نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 69، زمستان 1395)

Appropriate control of blood sugar delays the onset and progression of diabetes complications. Nurses have a decisive role in the education of self-care behaviors to diabetic patients, including self-monitoring of blood glucose. The current study aimed at assessing the effect of educational intervention based on continuous care model on self-monitoring of blood glucose is type 2 diabetics.
This randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 86 patients with type II DM referring to the Arian Diabetes Clinic of Torbat-e-heydaryyeh in 2015. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Educational interventions based on continuous care model that has four basic steps: orientation, sensitization, control, and evaluation, was done on the intervention group for 3 months during 6 sessions. A reasearcher-designed questionnaire was completed before the intervention and two weeks after the last training session and the average scores of self-monitoring of blood glucose in both groups were evaluated. Finally,the obtained data was fed into SPSS software (V: 16) and analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistical tests including Chi-square, paired T, independent t-tests P Out of the total participants 59.3 percent were females; and their mean age was 48.6±8.4 years. Results showed significant difference between the two groups in terms of self-monitoring of blood glucose before and after the educational intervention based on continuous care model (P The results showed that educational intervention based on continuous care model is effective on self-care behaviors of diabetic patients, especially their self-monitoring of blood glucose; therefore, applying it is recommended.

As one of the factors of gastric ulcers and cancer, Helicobacter pylori can live in the acidic environment of stomach for many years due to having urease enzyme. This enzyme requires Ni2 and a group of auxiliary proteins such as ureE for its catalytic activity. Urease is not only a requisite factor to colonize the Helicobacter pylori but it is also pathogenic with different mechanisms.Regarding the high prevalence of these bacteria finding a way to prevent infection with them is necessary. The present research aimed at homogenizing . cloning of Helicobacter Pylori ureE gene into pIRES2-DS Red expression vector in order to create a DNA (gene) vaccine.
In this experimental study, the ureE gene fragment was amplified through PCR method and it was cloned using T/A cloning in the pTZ vector. Sub-cloning of the gene was done in pIRES2-DS Red vector using T4-ligase enzyme and it was transformed into E. coli TOP10F strain; and, then, amplified. The gene construct, which is a DNA vaccine candidate, was transferred to CHO cells using electroporation method to investigate the gene expression in eukaryotic systems. UreE gene expression was assessed in eukaryotic cells by means of SDS-PAGE.
ureE gene cloning was confirmed in two vectors including pTZ as a replicative vector and pIRES2-DS Red expression vector by PCR, enzyme digestion, and sequencing methods. SDS-PAGE results confirmed the successful expression of the ureE gene in the eukaryotic system of CHO cells.
The recombinant pIRES2-DSRed-ureE construct is capable of successfully generating of polypeptides derived from Helicobacter Pylori ureE gene expression in bestial cells. Given that the protein product of the ureE gene is one of the most important proteins of the mentioned bacterium, . the created recombinant DNA in this research can be used as a DNA vaccine candidate against Helicobacter pylori in . future.

Novel dental materials including nanocomposites have been introduced in recent years. It is claimed that they have superior properties such as high esthetic., low wear, increased filler content resulting in better mechanical properties, and releasing ions i.e. fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate that are important for enamel remineralization. Considering these features, if they have retention and microleakage rates comparable with conventional sealants, these materials can be appropriate alternatives to conventional resin sealants in future.
The current study aimed at comparing . microleakage of a flowable nanocomposite, a flowable composite , and a conventional sealant in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth.
First of all ,42 extracted sound human maxillary first premolars were collected and were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. Then the teeth were embedded in self-cure acrylic resin. Occlusal fissures of the samples were cleaned using explorer, enameloplasty with ¼ round diamond bur and water/air spray was done. The prepared surfaces were etched using 36% phosphoric acid gel for 15s, rinsed and dried. Bonding agent was placed in the pits and fissures, cured for 10s after thinning with air. In the first, second , and the third group conventional sealant, flowable composite , and flowable nanocomposite were placed, respectively; and light cured for 40s. The samples were thermocycled (1000 cycles between 5-55ºC) and then immersed in 2% basic Fuchsine solution for 24hs. They were then cut bucculingually and microleakage evaluation was done using stereomicroscope. The obtained data was analyzed using Kruskal wallis tests.
There was no significant difference in microleakage rate of the study groups. (P>0.05).
Considering the condition of the study, it can be concluded that flowable composite and flowable nanocomposite can be used as suitable alternatives to conventional sealants in fissure sealant therapy of the permanent teeth.

In Iranian traditional medicine Citrus Aurantium flower extract is used to treat some neural diseases. Tendency to use medicinal herbs is increasing. The present study was done to determine the effect of Citrus Aurantium flowers on sleeping time and the level of anxiety in mice.
In this experimental study, 80 male albino mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into 8 equal groups. In order to measure . the sleeping time of the subjects . Angel’s method was applied and the animals were divided into three experimental.groups (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) and one control group. To evaluate their anxiety levels. they were randomly divided into three experimental and one control group;and for their evaluation plus maze (EPM) model was used. The evaluation of anxiety indices included number and percent of time spent in open arm.
Different doses of the aqueous extract of Citrus Aurantium flowers (200, 400, 600 mg/kg IP; respectively) were intraperitoneally injected into the treated groups. But, the controls received 10 ml/kg/BW normal saline intraperitoneally in both of the methods. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS . software (V:17) using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test(α=0.05).
The extract of Citrus aurantium flowers (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) significantly increased sleeping time (12/2±0/53), (14/4±037), (15/5±1/22), time-spent of open arm entries (64/4±4/01), (75±3/01), (78±2/01) and arm entries into open arms(5/9±021), (6/6±0/41), (6/8±72) compared to the control group (P The current study showed that the aqueous extract of Citrus Aurantium flowers incerases the sleeping time and decreases level of anxity in mice.

