مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 71، خرداد و تیر 1393)

Aloe vera (AV) (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a tropical plant which has been introduced for healing of burns and wounds. The current study was aimed to assess the effects AV mucilage on wound healing process in mouse damaged skin.

In this experimental study، 30 balb/c male mice with weight range 22±2 gr were divided into 5 groups without wound)negative control (، wound treated with physiological serum for a period of 8 days) sham-operated (، wound treated with physiological serum for a period of 16 days، wound treated with Aloe mucilage for a period of 8 days (experimental) and wound treated with Aloe mucilage for a period of 16 days (experimental). Two equal full-thickness wounds of 10±2 mm were made with taking full-thickness skin. On 8th and 16th post wounding day، sampling was performed to assess IGF (insulin-like growth factor) receptor gene expression by RT-PCR and histological changes. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and (Tukey’s hsd post hoc) statically tests.

AV mucilage treatments significantly increased IGF gene expressions compared to sham-operated group during 8 and 16 days following wounding (P<0. 05). AV treatments elevated re-epithelization production with increased mitotic activity in fibroblasts، fibrocytes، collagen fibers and angiogenesis in damaged areas.

AV mucilage may use as a strength wound healer to heal skin damages in many kinds of animal skin damages.

The sport exercises include a potential to prevent breast cancer. The aim of this study was assessing the prophylactic effect and adjuvant therapy of exercise on cytokines involved in angiogenesis in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

Thirty- two female Balb/C mice were randomly assigned in 4 groups. After orientation in the environment, two groups of mice performed continuous endurance exercise for 8 weeks, and then estrogen-dependent MC4L2 cancer cells were injected to them. After that, one group of each of trained and non-trained mice performed endurance exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper weekly. Finally, the mice were sacrificed; tumor tissue was removed. Tumor sample was homogenized and the level of IL-6 and VEGF were measured using ELISA.

There was a significant difference in the level of IL-6 and VEGF among the groups and tumor growth (p<0.001). The level mean of IL-6 and VEGF cytokines and tumor growth in groups performing endurance exercise after malignancy (RTE and ETE) was lower than groups not performing (ETR and RTR),(P<0.05).

Due to reduction of the level of these cytokines in groups doing exercise before and after malignancy, exercise training is presumed to have adjuvant therapy in estrogen-receptor dependent tumors in addition to very effective prophylactic role.

Neurons are injured under physical, chemical and pathological conditions. The effects of injuries in peripheral nervous system return as retrograde to the cell body of neurons in central nervous system and cause brain and spinal degeneration. This study was done to determine the neuro-protective effects of aqueous extract of Salvia chloroleuca leaves on degeneration of alpha motoneurons in spinal cord after sciatic nerve compression in rats. This experimental study was carried out on 24 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups each consisting six members: control, compression, compression with treatment of 50 mg/kg aqueous extract, and compression with treatment of 75 mg/kg aqueous extract. In control group, muscle slitted without injury in the area of sciatic nerve. In compression group and treatment groups, the right leg sciatic nerves got through compression for 60 second. The first extract injection was done intraperitoneally immediately after compression and the second interaperitoneal injection was done 7 days later. 28 days after compression, the Lumbar spinal cord was dissected, fixed and stained with toluidine blue. After tissue processing, 7 micron serial sections stained with toluidine blue, the neurotic density in each group was compared with the compression group. The results indicated that neuronal density had a significant reduce in compression group and control group (P<0.001). Also, in treatment groups C and D, it had a significant increase compared to the compression group (P<0.001). The aqueous extract of Salvia chloroleuca has neuroprotective effect on spinal cord alpha motoneurons after injury. This could be due to growth and regeneration factors present in the aqueous extract of Salvia chloroleuca leaves that induce regeneration process in injured neurons and prevent degeneration intensity.

