of an exonic splicing enhancer and changes the binding site of SC-35 protein. Structural analysis of cDNA in this patient showed the disruption of normal splicing pattern and the skipping of exon 12 from the RB1 transcript. Based on these findings, it may be reasonable to conclude that the above nucleotide change could be a pathogenic mutation. Also, for the first time we report an evidence for the presence of an exonic splicing enhancer in the exon 12 of the RB1 gene.

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which presented with multiple organ involvement including exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and bone marrow failure. Liver involvement is less common sign and may be missed. In this study we report an infant with SDS and liver involvement. Case report: An 11 month old infant boy, with acute diarrhea, dehydration and disorders in weight gaining and fatty defection was referred to hospital when he was 4 months old. He was checked because of his big liver and increment of liver enzymes. Considering the fatty stool, osteopenia, patient's abnormal face, appearing neutropenia and being dropped the fibreosis cystic disease diagnosis, so Shwachman diamond syndrome was diagnosed Introducing this patient beside diag nosis this rare diseases which will be result in retardation of children growth, also recall the liver involvement sometimes results in initial manifestation of growth retardation.