Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:17 Issue: 1, winter 2019

  Extreme of professional exercise intensively increase the production of free radicals, damage to body tissues, and production of stress hormones and reduces the immune activity. The use of probiotic supplements has attracted sports community attention to promoting the health and performance of athletes. In this study, the effect of probiotic supplementation was investigated on psychological conditions and the level of oxidative stress enzymes in athlete soldiers. This double-blind controlled trial was conducted on 40 swimmers that were randomly divided into two groups: A test group (n = 20 receiving one glass of probiotic juice daily for 12 weeks) and a control group (n = 20 receiving placebo juice for 12 weeks). The probiotic juice contained a probiotic strain of Bacillus coagulans at 1 × 109 CFU. The mental health status was evaluated by scoring on the POMS and the concentration of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant capacity in blood samples were determined using the kits at the beginning and the end of the three-month post-test every 15 days. After 12 weeks of intervention, a significant increase was observed in the antioxidants levels in the test group compared to the control group: SOD (43.10 ± 0.1000 vs. 28.25 ± 0.2500 u/mL; P < 0.0001), GPX (289.5 ± 1.500± vs. 160.0 ± 1.000 u/mL; P < 0.0001), total oxidative stress capacity (1.975 ± 0.005000 vs. 1.365 ± 0.005000 u/mL; P < 0.0001). In addition, psychological parameters were more favorable in the probiotic group than in the placebo group. Based on the results, the probiotic juice consumption has beneficial effects on the body's antioxidant system and mental health parameters in athlete soldiers.

  Exposure to environmental pollution is a very important factor that disrupts human metabolism. Cadmium is one of the toxic elements of the environment that has deleterious effects on various organs of the body, induces oxidative stress in the cell, and ultimately causes apoptosis. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of endurance exercise along with cadmium consumption on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax genes in the heart tissue of rats. In the present experimental research, 25 rats were randomly selected and divided into five groups of five rats (1) control, (2) sham, (3) cadmium consumption, (4) endurance training along with cadmium consumption, and (5) endurance training alone. Groups 3 and 4 received 2 mg/kg of cadmium per day peritoneally and groups 4 and 5 ran on the treadmill for three sessions of 60 minutes per week for eight weeks. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests were used (P ≤ 0.05). Cadmium significantly reduced the Bcl-2 gene expression (P = 0.003) and increased the Bax gene expression (P = 0.001) in the heart tissue of rats. On the other hand, endurance training significantly increased the Bcl-2 gene expression (P = 0.002) and reduced the Bax gene expression (P = 0.002) in the heart tissue of the rats. Eight weeks of endurance training can improve the Bcl-2 and Bax gene expressions in the heart tissue of rats exposed to cadmium.

  Memories are primarily defined as the fragmentary or partial reconstruction of what were actually experienced at the time of acquisition. Spatial learning is assessed through repeated trials and reference memory is assessed by the measurement of latency in finding a concealed platform preference for the platform area when the platform is not present. Our daily experience, as well as learning experiments performed in animal studies, has enabled us to know that the formation of long-lasting memory needs repeated practice. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated training on spatial learning impairment, which was induced by the administration of testosterone in young adult rats. Cannula were bilaterally implanted into the Cornu Ammon (CA1) region of the hippocampus while testosterone (Testosterone Enantate, Aburaihan Pharmaceutical Company, Tehran) was daily microinjected for 3 minutes in each side. In this study, twenty-four male adult rats were divided into three groups as follows: the control group that received no treatment, the sham group that received DMSO as a drug solvent, and the treatment group that received testosterone at a dose of 80 μg/0.5 μL DMSO/each side injected into the CA1 before each session. The results showed that the bilateral administration of testosterone into the CA1 region significantly increased the escape latency and the distance traveled by rats compared with the control and sham groups in the acquisition test. However, in the probe test (retrieval) there was no difference between the treatment group and other groups considering the escape latency and traveled distance. It seems that intra CA1 microinjection of testosterone causes the impairment in spatial learning. Repeated training enhances spatial learning in the Morris water maze (MWM) task, which leads to repeated long-term potentiation (LTP), spinogenesis, increased spine density, and spontaneous generation of new spines, resulting in the improvement of spatial memory in retrieval test.

