مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 85، امرداد و شهریور 1395)

Stress and tension have allocated a part of human life to itself. This study was aimed to investigate the association between educational stress and different domains of quality of life in the students staying in dormitories of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2012.
This research was a cross-sectional study, which was performed by multistage sampling on 206 students. To gather data, questionnaire of demographic data, questionnaire of academic stress and questionnaire of quality of life SF36 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS through descriptive and analytical statistics.
Mean score of their total quality of life was 56.76±16.72. Also, mean score of academic stress was 55.5±19.68. With increase in stress, the score of quality of life decreased in all of its domains (P Academic stress could influence students’ quality of life; it is necessary to implement required interventions in the students staying in dormitories.

Hearing loss is a most common sensory deficit in humans. The hearing loss may be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed (syndromic or nonsyndromic), prelingual or postlingual. Due to the complexity of the hearing mechanism, it is not surprising that several hundred genes might be involved in causing hereditary hearing loss. So far 152 loci have been identified which are associated with the most common type of hearing loss. This study aimed to analyze genetic linkage of DFNB7/11 locus in families with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss from Hamedan province.
In this descriptive laboratory study, 24 families from Hamedan province with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss were examined. Selected families in this study had consanguinity and they were negative for GJB2 gene mutations. Linkage analysis was performed by 7 markers (STR) for DFNB7/11 locus.
After examining different families, one family of the 24 families (4.16%) showed linkage to the DFNB7/11 locus, but in examining different exons and promoter of TMC1 gene, no mutation was found. Lack of TMC1gene mutations in mentioned familyy suggests mutations exist in noncoding regions of TMC1 genes or new gene exists in this locus. SLINK value and LOD score of this family was 1.45 and 0.54 respectively.
Based on the results of this study, DFNB7/11 locus may not have important role in causing hearing loss of population studied, but further studies are necessary to determine more precisely the role of this locus in hearing loss in Iranian population.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are used widely in the world. The present study was conducted to evaluate the lasting of pulmonary toxicity induced by nano-TiO2 particles.
In this experimental study, 60 male rats were randomly divided in three groups. Furthermore, rats in each group were subdivided in four subgroups of 5 in each. Rats in subgroups 1, 2 and 3 of each group were intratracheally instilled with 25, 50, or 100mg/kg of TiO2 particles, respectively. Rats in subgroup 4 (control group) of each group received the same volume of normal saline, intratracheally. On days 15, 30 and 45 after injection, rats in groups 1, 2 and 3 were anaesthetized, respectively. Radiographic pictures were taken and rats were then sacrificed. Blood and tissue samples were collected, subsequently. Results from hematologic and biochemical studies were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey test, results of the radiographic and pathological studies were analyzed statistically using Fisher exact test.
The results showed significant difference of total WBC, Lymphocytes, monocytes, Granulocytes percentages and serum activity of LDH and ALP on day 15 of experiment. Moreover, histopathologic and radiographic examination of lung tissues indicated that the pulmonary response to exposure to TiO2 particles in rats manifested as dose-dependent inflammatory lesions, which mainly consisted of infiltration of inflammatory cells and interstitial thickening.
These results suggest that consumed dose may have important role in pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory effects of TiO2 nanoparticles sustained for a limited time and rat recovered from these effects after a length of time.

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder. Distortions in time perception is one of the symptoms of this disorder. This study with the understating of this issue was aimed to determine the effectiveness of motor exercises in improvement of the perception of time in patients with schizophrenia.
In this pilot study, 60 patients with schizophrenia among psychiatric patients who were hospitalized in the Fatemi and Isar psychiatric hospitals in 2013 in the city of Ardabil were selected by simple sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups and after clinical interviews, study patient records, the implementation of the scale of PANSS and study time perception using auditory and visual stimuli and devices, timers, intervention groups carried out motion workouts as walking slowly in three steps in all directions. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.
Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups at post-test scores (P The results of this study showed that motor exercise training to patients with schizophrenia disorder can bring about change in the perception of time that it will be applicable the rehabilitation of the mentally patients.

