فهرست مطالب

Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences - Volume:19 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:19 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/11/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Seyedeh Hajar Sharami, Manoush Zendehdel *, Fariba Mirblouk, Maryam Asgharnia, Roya Faraji, Seyedeh Fatemeh Dalil Heirati, Fatemeh Salamat Page 1
    Background
    Preeclampsia is a relatively common pregnancy disorder that originates in the placenta and causes variable maternal and fetal complications.
    Objectives
    The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors of preeclampsia based on severity.
    Methods
    This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on 448 participants (330 normal pregnant, 77mild and 91severe preeclamptic women). Inclusion Criteria were age 15 - 44 years and 20 - 24 weeks of gestation. The data collection form consisted of the kind of pregnancy (normal, mild or sever preeclampsia), BP, U/A, other library tests, demo graphic information, history of obstetrics and diseases. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, POST HOC test (tukey HSD), Chi-square and logistic regression using SPSS version 16.
    Results
    Finding showed the mean age in the severe preeclampsia group and the mean BMI in mild and severe preeclamptic women were significantly higher than normal group. Also there was significant relationship between preeclampsia and age, BMI, RH, history of abortion, preeclampsia and chronic hypertension. Logistic regression analysis showed that respectively the negative RH and history of preeclampsia increased the risk of severe preeclampsia.
    Conclusions
    Based on results, chronic hypertension, history of abortion and BMI had been indicated as risk factors of mild preeclampsia and history of preeclampsia had been obtained as the risk factors of severe type. Also, negative RH was the common risk factor for mild and severe types. Therefore, our result support different risk factors for subtypes of preeclampsia.
    Keywords: Preeclampsia, Risk Factors, High Risk, Abortion, Mild Preeclampsia, Severe Preeclampsia, Hypertension, Proteinuria
  • Maryam Nasresfahani *, Ali Mohammad Ahadi, Hoda Ayat, Hashem Nayeri Page 2
    Background
    Microcin E492 is a low molecular weight channel-forming microbial toxin that is produced by some Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. This peptide is active in some strains of Enterobacteriaceae family, and it has different applications in medicine.
    Objectives
    The present descriptive analytical study was carried out to determine the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae with gene encoding Microcin E492 in clinical specimens isolated from patients registered in two hospitals in Isfahan, Iran.
    Methods
    In this interventional-descriptive study, 45 clinical specimens including 20 urine clinical specimens, 10 respiratory tract clinical specimens and 15 burn wounds specimens were selected from Al-Zahra and Imam Musa Kazem hospitals in Isfahan during the year 2013. Total DNA was extracted from clinical specimens and hot start PCR was optimized using specific primers for the amplification of the complete sequence of E492 gene. Fidelity of PCR products was confirmed by direct sequencing. Homology analysis was performed by application of BLAST serve. The data were analyzed with Chromasv2.1.1 software.
    Results
    In forty-five collected clinical specimens (20 urine clinical specimens, 10 respiratory tractclinical specimens and 15 burn wounds specimens), 20 samples (44.4%) were screened with Klebsiella pneumoniae contamination. PCR analysis was showed presence of E492 gene in 40% (8 samples) of contaminated clinical specimens.
    Conclusions
    About 40% of the clinical specimens collected from Isfahan hospitals contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae had microcin E492 gene. These types of microcins are low molecular weight antibiotic peptides produced by Enterobacteriaceae with a wide range of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. This property can be useful for antibacterial trials. Existence of microcin gene in Enterobacteriaceae can develop them into a dominant microbial flora in human body internal environment.
    Keywords: Microcin E492, Bacteriocin, Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Nasser Sobhi Gharamaleki, Saeed Pourabdol*, Ramin Saravani, Shahzad Saravani Page 3
    Background
    Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a kind of disorder that may lead to interpersonal, emotional, educational and domestic problems. Moreover, it may lead to high-risk behaviors among teenagers and this area of research is now a focus of attention for many researchers in order to find solution for its treatment and prevention.