Anthracyclines are the main treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, but the use of them is limited by their side effects like cardiotoxicity. Using of polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin by folate receptors in acute myeloid leukemia can reduce these side effects. This study was aimed to compare the cytotoxic effect of β-cyclodextrin and dextran micelles loaded with doxorubicin in KG-1 cells. In this laboratory experimental study, retinoic acid, cyclodextrin, folic acid, retinoic acid, dextran and folic acid conjugations were synthesized by esterification. Loading of drug in the micelles was done by direct dissolution method. Micellar nanoparticles which were optimized according to their size, zeta potential, loading efficiency and release efficiency of doxorubicin were selected and used to investigate the preventive effect of cell growing on KG-1cells by MTT assay. The doxorubicin loaded in retinoic acid/ cyclodextrin/ folic acid micellar nanoparticles in the concentration of 0.377μg/ml (in KG-1 cells) were about 10.5 times more cytotoxic than free doxorubicin, 3.3 times more cytotoxic than doxorubicin loaded in retinoic acid/ cyclodextrin micelles and 8.3 times more cytotoxic than doxorubicin loaded in retinoic acid/ dextran/ folic acid micelles. The doxorubicin loaded in retinoic acid/ dextran/ folic acid micelles were about 1.3 times more cytotoxic than free doxorubicin and 1.2 times more cytotoxic than doxorubicin loaded in retinoic acid/ dextran micelles (P<0.05). Micellar nanoparticles of retinoic acid/ cyclodextrin/ folic acid loaded by doxorubicin could affect KG-1 cells more effective than free drug and retinoic acid/ dextran/ folic acid loaded by doxorubicin.

Triangle of “poverty, ignorance, and addiction” deprives young adults of dymanism, prosperity, vitality, and creativity. One of the approaches to preventing addiction is young adults training. The present study was conducted to investigate efficacy rate of four methods of preventing drug abuse (participation in life skills training classes, presentation of poster and catalogue, sending of short messages [SMS] and video playing) on the change in the attitude toward drugs in male high school students. The present study is of semi experimental type, in which 511 students were enrolled from four education districts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province per cluster sampling. For research investigation, initially pretest was administered for the groups and for preventive methods training, 12 training sessions (one session per week) were held for each one of five groups. Experimental and control groups (for comparing efficacy of different approaches) were compared with each other through pretest and post-test. Of the preventive approached to changing the attitudes, the approaches of participation in life skills training classes and training through video had a significant effect (P<0.05) compared to training through poster and catalogue and sending SMS through mobile phone (P>0.05). In addition, it was specified that as lower the educational grade of the students, the greater the effect of the trainings relevant to prevention of addiction. In order to change students’ attitude toward addiction and drugs, the approaches of participation in life skills training classes and training through video enjoy a higher priority.

Diabetes type 1 is developed as a result of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells. Recent studies indicated that many types of stem cells could be considered ad potential sources of obtaining Insulin like producing cells (IPCS). In this study, the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells was investigated using mouse pancreatic extract.

In this laboratory experimental study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were used to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. The differentiated cells were assessed using dithizone-specific staining and anti-insulin-proinsulin and anti-insulin receptor beta antibodies. In addition, specific gene expression of pancreatic cells was assessed by RT-PCR method. Resaults: The differentiated cells derived from direct method of morphology were represented as pancreatic beta cells. Positive dithizone cells were observed as red-purple bundles. The results of RT-PCR represented specific gene expression of beta cells in the differentiated cells as direct. Immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of beta cells specific markers in these cells.

The results of this study indicated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into insulin-producing cells in presence of pancreatic extract. Therefore, application of these results facilitates in vitro production of beta cells from stem cells.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is mycotoxins that possess a risk to human health due to its nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. This study was undertaken to determine the presence and levels of ochratoxin A in different types of bread consumed in Shahrekord. In this descriptive study, eighty six samples of different types of bread purchased from March to December 2011 from retail bakeshops in Shahrekord was surveyed for the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) using ELISA method. Ochratoxin A was detected in 45 out of the 86 bread samples (52.3%). Levels of OTA in positive samples ranged between 0.19 and 10.37 ng/g and the average contamination of all positive samples was 2.61± 1.47 ng/g. Fifteen of the positive samples exceed the maximum level of 5 ng/g set by European regulations for OTA in cereals and bread. Seasonal evaluation of the data did not indicate a significant difference in contamination levels. It is therefore important to monitor the level of OTA in cereals especially wheat and to devise mechanisms to improve their quality in such a way that reduce OTA contamination of bread.