Despite all wide improvement in diagnosis and treatment, one third of patients with acute Myocardial infarction lose their life. Cardiac arrhythmia is the most common cause of death in acute myocardial infarction, and cardiac blocks are of the important groups of these arrhythmia. This study was planned to determine the incidence of branch block of the heart and its demographic risk factors and related clinical history in patients with myocardial infarction.
In this cross-sectional study, 263 patients with acute myocardial infarction, who were admitted in CCU ward were studied and data of demographic characteristics and medical history were collected. Data were analyzed by STATA software and central tendency and dispersion using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi square and ANOVA.
Relative frequency of incidence of total branch block was 15.97% (42 patients). 45.23% had right bundle branch block and 54.76% left bundle branch block. The incidence of right and left bundle branch block in total population under study were 7.22 and 8.75%. There was no significant relationships between the incidence of the right and left cardiac bundle branch block and sex, age, place of residence, high blood pressure and history of ischemic diseases (P>0.05), but there is a significant relationship between the incidence of the right and left cardiac bundle branch block and diabetes (P In this study, the incidence of branch block among patients was reported. Regarding to the high incidence of the factor under study, it is recommended to check patients with myocardial infarction seriously regarding to positive factor including diabetes and detection of ventricular arrhythmias including electrolyes disorders so that could be prevented by good clinical measurement.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and mortality, especially in patients with a weakened immune system and leads to problems inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents in the treatment of infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes in Multiplex-PCR method.
A total of 60 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa including 40 samples from Passargad microbiology lab collection and 20 samples of hospitals in Kerman collected and cultured in specific media and were confirmed with biochemical tests. PCR reaction was done on all samples to identify virulence genes ETA, oprL, gyrB and the species 16SrDNA.
Of the 60 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 38 samples (63.3%) contains gene gyrB and oprL, 37 samples (61.6%) had the gene ETA, and all had 60 isolate (100%) gene 16SrDNA.
Considering the importance of rapid detection of this bacterium due to the incidence of resistance and presence of problems in biochemical methods, concurrent identification of multiple genes by Multiplex-PCR is a sensitive and accurative way in detecting the bacteria.

Nowadays, usage of protein and amino acid supplements is focused for decreasing muscular injuries after intensive exercise sessions. The aim of the present research was to indicate the effect of 7-day branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) consumption on the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in beginner futsal players.
In this semi-experimental double blind study, the population included the beginner futsal players of Tehran’s Enghelab Sports Complex. 20 volunteers (with an average age of 28.67±4.72, average weight of 90.17±12.09 Kg) were randomly divided into 2 groups of supplement (n=10) and placebo (n=10). The participants consumed the supplement (S) or the placebo (P) 7 days before one session of weight exercises with 80% one repetition maximum (1RM) in 3 sets and each set with 8 repetitions. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used for data analysis.
The results showed that after 48 hours CK had a lower increase in S group compared to P group (from 238.83±86.33 to 417.17±184.77 IU/L in S group and 229.83±58.98 to 445.0±227.44 IU/L in P group), but there was no significant difference (P=0.767). On the other hand, LDH didnot show any difference in measurement phases between two groups (before 301.33±58.42 immediately after 333.33±56.43 and 48 hours after 337.33±47.82 IU/L in S group and before 297.83±43.28 immediately after 297.17±69.75 and 48 hours after 292.17±60.02 IU/L in P group) (P=0.280).
The results indicate that 7-day BCAAs consuming before vigorous resistance exercise did not have a significant effect on the DOMS indices in beginner futsal players.

Anxiety is the most prevalent feeling before surgery which could affect postoperative outcomes. Anti-anxiety properties of Passiflora incarnate have been reported in previous studies and this study was designed and conducted to determine properties of medicinal plant Passiflora incarnate on anxiety before orthopedic surgery in patients hospitalized in Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord.
In this experimental study, 60 patients aged 25-50 years candidate for orthopedic surgery referring Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord were randomly assigned into two 30-individual groups of case and control. At the night before surgery, case group received oral Passiflora caerulea drop (500 mg, Passipy) and control group received placebo. On the day of surgery, by Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, the level of trait anxiety (individual anxious property) and state anxiety (individual anxious state) was recorded, and the patient's demographic characteristics were gathered by questionnaire.
There was no significant difference between two groups regarding to age, sex, and marital status. Mean score of state anxiety in case group (40.86±7.25) was lower than control group (50.63±4.58) (P=0.001), but mean score of trait anxiety was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.303).
Based on the results of this study, use of oral drop of Passiflora incarnate before orthopedic surgery helps to relieve patient's anxiety. Use of this extract is recommended for Anti-anxiety and sedative treatments.

