Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:20 Issue: 3, Mar 2018

Alzheimer’s disease can give rise to aphasia and difficulties with word finding, naming, and word comprehension. Also it can affect the comprehension of morpho-syntactic patterns device as one of cohesive devices.
The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the comprehension of sub-devices of morpho-syntactic patterns in the speech of Persian-speaking elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease and the normal elderly based on Dooley and Levinson’s perspective. Sub-devices of morpho-syntactic patterns include consistency of inflectional categories, echoic utterances and discourse-pragmatic structuring.
This descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional research conducted on the speech of 12 elderly people comprising 6 Alzheimer and 6 normal individuals 74 to 90 years old who were selected using available sampling method. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and T-test.
The findings indicate, except for the consistency of inflectional categories (P = 0.017), in other two subsets including echoic utterances (P = 0.411) and discourse-pragmatic structuring (P = 0.245). However, in overall analysis of this device (P = 0.026).
This study supports the conclusion that there is a significant difference between the comprehension of Morpho-syntactic patterns device as a whole in the speech of Persian speaking Alzheimer’s and normal elderly people.

Two original methods for evaluation of response to tuberculosis treatment are sputum smear and culture. Sputum smear test has a low sensitivity and sputum culture is not available in many countries with endemic tuberculosis. There are some biomarkers diseases such as IgM anti-cardiolipin antibody which could be assessed for this purpose.
Therefore, we decided to measure the reduction rate of IgM anti-cardiolipin antibody during treatment of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients for monitoring response to treatment and then compare efficiency of this test with sputum smear conversion.
In this research study 30 sputum smear positive PTB patients were included by convenient sampling method and then their serum samples were taken before and after the first 3 months of anti-TB treatment for measurement of IgM anti-cardiolipin antibody serum level by Elisa method. Their serum level changes during treatment were analyzed by paired t test with SPSS software (ver.18).
The mean IgM anti-cardiolipin serum level during treatment showed significant reduction relative to its level at baseline in 27 (90%) of total patients (P The reduction of IgM anti cardiolipin serum level during treatment, could be a reliable indicator of effective treatment and specially it may be applicable in PTB patients who have negative sputum smear test or cannot deliver sufficient sputum for evaluation of response to anti-TB treatment.

Cognitive dysfunction, especially memory impairment is common in schizophrenia.
According to impact of memory problems on everyday life of schizophrenic patients, this research intended to assess the relationship between memory and behavioral signs of these patients for better therapeutic decision.
In this cross sectional study, seventy one schizophrenic patients admitted at Razi psychiatric hospital (Tehran, Iran) from July to December 2015, were included. Verbal memory was analyzed by Persian translated Wechsler memory subtests (WMS-III) of paired associates, recognition and numerical memory. Positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia is used for evaluation of psychiatric symptoms. Data were analyzed with a statistical software program (SPSS 20).
Word association memory has a significant correlation with negative signs, positive signs, excitement, anxiety and depression (P There is significant relation between verbal memory dysfunction and type and severity of psychological symptoms of schizophrenia patients. So, routine evaluation and treatment of these cognitive impairments should be considered as a part of comprehensive schizophrenia therapeutic approach.

The purpose of this study was to construction and validity and reliability of a survey about marital pathology a couple of women had symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality.
The method that was used for this survey was combination of exploratory research that was conducted in two steps. The first step was a qualitative factors discovery analysis one which included 15 semi-structured interviews with women with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and husbands, 14 semi-structured interviews with family experts and clinical psychologists and psychiatrists and review of scientific resources. Related articles were gathered based on qualitative content analysis. In the second phase, the validity and reliability of the data collection instrument were investigated. The statistical population consisted of all married women with obsessive-compulsive symptoms referring to counseling centers in Isfahan and their husbands.
The research sample consisted of 70 married women with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their husbands (140 participants) who were selected via the purposive sampling technique. Factor analysis was conducted through the SPSS software program. The research findings indicated that the questionnaire has six factors including extreme perfectionism, extreme concern, algebraic and focused (non-participatory) control, extreme sensitivity to affairs, coldness and sexual dysfunction, inflexibility. The results of factor analysis revealed a significant percentage of variance of the study variable by factors. As a result, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the total test was obtained as 0.96.
The scale enjoyed high levels of validity and reliability which contribute to obtaining factors and has the ability of identifying marital pathology of women with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality in clinical and couple researches.

Dental clinic and laboratory are environments where infectious diseases’ transmission occurs easily and prevention of cross infection between these places is a crucial issue in dental practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general dentists about infection control of dental impressions between clinic and laboratory in south Khorasan province.
In this cross - sectional study that done in 2014, the knowledge of dentists was assessed through a questionnaire consisting of twenty questions. For any questions a score from zero to two was awarded. For data extraction, scores of responses to each question were added together and the average was presented. For scores more than 34 good knowledge, between 25 and 34 moderate knowledge and less than 25 weak knowledge were reported. Level of dentists’ knowledge based on their gender, work experience and university was also assessed. Data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 16 in which Kruskal - Wallis and Mann - Whitney tests were used.
The average knowledge of general dentists about the studied subject was moderate (31.75 ± 3.85). There was not a significant difference between the average knowledge of dentists and gender as well as work experience (p > 0.05), but the mean of knowledge based on universities, showed significant differences (p = 0.003).
Considering the importance of infection control in dentistry and according the results of this study, a greater emphasis on teaching this topic in undergraduate course and holding continuing education courses for dentists on this field is recommended.