Studies have indicated that consanguineous marriage could cause the possibility of several problems in motor development. The aim of this study was to compare motor development of male and female children with consanguineous and in-law parents.

In this cross-sectional study, motor development of 15 four- and five-year-old children and 15 eight- and nine-year-old children with consanguineous parents was compared with that of 15 four- and five-year-old children and 15 eight- and nine-year-old children with in-law parents, who were enrolled from four elementary schools for boys and girls and 15 kindergartens of Arak County per multistage cluster sampling. To measure motor development, test of gross motor development (Ulrich-2) and to analyze the data, independent t test were used.

Among manipulative and movement skills and gross motor development of four- to five-year-old boys and girls, motor development and movement and manipulative skills of eight- to nine-year-old boys, and movement skills of eight- to nine-year-old girls with consanguineous and in-law parents, there was no significant difference (P>0.05), but motor development and manipulative skills of eight- to nine-year-old girls with in-law parents were better than those of the children with consanguineous parents (P>0.05).

As motor development and manipulative skills of in-law parents’ daughters were higher than those of consanguineous parents’, it could be said that consanguineous marriage could have impact on the children’s motor development. To further clarify the effect rate of this type of marriages on motor development, it is recommended to investigate the effect of consanguineous marriage of parents in the area of athletics.

Presently, silver and its compounds are being used as an appropriate solution to treat burns, open and chronic wound infections. This study is, therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on wound healing and some biochemical parameters of blood and kidney tissues in mice (Mus musculus). In this experimental study, 50 female BALB/c mice of (weighting 24.2±3.0 g) about 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups: Ag-NPs and control. After making a wound in all groups, a volume of 50 microliters from the nanosilver solution (10ppm) was applied to the wound bed in the Ag-NPs group while in the control group no nanosilver solution was used but the wound area was washed by distilled water every day. Samplings were performed on days 2, 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment and the wound's surface area measured on succeeding days. The results of the present study show that the percentage of the wound healed in the treated group was significantly greater than in the control group so that the time required to heal in the former was 14 ± 0.82 days and in the latter 20.75 ± 1.03 (P<0.05). There were significant changes in potassium and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) among all groups studies (P<0.05). This study suggests that recovery with a 10 ppm solution of silver nanoparticles, while accelerates the process of wound healing, will notoriously influence on some biochemical parameters of blood. So, although solution of silver nanoparticles is beneficial for healing, it should be cautious in consuming it.

In the postpartum period, is created some physical, psychological and social changes, which influences the quality of life for mothers and their families. Due to the importance of life quality, the postpartum period and postnatal factors affecting quality of life, including delivery type, this study was performed to compare the quality of life in women after normal vaginal delivery and cesarean section, eight weeks after delivery. In this descriptive-analytical study, the study population was 100 women 18-35 years old, who referred to Ilam and Aivan health centers at 2013. Quality of life of samples was assessed in the 2-8 weeks of postnatal life, using SF-36 questioner. The results showed that the quality of life aspects scores in normal vaginal delivery were 76.60±17.77 and more than cesarean section (54.10± 17.72). The mean score of mental life quality domain in normal vaginal delivery was 67.60±19.04, which was higher than the cesarean section group with a mean score of 63.60±15.71. The findings showed differences between cesarean section and vaginal delivery groups in different domains of quality of life (p<0.001). The results showed that quality of life is higher in women with vaginal delivery compared with cesarean delivery in the first eight postpartum. Therefore, health care provider’s advices could be effective in reducing elective cesarean section and consequently the improvement of life quality in women after delivery.