Thyroid cancer is a malignancy of the endocrine system that its incidence has been raising steadily in many parts of the world. Regarding to existence of many factors affecting on disease-free survival in patients suffering from thyroid cancer, this study was aimed to identify this factors.
In this historical cohort study, 785 cases of differentiated thyroid cancer patients referred nuclear medicine wards of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad during the 1978-2012 were assessed. The follow-up of all patients was performed through periodic visits and telephone. The effect of various demographic and clinical factors on disease free survival of patients was evaluated using Weibull regression model.
The median disease-free survival time of patients was resulted in 15±1.05 years. Evaluating the clinical and pathological features using univariate analysis showed that the impact of gender, age at diagnosis, type of cancer, stage of cancer, type of treatment, the primary of Thymoglobulin, size of motor, the status of involved Lymph nodes and status of metastasis, incomplete surgery had a significant association with disease free survival of patients(P Regarding to the numerous factors that impact the risk of recurrence and affect the status of metastasis, size of motor and the status of involved Lymph nodes and age at diagnosis at the moderate status, it seems that those with distant metastases as well as those in the fourth stages and aged over 45 years are at greater risk of recurrence.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the disorders that gains attention of psychologists, psychiatrists and researchers. Among the factors that could be involved in the persistence of this disorder is to improper adjust the motivation and high-risk behaviors. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to compare the motivational self-regulation and high-risk behaviors in students suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal students.
This is a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population of this research includes all male students in the Third grade of high schools (ADHD and normal students) in Ardabil city in the 2014-2015 academic year. The research subjects consisted of 80 students (n=40 for each group). Students in these schools were selected by multistage cluster sampling. To collect data, motivational self-regulation scale, high-risk behavior questionnaire, conner's scale and diagnostic interview based on DSM-5 were used.
The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the mean of motivational self-regulation scores (all components) in students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was significantly lower than normal students (P The results of these findings in indicative of the importance of motivational self-regulation strategies and regulation of these incentives is for academic achievement and reduction of aggressive behavior, inattention, distractibility, and ultimately prevention and reduction of high-risk behavior in students with ADHD.

In recent years, several studies have been conducted on animal and insect poisons with the aim of finding molecules with medicinal properties. Scorpion toxins have small molecules with different biological and pharmacological properties. One of these toxins is the analgesic- antitumor peptide (AGAP) that is effective in the treatment of cancer and pain. In this study, gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate analgesic-antitumor like peptide from Iranian yellow scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus.
In this experimental study, Iranian scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus samples were isolated and the total DNA was extracted. AGAP-like gene was amplified with specific primers for conserved sequences and named MeIAGAP Mesobuthus eupeus Iranian AGAP. Then MeIAGAP sequences were compared with other similar gene from other species of scorpion by CLC main workbench 5 software. Furthermore, the introns sequence, regulatory elements, and the adenine branches point of this toxin examined with the same sequences.
The sequence of MeI AGAP was 507 nucleotides long. The sequence of MeIAGAP gene is shorter than BmK AGAP gene sequences isolated from Buthus martensii, because MeI AGAP has a large deletion in intron sequences. Mature peptide sequences were similar about 93%. MeI AGAP gene sequences from Iranian yellow scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus was reported for the first time in this study.
Homology analysis showed multiple differences in sequences that can be specific for Iranian subspecies of this scorpion. Furthermore, MeIAGAP relief acts as drug for cancer and pain treatment due to its high similarity with analgesic-antitumor drug.