  The traditional resistance training is the most effective way known to increase muscle mass. However, high-intensity resistance training may be difficult for some individuals and specific groups. In addition, most people are not encouraged to engage in high-intensity resistance training. Therefore, an alternative intervention is needed to solve this problem. The aim of this study was to compare the acute hormonal responses to high and low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction in young wrestlers. Thirty young wrestlers (age: 16.51 ± 2.1 years, weight: 53.23 ± 7.13 kg, height: 165.14 ± 8.42 cm, body mass index (BMI): 18.64 ± 1.35 kg/m2) participated in a quasi-experimental research. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups of resistance training: Low-intensity (LI), high-intensity (HI), and low-intensity with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR). The training protocol included three exercises: Leg extension, arm curl, and bench press. Blood samples were collected before and 30 minutes after the training sessions. The results showed that the creatine kinase level in the HI group, as well as the cortisol level in the HI and LI-BFR groups, increased significantly after resistance training (P < 0.05). In addition, testosterone/cortisol ratio decreased significantly in all groups (P < 0.05). However, testosterone levels did not change significantly in any groups (P > 0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that blood flow restriction training with the same anabolic effects, lower muscle damage index, less fatigue, and lower intensity is a better choice for training compared to high-intensity resistance training.

  Suicide has existed in all cultures historically. One of the major difficulties in the health system worldwide is suicide. The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating role of mental pain in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide ideation. The present research was descriptive-correlational. Accordingly, 371 students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. They answered the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), the mental pain scale of Orbach and Mikulincer (OMMP), and Beck suicide ideation scale (BSSI), which was administered to them. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.85 were used to categorize, process, and analyze data and examine the research hypotheses. Evaluation of the research hypothetic model using fitness indices showed that the hypothetic model fits with the model of measurement (CFI = 0.96, NFI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.062). The results showed that childhood trauma has both direct and indirect influences, through mental pain, on suicide ideation. Based on the research findings, it could be concluded that mental pain has a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide ideation. Considering the mechanism of effectiveness is important in articulating efficacious preventive and therapeutic interventions for suicide ideation.

  Food industry experts have tried to use these structures in order to integrate the functional food hydrophobic constituents in food networks in recent years. The present research is conducted to investigate the effect of a natural emulsion of Polylophium involucratum essential oil and its function in increasing the storage duration of green tiger prawn. The antimicrobial feature of the nano-emulsions through agar diffusion and the vapor phase, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods are studied. The average size of the 10% nano-emulsion particles prepared was 68.3 nanometers. The average diameter of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli growth inhibition zone for nano-emulsion in agar diffusion was 10.4 and 9 mm, respectively. The average diameter of growth inhibition zone in vapor phase diffusion for 10% nano-emulsion against both of the mentioned bacteria was zero. MIC and MBC amounts for 10% nano-emulsion obtained 50000 µg/L against S. aureus and 25000 µg/L for E. coli. Moreover, pH, weight decrease percentage, and total viable count (TVC), and psychrotrophic total count (PTC) microbial indices in nano-emulsion treatments underwent fewer changes as compared with the control treatment. In addition, color evaluation results indicated that meaningful changes do not exist between nano-emulsion treatments (P > 0.05). Using 10% nano-emulsion based on Polylophium involucratum is recommended for decreasing the microbial count and enhancing the storage.

  Sleep is an organized behavior that is repeated every day as a vital necessity based on the biological rhythm. Sleep deprivation is known as one of the major problems that can cause functional impairment in individuals. Therefore, it is expected that sleep deprivation in interns also causes problems in their performance. According to the importance of cognitive health in health care workers, we decided to study the effects of partial and chronic sleep deprivation on attention and working memory in the emergency medicine interns in Yazd University of Medical Sciences. The number of 50 emergency medicine interns were randomly selected and their demographic information was entered the data collection form. The subjects were examined before and after the one-month period of the shift work. Working memory and attention in participants were compared with the application of working memory and attention tests in 2-time points. Finally, the collected data were entered the SPSS software version 16 and statistical tests were performed subsequently. The results showed that there is no significant difference between the mean of direct and reverse auditory working memory, direct and reverse visual working memory, as well as the divided attention of participants before and after the one-month period of the shift work, but there was a significant difference between the average of selective attention of participants before and after the one-month period of the shift work (P value < 0.05). Also, this study showed that, regardless of the effect of sleep deprivation, the mean of divided attention and working memory are different between males and females. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the type of sleep deprivation in the emergency medicine interns only reduces the selective attention and this effect was not dependent on the gender.

 Today, stress and burnout are common problems among employees working in service industries; however, they have serious consequences for organizations and can lead to lower productivity. Thus, it is important to identify the factors reducing occupational stress and burnout.

 We aimed to investigate the relationship of mindfulness with burnout and adaptive performance with the mediatory role of resiliency.

 Participants consisted of 220 employees from an industrial company who were selected by using the stratified random sampling method. The data collection instruments were Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), Aadaptive Performance Questionnaire, Burnout Questionnaire, and Resilience Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS version 23 and AMOS 23 software programs.

 SEM confirmed the proposed model’s fitness. The results indicated the direct and indirect effects of mindfulness on adaptive performance and burnout through resiliency.

 According to the results, one of the strategies for alleviating burnout and improving employees’ health and adaptation to workplace is the training of mindfulness skills with the aim of enhancing resilience skills against the stressful and challenging workplace conditions.