Vascular calcification is important factor in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and osteonectin with others bone matrix proteins have regulatory function in atheroma formation and atherosclerosis progression. Studies showed that antioxidant compounds cause to decrease vascular calcification and prevent cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of gallic acid on osteonectin gene expression. In this experimental study, it was determined gallic acid half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). These cells were treated by 160, 180 and 200 µM concentration of gallic acid for 48h and the control group also was considered. The total RNA was extracted and its cDNA was synthesized and then the quantity of osteonectin gene expression was measured by real time PCR. Overall،160, 180 and 200µM concentration of gallic acid decreased osteonectin gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cell by 1/37, 2/93 and 7/3 folds compared with the control group, respectively. Gallic acid reduces osteonectin gene expression; therefore could reduce vascular calcification. Gallic acid could have prevented atheroma formation therefore could decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood behavioral disorders causing hyperactivity, attention deficit and education decline among children. Regarding the importance of medication treatment, this study was performed to compare the effect of two methods (Direct and Indirect) of education of parents of children with ADHD on their attitudes about medication, treatment satisfaction and medication compliance. In this clinical trial study, eighty parents of children with ADHD, referred to child psychiatry clinic in Shahrekord were randomly assigned to direct and indirect education groups. The first group (direct education) was attended in groups four sessions. The second group was given education booklet with the same content. Participants were evaluated before and one month after education in terms of their attitudes to medication, treatment satisfaction and treatment compliance. 61 parents of 81 participants continued the study. After intervention, the mean scores of attitudes about medication and satisfaction with treatment were significantly improved in the direct education group (P<0.001 and p=0.016 respectively), whereas in indirect education group, significant difference was not statistically observed (P>0.05). Both groups had significantly increased treatment compliance one month after education (P<0.001). Change of mean score attitudes to medication consumption at the end of the periods was significantly different in direct group compared to indirect education group (P<0.01). Direct education was more effective than indirect education on improvement of attitudes towards medication and increase in treatment satisfaction, and both methods resulted in increased medication compliance. Regarding the importance of medication treatment in this disorder, using results of this study can have significant influence on function of children with this disorder in family and school environment.

Contaminated water consumption during the travel is a problem that will expose the health of passenger with risk. In the present study, microbial quality of drinking water in the public vehicles and the effects of drivers’ education on the water quality of these vehicles in Shahrekord terminal were evaluated. In this description- Interference study that has been down in 2011-2012, the samples were taken from 219 vehicles systematically and residual chlorine concentration, total coliforms and fecal coliforms were determined. Then, the vehicles have had contaminated water (61 case) were divided to two groups including experimental and control group. The experimental group was taken necessary education for 2 weeks and the works were tried again in the both groups. Findings showed the public vehicles passengers were using 13.7% and 86.3% bottled and stored water, respectively. Residual chlorine in 98.4% of the stored water was zero. 48.9% and 31.1% of the samples were contaminated to total coliform and fecal coliform, respectively. In the educated group; the rate of total coliform and fecal coliform contamination decreased from 100 % and 58.1% (before education) to 54.8 % and 29%(after education), respectively. This research established the education role on decreasing 45-50% of microbial pollution of the consumed water during the travel time. So, it is suggested that organizations consider continuous education and health care in their priorities.

Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent dense tumor in children. In fact, approximately 1/3 of neuroblastoma cases are diagnosed in under one-year infants; but tumors which primarily located in anterior sacrum are rare. Therefore, a primary presacral neuroblastoma in a 9-month infant is reported to inform physicians and therapeutical teams. Case report: A 9-month infant with malaise, chronic constipation, abdominal distension, and acute urinary retention was hospitalized. Meantime, there was vomiting too. The patient had been suffering from upper respiratory infection since three days ago, and from constipation for 3 months. Sonographic examination indicated mild to moderate hydronephrosis and duplex hydroureter, but a heterogeneous-hypoactive mass of 34×75 mm was clear. CT scan indicated a soft tissue with low density, diameter of 34×75 mm in anterior rectum and posterior sacrum, suggesting sacrococcygeal teratoma or less probably stroma tumor of rectum. Histological report of the mass removed from the patient indicated neuroblastoma diagnosis and the patient was referred to subspecialty Hospital of Al-Zahra to complete the treatment. Histological report of the mass removed from the patient indicated primary presacral neuroblastoma. Therefore, although the most prevalent clinical indication of this tumor is abdominal mass and the reported case is rare, the physicians should consider this case in their diagnoses.