    Objectives
    The aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the decrease of high risk behaviors among students suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
    Methods
    This research was done experimentally and through designing pre-test and post-test and using control group. Research population included all male third-grade high school students suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (case study: Ardabil city, 2015). Research sample included 40 male students suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder who were selected through multi-step cluster sampling and classified into two groups: experimental group (n = 20 subjects) and control group (n = 20 subjects). For data collection we used Iranian teenage risk-taking scale, Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scale- Self report form and Subscale and diagnostic interview based on DSM-5. The data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model in the SPSS software version 22.
    Results
    The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that dialectical behavior therapy had been effective in decreasing high-risk behaviors (P
    Conclusions
    According to the findings training dialectical behavior is effective in controlling emotional behavior and in regulation of emotions; therefore, along with other therapeutic methods we can use this approach as an effective way to decrease psychological and behavioral problems mainly high risk behaviors of teenagers suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
    Keywords: Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Disorder, High, Risk Behavior, Dialectical Behavior Therapy
  • Sayed Abbas Haghayegh*, Hamid Taher Neshatdoost, Peiman Adibi, Farah Shafii Page 4
    Background
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal disorder that have considerable psychological features.
    Objectives
    This research aimed to determine the efficacy of dialectical behavioral therapy on stress, resilience and coping strategies of IBS patients.
    Methods
    The study was quasi-experimental that including two intervention and control groups. Fifty-two IBS patients who met this diagnosis- according the Rome III criteria- were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups with 26 IBS patients in each group. The dialectical behavioral therapy-according to Moonshine s manual- was conducted in 8 weekly sessions in a gastroenterology clinic in Isfahan. The questionnaires of stress, resilience and coping strategies were completed as the pretest, post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed with SPSS.20.
    Results
    Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that dialectical behavioral therapy had a significant effect in reduction of post-test mean scores of emotional coping strategies (P
    Conclusions
    Dialectical behavioral therapy could be useful to improvement of psychological status of IBS patients, but it needs longer therapeutic period for more persistent effects.
    Keywords: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Coping Strategies, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Stress, Resilience
  • Ahmadreza Abbasifar, Sepideh Ghani *, Maryam Ahsani Irvani, Behnam Rafiee, Babak Valizade Kaji, Alireza Akbari Page 5
    Background
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely applicable particles whose application is increasing in Nano world daily. Silver nanoparticles have expressed significant advances owing to wide range of applications in the field of bio-medical, sensors, antimicrobials, catalysts, electronics, optical fibers, agricultural, bio-labeling and the other areas. Green synthesis is the safe and easiest method of producing silver nanoparticles. Because of the production of the silver ions, silver nanoparticles are found to have the antibacterial activity.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using extracts of Hedera helix against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
    Methods
    In this experimental study AgNPs were prepared by the reaction of 1mM silver nitrate and extracts of Hedera helix. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was assessed by using disc diffusion method against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
    Results
    AgNPs obtained showed significantly higher antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis and K. pneumonia in comparison to both AgNO3 and raw plant extracts.
    Conclusions
    Biological methods are a good competent for the chemical procedures, which are environment friendly and convenient.
    Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Silver Nanoparticles, Hedera helix
  • Fahimeh Nourbakhsh *, Majid Rajai, Hassan Momtaz Page 6
    Background
    Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial pathogen around the world, especially in the intensive care unit that most A. baumannii infections are caused by the outbreak strains.
    Objectives
    This study has been performed in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, aimed to detect integron classes I, II, III and molecular typing of A. baumannii genes.
    Methods
    In this Cross-sectional study, Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from 150 patients in Isfahan hospitals then antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The presence of genes coding in antibiotic resistance and integrons class I, II, III were analyzed by using of M-PCR method. The data were analyzed by Chi-square, Fischer’s test and SPSS statistical software version 16.
