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Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research - Volume:14 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016

Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Volume:14 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/06/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Iman Nasseh *, Maryam Khodadadi, Rasoul Khosravi, Alireza Beirami, Negin Nasseh Page 1
    Context: Pharmaceutical products, particularly antibiotics, are new emerging contaminants that have caused much concern due to their accumulation in the environment and their other various adverse effects. Among such pharmaceutical products, metronidazole (MTN) is an important pollutant in the environment due to its broad use and resistance to biological breakdown. As a result, the need to control and eliminate this pollutant must be addressed more than ever. In this study, in addition to providing the most widely used methods for eliminating MTN antibiotic from the contaminated waste, the advantages and disadvantages of each method have also been analyzed.
    Evidence Acquisition: This descriptive-interpretive study was conducted using documents and library resources.
    Results
    There are several methods to remove antibiotics from aqueous environments, each having disadvantages along with advantages, which limit their application. Meanwhile, nanotechnology with its new solutions suggests that nano-sized substances can lead to more effective, cheaper, and more durable water treatment technologies, which can satisfy the needs of developing countries.
    Conclusions
    According to the results of this investigation, it appears that in recent years, nanotechnology and advanced oxidation process, which are based on the production of free and active radicals, especially OH0, have been effective because of their high oxidation power.
    Keywords: Metronidazole, Aquatic Solution, Antibiotics, Removal
  • Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh *, Asma Taheri, Fatemeh Heyat Page 2
    Context: Neurotrophins have been recognized as the main trophic factors in the nervous system. They are a broad family of polypeptide growth factors and the main factors responsible for the modulation of synaptic development. They share a common basic structure but in certain areas which connect to their specific receptors.
    Methods
    This is a review of the literature over the past two decades through keyword searches of brain-derived neurotropic, physical activity, and the hippocampus in databases.
    Results
    Thus, they execute different actions triggering survival or apoptosis pathways. It has been reported that brain considerably responds to exercise, which results in significant changes in anatomical, molecular, and cellular level of the body. Findings suggest that exercise and activity help maintain cognitive function and brain structure, especially due to aging. Brain plasticity that is controlled by BDNF can be the basis of the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain health.
    Conclusion
    In Addition, exercise improves the survival of neurons and increases resistance to pathogenic diseases. This review examines different molecular effects of BDNF as well as the effect of different exercises on the expression of this factor.
    Keywords: Brain, Derived Neurotropic Factor, (BDNF), Hippocampus, Exercise
  • Hamidreza Heidari, Mohsen Mahdinia, Hoda Rahimifard, Mohammadreza Mohammadbeigi, Ahmad Soltanzadeh, Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi * Page 3
    Background
    Burnout is a psychophysical syndrome that lead to negative attitudes of the person toward his/herself, job, and others.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was the determination level of exhaustion dimensions and related factors in employees of a military industry.
    Methods
    This study was conducted in December 2013 on 149 employees. In this study, data gathering was done with demographic questionnaires and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Information was gathered in a semi-supervised self-reported manner. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.
    Results
    The mean score of Depersonalization was equal to 3.25 ± 3.43, personal accomplishment 31.89 ± 7.01, and emotional exhaustion10.78 ± 9.09 (M ± SD). 17.4% of employees have moderate to high level of depersonalization and 19.5% have moderate to high level of emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, 15.8% have weak personal accomplishment. Of the assessed variables, education, chronic diseases, and work experience are significantly associated with burnout.
    Conclusions
    Based on the average, burnout level in the study group is assessed as favorable. Given the proven correlation between individual and occupational variables and burnout in this study and other studies, it is necessary to pay more attention to prevent these factors of burnout and corrections in work conditions for the subjects who work in such workplaces.