Continuous evaluation of educational activities plays a critical role in the promotion of educational programs. The present study aimed at assessing . the viewpoint of medical students on the effectiveness of educational programs and regulations in clinical training.
A cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted in the . internal medicine ward in vali-e-asr hospital of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. All medical students were selected via census from those who had passed their internal medicine training over the past 2 years (2014-2016). Viewpoint of the students on the effectiveness of the internal medicine ward regulations and educational programs were evaluated by means of a researcher-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire included 10 questions regarding educational regulations and 26 items about educational programs.Finally, the obtained data was fed into SPSS (V: 16) software using independent T-test for analysis at the significant level of alpha=0.05.
A total of 100 students, including 36(36%) interns and 64(64%) stagers filled out the questionnaires. Mean viewpoint score of the students on educational regulations was 2.66±0.86. Mean viewpoint score of students on educational rules affecting attendance of students and instructors in training fields was 3.25±1.22 and 3.23.09 , respectively. Regarding the educational programs, the highest and lowest scores belonged to the outpatient clinic ground conferences; (3.31±0.74) and (2.84±0.79), respectively.
A polyclinic can be an appropriate spot to transfer clinical-educational programs,but ground conferences are not considered suitable for stagers and interns.. Running educational regulations can gurantee more attendance of students and instructors in clinical training.

Puberty is one of the most critical periods in life that makes individual to feel and behave in a different way. One of the major issues faced young people is the conflict between spiritual values, customary and familiar to the freedom or non-freedom of heterosexual relationships and how to deal with it. Therefore, this study aimed to determine Predicting Factors heterosexual relationship in girls Adolescence of Birjand city.
In this descriptive analytical study, samples were collected from girl students in high schools in different regions of Birjand in 2015. The survey was carried out via simple random sampling of 395 students. Data were collected by the validated and reliable questionnaire based on theory of planned behavior. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS20 and descriptive statistical tests and , Pearson correlation, logistic regression , t- test and ANOVA tests in significant level less than 0.05...
Among the adolescents participating in this study 43.9% with an average duration was about 15±7 months. Logistic regression analysis showed that attitudes (P≤0.001), intention (P≤0.001), mother's occupation (p=0.03), family size (p=0.01), birth (p=0.03) and the satellite programs watching (p=0.01) strong predictor for the heterosexual relationship individuals were studied.
According to the results of this study showed that the attitude and intention for the relationship with the opposite sex were strong predictors. So the theory of planned behavior can be used as an effective method for planning and intervention to prevent heterosexual relationship.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a syndrome with progressive and irreversible airflow limitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Atorvastatins on blood parameters includingblood gasses in patients with COPD. This randomized double-blind, controlled clinical trial study was conducted on the case and control groups of patients with COPD in Vali-e-asr hospital in Birjand in 2015. In the laboratory, 15 cc of venous blood was taken from each subject. Initial tests included white blood count (WBCs), hemoglobin(Hb), PH, and Pco 2. O2 saturation was observed at rest by means of Pulse Oximeter for the duration of one minute and the highest value was recorded. Out of the 34 patients, 18 cases (52.9%) were treated by atorvastatin and 16(47.1%). . received conventional treatment Mean age of the atorvastatin and control group was 65.8 ± 11.5 and 63.7 ± 7/6 years, respectivly. The case group showed a significant decrease in mean count of WBC and hemoglobin, but increase in O2 saturation after intervention. In conclusion, it can be concluded that taking atorvastatin has a significant impact on the reduction of hemoglobin and increase of oxygen saturation in COPD patients, which requires further studies.

Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is a very rare vascular disease that is usually the result of trauma, infectious disease, and central vein thrombosis. Malignancy, either known or occult, is an uncommon etiology of IJV thrombosis.The presented patient was a 49-year-old woman who suffered from painful swelling in the right side of her neck. Physical examination revealed a painful and immobile mass in the right side of her neck. Doppler ultrasonography scan showed thrombosis of the right IJV. Initial workups to find malignancy were unremarkable. She underwent treatment by intravenous heparin and antibiotics and her symptoms resolved after one week. Six months later, the patient presented once more with repeated vomiting and epigastric pain. On gastroesophageal endoscopy, a mass in the lesser curve of the stomach was detected. The pathology report was compatible with gastric adenocarcinoma.Association between IJV thrombosis and some malignancies (e.g., lung and lymphoma) have been reported. IJV thrombosis can be the first presentation of malignancy. IJV thrombosis should be kept in mind in patients with painful swelling in the neck and long- term follow-up to exclude any malignant diseases is recommended.

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease. Changes in blood pressure in these patients varied from orthostatic hypotension to Hypertension in specific situations. On the other hand, some drugs used in Parkinson's disease have paradoxical effects on blood pressure. Therefore,.neurologists should be pay special attention to control blood pressure in such patients.