Coronary artery disease causes mortality, disability, and impose huge costs. Diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging for coronary artery stenosis is reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging in comparison with angiography.
This research was a cross-sectional study and the population was patients referred to nuclear medicine section affiliated with heart hospital of Sari that 115 patients having their angiographic result were selected. Data related to risk factors for coronary artery disease were collected through questionnaire. The results were analysed by SPSS 18 through t-test, Chi square and indicators of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value.
62 patients (53.9%) were female and the mean mean and standard deviation of the patients was 56.85±9.67 years, which had a significant relationship in both normal and coronary artery disease groups (P0.05). Sensitivity of myocardial perfusion scan in the detection of coronary artery disease compared with coronary angiography was 84% and its specificity was equal to 92%. Also, the positive predictive value was calculated 95.5% and negative predictive value was 75%.
Regarding to the results of this study and the high sensitivity and specificity of myocardial perfusion imaging in comparison with angiography, myocardial perfusion imaging as a noninvasive technique in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is helpful, but the patient must be determined in standard condition and many limitations such as selection bias.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most toxic and carcinogenic, made up of two or more benzene ring. Also, due to low solubility and viable pollutants in the environment, they are in class Organic Pollutants Persistent (POPs). The most hazardous compound of this group is benzo (a) pyrene, the carcinogenicity of which has been approval by the World Health Organization. In this study, degradation of benzo (a) pyrene was examined using Photo-Fenton Oxidation Process and optimization of treatment conditions using experimental design.
In this experimental study, the effect of initial concentration benzo (a) pyrene 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 mg/L, optimal pH 3, exposure time 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 min, the amount of iron sulfate, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45 mM, and H2O2 levels 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 mM in Photo-Fenton process. 31 samples were determined using the central composite testing method. The concentration of benzo (a) pyrene was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device equipped with column C18. Data were analyzed using the software Design Expert.
Results showed that the removal efficiency of benzo (a) pyrene increased with increases in iron sulfate, H2O2 ,and Exposure Time but it reduced with elevating benzo (a) pyrene concentration. A maximum removal efficiency of 93 percent was obtained in the following conditions: 3.5 mg/L of benzo (a) pyrene, 0.35 mM of iron sulfate, 2.9 mM of hydrogen peroxide, and an exposure time of 45 min.
According to the results, Photo Fenton process is an effective method to remove benzo (a) pyrene from the queous solution; with optimizing the effective operational parameters, these clean processes can be implemented in large-scale.

Genetic alternation in p53 gene is associated with tumorgenesis, specially breast, colon and lung tumors. To our knowledge, there has been no study on the relationship between TAAAA repeat in the first intron of p53 gene and cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphism of TAAAA in the first intron of p53 gene among colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals and its relation to risk of colorectal cancer.
In this research, 151 blood samples of patients with colorectal cancer and 180 healthy samples were studied. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples by salting out method and amplification of desired sequence, the number of TAAAA repeats was determined by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing.
In this study, five different length of TAAAA repeat in the range of 6-10 and 13 allele combinations (genotypes) were observed among patients and controls. The most frequent allele in both patients and controls was the 8-TAAAA repeat. Results of homozygous genotypes equal or below 8 are higher among the controlled than the case subjects. In the contrary, number of genotypes equal or higher than 9 (9.10, 9.9) was higher among the patients. Due to the insufficient number of samples, the statistical analysis didnot not show a meaningful relationship. There is no meaningful relationship between genotype, metastasis and age.
Our study did not show a strong association between the TAAAA repeat polymorphism in p53 gene and the risk of colorectal cancer.

Paraoxonase is a HDL related enzyme, which seems to have roles in antioxidant protection in the human body. The present study was set with the aim of investigating the effects of DASH diet, rich in antioxidants, on paraoxonase enzyme activity in obese or overweight women.
This study is a randomized parallel controlled trial, carried out on 44 (22 intervention and 22 control) healthy overweight and obese women in Isfahan. The intervention period consisted of 3 months of a control or a DASH diet. Diet adherence, anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were checked every 2 weeks. Paraoxonase activity, phenylacetate of paraoxonase was analyzed at the beginning and end of the trial. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
No significant change was observed in paraoxonase activity or phenylacetate of paraoxonase between two groups (P=0.26 and P=0.13). Besides, The DASH diet resulted in significant decrease in BMI and Waist circumference (P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively) but fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol changes were not statistically significant in both groups.
It is likely that paraoxonase activity do not change in response to DASH diet. However, the effects of nutritive factors on activity of this enzyme need further studies.