    Keywords: Burnout, Exhaustion, Occupational Exposure, Industry, Workers
  • Yusuf Turk Barahui *, Ali Arab, Zahra Nikmanesh Page 4
    Background
    Through destroying moral, human, and religious values, addiction estranges people from the transcendent human nature. Moreover, drug dependence replaces an addict’s healthy and genuine relationships with him/herself, his/her relatives, and God. In this regard, the present study aimed at comparing religious orientation and perception of God in addicts and non-addicts.
    Methods
    This was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included all self-introduced male and female addicts who referred to addiction treatment centers in Zahedan in 2015. In this study, 308 individuals (154 addicts and 154 non-addicts) were selected using convenience sampling method. To collect data, the religious orientation scale (Allport, 1950) and the perception of God index (Lawrence, 1997) were used. The obtained data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance.
    Results
    The results of data analysis revealed a significant difference between addicts and non-addicts in religious orientation, meaning that religious orientation was more extrinsic in addicts and more intrinsic in non-addicts. Additionally, the findings revealed a significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to the perception of God, such that the mean score of non-addicts was higher than that of the addicts.
    Conclusions
    The intrinsic religiousness and positive perception of God protect people’s personality and human dignity; however, drugs deprive people from human personality, moral virtues, and self-esteem. Therefore, promoting and developing intrinsic religious values play a significant role in preventing addiction.
    Keywords: Religious Orientation, Intrinsic Religiousness, Extrinsic Religiousness, Perception of God
  • Fatemeh Ahmadi * Page 5
    This study aimed to determine the effects of 4 weeks of vitamin C supplementation on total antioxidant capacity and serum lactate of women active after eccentric exercise. Twenty active and healthy female volunteers (23 ± 1.4 years, the percentage of fat 21.49 ± 1.62 and the maximum oxygen consumption of 45.26 ± 2.18 mL/kg. min) were divided into 2 random groups of complementary homogenized vitamin C (1000 mg daily) and placebo (lactose 1000 mg). After 4 weeks of supplementation, all subjects participated in an aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 80% of maximal oxygen consumption (negative slope of 5 degrees) for a total of 45 minutes. Initial blood sample were taken at baseline before starting supplementation, the 2nd blood sample was taken after completing the supplementation, and the 3rd sample was taken after the sports convention. The normal data was examined using repeated analysis of variance, Bonferroni and independent t-test at meaningful level of 5% by SPSS version 23. The results showed that 4 weeks of acute consumption of vitamin C, prior to exercise, significantly increased (P 0.05). According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that vitamin C supplementation can probably reduce adverse changes in oxidative stress damage indices of aerobic exercise in disabled women by increasing total antioxidant capacity of the base serum.
    Keywords: Vitamin C, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Lactate, Eccentric Exercise
  • Yazgaldi Nazari *, Masoud Nikbakht, Abdolhamid Habibi, Saeed Shakeryan Page 6
    Objectives
    Physical activity, one of the most important factors affecting energy metabolism, plays an important role against obesity and being overwight. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in addition to its role in the differentiation of neurons and synaptic plasticity, has a key role in controlling body weight and energy homeostasis through hypothalamus pathway. Therefore, this study addressed acute and chronic effects of combined training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. It also probed the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factors and anthropometric variables including body mass index and fat percentage in overweight young men.
    Methods
    Participants of the study included 20 overweight men aging 20 - 25 with a body mass index of 25 - 30. Having been selected randomly, they were equally divided into control and experimental groups. Three times of blood samplings were done: before the start of training, after the first session of training (acute), and 48 hours after the end of the 8 week training (chronic). Combined endurance and strength trainings were carried out 3days/week for 8 weeks, as training in the first session started at 50% of intensity and it was progressively increased by 5% each week.
    Results
    There were increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the training group after both acute and chronic exercise training. However, the concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and anthropometric characteristics of the subjects were not correlated.
    Conclusions
    It seems that brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are affected by physical activity. An increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factors may result in metabolic and physiological changes within the body and have a protective role against inactivity-related diseases such as obesity.
    Keywords: Combined Training, Brain Derived Neurothrophic Factor, Overweight