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Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences - Volume:20 Issue: 4, Apr 2018

Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:20 Issue: 4, Apr 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/02/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 5
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  • Nasser Sobhi Gharamaleki, Rasol Roshan, Saeed Pourabdol *, Shahrzad Saravani, Gholam Hossein Ghaedi Page 1
    Background
    Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is among disorders that has attracted the attention of many psychologists, psychiatrists, and researchers. The results of different researches have showed that the frontal lobe plays an important role in the incidence of this disorder and its continuity; therefore, the aim of the present research was to compare between frontal lobe function of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal students.
    Methods
    This research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The research population included all third-grade high school male normal students and those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Ardabil city (2015), from which 60 students (including 30 normal students and 30 students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) were selected through multi-step cluster sampling. For data collection, Conner’s adult ADHD Rating Scale-Self report form and subscale, subtests of similarities, mazes, Wechsler’s picture regulation, and Wisconsin’s cart sorting test, tower of London test, and diagnostic interview based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)-5 were used.
    Results
    The results of multivariate of variance analysis (MANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between frontal lobe function of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal students. On the other hand, the function of frontal lobe among students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was significantly weaker than normal students (P
    Conclusions
    The obtained results showed that functions of frontal lobe, such as inhibition behavior, social judgment, abstract reasoning, planning, and other functions related to this lobe among students with this disorder was weaker than normal students; hence, it is necessary to take measures in order to improve their psychological health through suitable treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy with emphasis on cognitive remediation, correcting cognitive distortions, and training behavioral techniques.
    Keywords: Attention, Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Frontal Lobe, Students
  • Ramin Shabani *, Zohreh Jalali, Marzieh Nazari Page 2
    Background
    Physical activity is recognized as a basic component of the management of children with obesity.
    Objectives
    The current study aimed at exploring the effect of a 12-week concurrent strength and aerobic training on body composition, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasma insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) between the females with overweight and obesity.
    Methods
    The current semi-experimental study was conducted on 40 females (20 with obesity and 20 with overweight) aged 13 - 15 years selected and randomly assigned into four groups. Strength training was performed three days a week each session for 30 minutes at 50% to 80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and aerobic training started from 50% and progressively reached 80% of maximum heart rate. Blood samples and anthropometric parameters were measured before and after practice. Data were analyzed by covariance. P
    Results
    Significant changes were observed in body mass index (BMI), weight, body fat percentage (%BF), and skinfold fat after the intervention (P 0.05).
    Conclusions
    The current study suggested that concurrent strength and aerobic training can improve body composition of females with overweight and obesity, and normal blood lipid and glucose hemostasis. However, it did not affect glucose hemostasis and lipid profile.
    Keywords: Insulin, Total Cholesterol, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Body Composition
  • Mansour Karajibani *, Ali Reza Bakhshipour, Farzaneh Montazerifar, Alireza Dashipour, Sedigheh Rouhi, Maryam Moradpor Page 3
    Background And Objectives
    Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common syndrome. Several factors are known with GERD, which lead to improvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS). The objective of this study was to determine pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance (PAB) in GERD patients in order to determine oxidative stress and the correlation between PAB and other parameters in the population study.
    Methods
    Overall, 38 GERD patients (mean age 31.3 ± 10.1 years) and 60 healthy subjects (mean age 30.2 ± 14.8 years) were selected as controls. After recording the demographic characteristics of patients, body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were determined as well as body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHpR), and body size were calculated. Food frequency questionnaire was used for data about food consumption. Information on food habits was recorded by a trained interviewer. The PAB was simultaneously measured by a modified PAB assay using 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine benzidine (TMB). Statistical analysis was done by the SPSS software, version 17. Data were considered significant at a level of P
    Results
    The results showed that there was not a significant difference based on the mean levels according to PAB, food groups, and food habits between the two groups. There was a significant correlation between PAB and BMI (r = 0.41, P = 0.0001) and WC r = 0.24, P = 0.04). There was a significant difference based on consumption of fast foods between the two groups (X2 = 12.3, P = 0.002).
    Conclusions
    The findings showed that PAB values are not significantly increased in GERD patients compared with controls. However, they are exposed to oxidative stress. A significant correlation was observed between PAB and BMI, and WC. It seems the increase of PAB in these patients needs to be confirmed by further studies.
    Keywords: Oxidative stress, GERD, BMI, Waist Circumferences, Nutrition Status
  • Ramona Mosavian Naeini, Mansour Sahebozamani, Mohammad Naser Nazem * Page 4
    Background
    Runners and team players frequently use motorized treadmill to impose exercise stress. On the other hand, some studies showed that running may lead to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The current study aimed at comparing the effects of running on inclined treadmill on the occurrence of knee joint OA between male and female rats with the same age and body weight.
    Methods
    Forty adult male and female Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into two male and female control and two male and female runner groups. A similar running exercise was performed in both male and female rats for six weeks on a treadmill with 18° inclination. On the day 43, animals were euthanized and the whole rat knee joints were evaluated microscopically and macroscopically.
    Results
    The gross evaluation of knee articular surface in four male and all female runner rats were irregular. Mankin’s findings were higher in the female runners than the male runners. In female runners, the synovial layer showed a mild sinovitis. The average of cartilage thickness and chondrocyte number were significantly lower in female runner group than the female controls.
    Conclusions
    The obtained results showed no sinovitis and moderate sinovitis in male and female runners, respectively. There was mild OA both in male and female runners. The current study confirmed that the development of knee OA may be related to the gender differences.
    Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Running, Gender, Rat
  • Ehsan Valavi *, Majid Aminzadeh, Elham Shirvani, Leila Jaafari, Simin Madhooshi Page 5
    Background
    The decreasing of mortality rate is one of the most important goals in every intensive care unit (ICU). This study was performed to determine the main causes of admission and mortality rate in our referral pediatric ICU (PICU).
    Methods
    In this retrospective study, all patients (age-group, 1 month - 16 years) admitted to the PICU in one year were included and patients with less than a 3h duration of admission, multiple traumas, and post-surgery patients were excluded.
    Results
    Among the 688 patients enrolled in the study, 55.6% were male and the mean patient age was 2.7 years. The most common causes of admission were pneumonia (22.9%), bronchiolitis (8.6%), and septicemia (7.9%). The mean duration of hospitalization was 3.3 days and the mortality rate was 16.5%, with a mean age of 2.2 years and 51.8% male. The most common causes of overall mortality were pneumonia (21.6%) and septicemia (16.2%), however, mortality was more common in patients admitted with septicemia (36.6%), liver failure (31.6%), chronic renal failure (28.6%), and meningitis (27.3%). Patients who had undergone intubation before admission, decreased level of consciousness, and prolonged duration of hospitalization were significantly correlated with the mortality (P
    Conclusions
    Our results indicate that the respiratory failure and severe infections are the most common causes of admission and mortality in the PICU and very young children are at risk of high incidence of mortality.
    Keywords: Mortality, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Respiratory Insufficiency