Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:14 Issue: 2, Spring 2016

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of regular exercise as a useful nonpharmacological strategy in attenuating the diabetes symptom such as hyperglycaemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss.
Twenty male Wistar rats (200±20 gr) were divided to four groups (n = 5 per group): sedentary normal (N), trained normal (NE), sedentary diabetes (D) and trained diabetes (DE). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The exercise protocol consisted of moderate intensity swimming of 30 min/day, 5 days/ week for eight weeks. Plasma glucose was evaluated at initiation and end of the experiment. Weekly weight change was calculated according to initial weight. Food conception and intake water were measured in certain day of week.
Induction of diabetes significantly raised plasma glucose (P = .001), increased food and water intake (P = .05) and decreased weight-gain (P = .05) in diabetic rats. Swimming exercise had small effect on plasma glucose, weight change, food intake and water intake of trained rats.
According to the result of this study, it seems that exercise alone has small effect on management of diabetes symptoms and medical approach is necessaryfor this purpose.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of removal of hexavalent Chromium using carbonated almond green hulls. In the present study, derived carbon fromalmond green hulls of zonal district of Iran were used to remove hexavalent Chromium from Synthetic wastewater.
The effects of pH (2-10), Adsorbent dose (2-24 g/L), Cr (VI) concentration (10-100 mg/L), Contact time (1-60 min) and temperature (5-50°C) were studied. The experimental data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm (R2 = .853; maximum adsorption capacity 1.90 mg/g). At the end, to assess hexavalent Chromium, Spectrophotometer UV/VIS Spectrometer T80 at 540 nm wavelength was used.
The findings of the present study revealed that hexavalent Chromium removal was highly dependent on the pH. Surprisingly it was understood that due to limited space in the adsorbent, the increase in the initial hexavalent Chromium density caused the removal efficiency to decrease.
Carbonated almond green hull does efficiently remove hexavalent Chromium from industrial water wastes.

The current study aimed to compare mental disorders in two groups of prisoners charged with premeditated murder and kidnapping.
This descriptive study followed a casual-comparative design. The sample of this study included 60 prisoners charged with premeditated murder and 60 prisoners charged with kidnapping selected using simple random sampling method (sortation). To collect data, the Symptom Check List (SCL-90) was used.
Results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated a statistically significant difference between these two groups of prisoners charged with premeditated murder and kidnapping regarding mental disorder symptoms(F = 9.746, Wilks’ Lambda = .556, P = .00) such that prisoners charged with premeditated murder suffered from higher levels of anxiety, paranoid thoughts and psychosis and prisoners charged with kidnapping suffered more from depression, somatic symptoms, obsession, and phobia (P = .01). However, no significant difference was found between prisoners charged with premeditated murder and kidnapping with regard to aggression and interpersonal sensitivity (P = .05).
The findings of this study revealed that both groups charged with premeditated murder and kidnapping suffer from high means on mental disorder symptoms.

The purpose of this study is to model Cryptosporidiosis in laboratory animals. The parasites were inoculated into animalsand thenmultiplied. The process of proliferation was compared to controlCryptosporidiosis in humans.
Twenty-five laboratory mice (4-7 days of age) and twenty-five laboratory rats (5 days of age) were assigned to the category I while the category II (control group) consisted oftwenty-fiverats and twenty-five mice. The two categories were infected with 5×105 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts originated from a calf by using a 24-gauge & 20 gauge ball-point feeding needle. On 4-9 days of post inoculation the intestine, colon, and rectum were removed. Cryptosporidium infection was determined by detecting oocysts in intestinal homogenates by Staining and PCR method. Simple extraction and purification method was used by ficoll gradient centrifugation. Also, twenty laboratory rats (4-6 weeks of age) were intramuscularly injected with dexamethasone(Sigma, Chemical Co. UK) two times per week, and the last injection was given with 5×105 Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst on the same day as oral inoculation. The water was supplemented with tetracycline to avoiding secondary infections.
Two to four million purified oocysts with a maximum of 10 million were routinely obtained per mouse and rat. Also the day in which oocyst excretion is the highest was determined. The number of oocyst per neonatal mouse was (11±2)×105 on 9-12 days of post infection while similarly it was (10±1)×105 per neonatal rat.
The evaluation of the cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised animal models can help us to understand and control the Cryptosporidium infections.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of immobilization stress on the induction of diabetes mellitus in rats.
In this experimental study 30 mature male rats with an average weight of 200-220 gr were randomly divided into three groups of ten each. Group I served as the control while the experiment groups were Group II (10 days) and Groups III (30 days), which were immobilized in restraining cages twice a day for 45 minutes each time. After the last induction of stress period, blood samples were taken. Glucose was analyzed via the glucose oxidase method, and the levels of glucocorticoid and insulin were determined by radio immunoassay. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
The results showed that stress could affect the induction of diabetes by increasing blood glucose, insulin, and glucocorticoid; these changes, however, were not statistically significant.
Our data showed that immobilization stress causes the induction of diabetes mellitus in rats.

The aim of this study is to change one of the primary impairments associated with multiple sclerosis, i.e. ataxia, in which there is insufficient postural control.
The current randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of aquatic exercise on postural control in MS ataxic patients. Thirty-two patients with multiple sclerosis with a degree of ataxia indications were selected and divided into two groups: exercise group (n=17, age, 39.12 ± 8.54) and control group (n=15, age, 33.4±15.16). The exercise group performed the exercise for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week with 55% to 75% of maximum heart rate. Posture control by the force platform was measured before and after 24 sessions of aquatic exercises. Measurements of the center of pressure displacement included the anterior posterior, medial-lateral directions, and sway velocity.
Comparing the pre-test whit the post-test,significant differences in patients’ posture control (P = .001) was seen. There was no significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test in the control group, except for AP direction (P = .012).
The findings suggest that postural control in ataxic patients with multiple sclerosis can be affected by aquatic exercises. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm these encouraging preliminary results; clinicians are recommended to consider aquatic exercises as a viable rehabilitation program for multiple sclerosis patients.