Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:15 Issue: 2, spring 2017

Context: Sulfur Mustard has been an important subject of research for Iranian scientists since 1983, when the Iraq army used this chemical weapon against Iranians, causing injury for more than 30000 people, still suffering from its late effects.
Evidence Acquisition: This review was based on previous studies, found from online databases.
Sulfur mustard is synthesized by different methods, and its exposure could cause severe, irreversible damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. In the eyes, it has a wide spectrum of complications. These complications begin with an asymptomatic period, following irritation and redness, and ends with damage to the corneal structure with photophobia, temporary blindness, and blepharospasm.
Based on this, this review discusses some of the attempts made to define aspects of sulfur mustard and its mechanisms.

Palmaris longus (PL) is the most variable muscle in the body. The variation includes unilateral or bilateral agenesis, duplication or Y-shaped tendoný.
A total of 480 students within the age range of 18 to 23 years from Tehran medical institutions were ýrandomly selected for the current studyýý. The Thompson test was used to support the Schaeffer test.
PL muscle was absent bilaterally in 23% and unilaterally in 28.5% of the subjects with the distribution of 16.9% on ýthe left and 11.6% on the right hands. In females, the bilateral absence was observed in 34.16%, while 18.7% ýhad unilateral absence with the distribution of 5.8% on the left and 12.9% on the right.
It is believed that palmaris longus muscle is progressively disappearing in Iranian young people and ýcould prove a degenerative trend in the Iranian population.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of social group work based on cognitive-behavioral therapy approach on the soldiers’ level of depression.
This is an experimental study conducted in 2016 - 2017. 60 soldiers of a military setting with mild to severe depression were randomly selected. Then, the soldiers were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Soldiers in the intervention group participated in cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions that were conducted by a master of social worker who was trained. The level of depression was assessed before and after intervention with Beck depression inventory. Data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS (version: 16) at the level of P Independent t-test showed that the depression scores in the intervention (22.66 ± 9.49) and control (24.16 ± 7.64) groups had no significant difference in the pre-test stage (P = 0.503). However, the depression scores in the intervention (16.26 ± 30) and control (21.90 ± 8.46) groups were significantly different in the post-test stage (P = 0.002). The paired t-test showed that depressive symptoms significantly reduced in the intervention group in the post-test stage (P The result of this study showed that social group work based on cognitive-behavioral therapy approach could reduce levels of depression in soldiers. Further studies on long-term effects of this intervention are recommended.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the serum concentration of ghrelin and some anthropometric variables.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 90 healthy women. The serum ghrelin level was measured by ELISA method and data were statistically analyzed by Pearson analysis.
There was a significant correlation between the ghrelin level and age (r = -0.3; P = 0.000), body weight (r = -0.2; P = 0.03), BMI (r = -0.4; P = 0.001), and height to wrist ratio (r = 0.3; p = 0.004). Nevertheless, there was no significant correlation between ghrelin level and central obesity.
It seems that serum ghrelin level is associated with height to wrist ratio in healthy women.

Estrogen is one of the important factors in the progression of breast cancer. Cytochrome P450 Superfamily (CYPs) plays an important role in the metabolism of estrogen. The CYP1A1 gene has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of estradiol. Several studies have reported a significant association between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and breast cancer.
In the present work, the association between CYP1A1 polymorphism (Thr461Asn) and breast cancer in Guilan province was investigated. The blood samples were obtained from 120 patients and 80 controls. After DNA extraction, specific primers were adapted to amplify the specific fragment using restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) and the results were examined through gel-electrophoresis. The product of amplification was digested with restriction enzyme BsmA
.
Genotype distributions of the CYP1A1 gene showed no significant difference between patients and controls (P = 0.12, Allele A in patients 0.16, in controls 0.10, Allele C in patients 0.84, and controls 0.9, respectively).
The results from this study suggest that the Thr461Asn polymorphism of CYP1A1 gene may not be associated with the risk of breast cancer in the population of Guilan province. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of CYP1A1 gene in breast cancer.

Occurrence insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or Type 1 DM is growing worldwide. Checking serum glucose is necessary for management of DM. Serum glucose assessment involves needle puncture or venipuncture. The aim of this study was to assess the salivary glucose level in monitoring glycaemia in children with IDDM.
Serum as well as stimulated and unstimulated saliva were collected from 34 IDDM and 34 non-diabetic subjects. Serum and saliva glucose levels were measured by GOD-POP. For the statistical analysis of student’s t-test, Pearson correlation test and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used.
Stimulated and unstimulated salivary levels of glucose were significantly higher in children with IDDM compared to control subjects. Serum glucose concentration correlates with stimulated (r = 0.407; P = 0.005), but not with unstimulated salivary concentration of glucose (r = 0.189; P = 0.145). Serum HbA1c correlates with unstimulated (r = 0.404; P = 0.001), but not with stimulated salivary concentration of HbA1c (r = 0.0.95; P = 0.526). The cut-off value of stimulated and unstimulated salivary glucose for the diagnosis of IDDM were 2.15 mg/dL and 1.05 mg/dL, respectively.
It seems that saliva glucose is higher in Type 1 diabetic mellitus subjects and checking of glucose in saliva may be applied as an index of DM.