    Results
    Antibiotic resistance pattern for Acinetobacter baumannii show that the high resistance was for ciprofloxacin with frequency of 98.3%, ceftazidime with 89.4%, and tetracycline with frequency of 87.3%. The most sensitive antibiotics were chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin with frequency of 3.5% and 3.2% resistance. The detection of dfrA1 (63.7%), sul1 (68.6%), aac (3)-IV (54.4%), tet (B) (22.4%), tet (A) (78.3%), aadA1 (15.4%), CITM (17. %), vim (12.2%), Qnr (17.1%), blaSHV (19.8%), sim (7.8%), Oxa-24-like (13.2%), Oxa-51-like (11.9%), Oxa-58-like (39.4%), Oxa-23-like (12.6%), imp (9.2%), cmlA (19%) and cat1 (8.6%) were respectively reported too. Also in this study Frequency of integrons class 1, 2, 3 were (100%), (28%), (6.6%) respectively.
    Conclusions
    High prevalence of integrons among Acinetobater baumannii isolated from Isfahan hospitals indicate the importance role of integron classes in multidrug resistance. Considering the increasing pattern of MDR infections is one of the important issues of treatment which can be effective strategy for curing.
    Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Integron Classes, Acinetobacter baumannii
  • Maziar Mahjoubifard, Masoomeh Nataj Majd*, Somaye Sadat Heidary, Nariman Mahjoubifard Page 7
    Background
    Shivering is a frequent phenomenon in postoperative period. Post spinal shivering causes a major distress for patients and may induce some complications. Investigations to control shivering could not mange it completely.
    Objectives
    The aim of this randomized single-blind study was to investigate how much the high dose (50 μg) of intrathecally administered fentanyl would influence the incidence and severity of shivering in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.
    Methods
    In this prospective clinical trial, seventy healthy patients scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia using 75 mg of hyperbaric 5% lidocaine were randomly allocated to receive an additional 50 μg (1 mL) of fentanyl intrathecally (group F) or normal saline 1 mL (groups).Then the level of shivering was measured with crossly and mahajon scale and analyzed with chi-square test using SPSS version 17 software.
    Results
    The incidence of shivering up to two hours after spinal anesthesia was 13 from 35 patients (37.2 %) in group F, and 27 from 35 patients (77.2%) in group S. The difference was statistically significant (P
    Conclusions
    Addition of 50 μg fentanyl to 75 mg of hyperbaric 5% lidocaine intrathecally can reduce the incidence and severity of shivering in patients who receive abdominal hysterectomy without increasing other side effects.
    Keywords: Fentanyl, Lidocaine, Shivering, Hysterectomy
  • Hadi Kazemi, Davood Yadegarynia, Sara Rahmati Roodsari *, Zahra Arab Mazar Page 8
    Background
    Nosocomial infections are one of the health problems of modern societies, which are rising with unusual organisms. Acintobacter, which is the main cause of nosocomial infections such as pneumonia and nosocomial pneumonia, is caused by mechanical ventilation. Acinetobacter species are becoming resistant to antibiotics. One the most important agent of nosocomial infections with high mortality is infections by Acinetobacter baumannii which is Gram- negative opportunistic Coccobacilli. Treatment in these infections is difficult and sometimes impossible, due to multidrug resistance in strains isolated from nosocomial infections.
    Objectives
    The aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii isolates Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study 100 of Acintobacter baumannii were isolated from hospitalized patients during 2013-2015 in Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital in Tehran. In this study samples of A. baumannii isolated from trachea, blood, urine, sputum and wound samples of patients bedridden in Intensive care unit (ICU) wards. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by E-test methods. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the data by using SPSS 21 software.
    Results
    A total of 100 A. baumannii were isolated from clinical samples. The organism was resistant to rifampicin (46%), gentamicin (67%), meropenem (100%), piperacilin (98%), colistin (0%), and ceftazidin (96%).
    Conclusions
    The antibiotic resistance against most of the antibiotics especially meropenem is very high in this study. Moreover, colistin was most effective antibiotic to be used in A. baumannii infections. Colistin is the best choices for treatment of Acinetobacter.
    Keywords: Acintobacter baumannii, Resistance, Susceptibility, E, Test Method