Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 2, 2006

Rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) is the most principal source of serotoninergic neurons to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and it has important role in pain modulation. Rostroventromedial medulla neurons have glutaminergic receptors. Gabapentin is a novel anticonvulsant drug, which has antinociceptive used. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of glutaminergic receptors in rostroventromedial medulla as an important supraspinal center, on antinociceptive effect of gabaoentin in rat.Methods and Materials: In this study, 56 NMRI male rats weighing 250-300 gr has been used. Surgical procedure and rostroventromedial medulla cannulation was done in stereotaxic apparatus for intranuclear injection of DNQX (1mg/ml saline) and/or MK-801 (6mg/ml saline) into this area as non-NMDA and NMDA antagonists, respectively. Animals were divided to 7 groups as Intact, Sham-operated, Gabepentin, DNQX, Gabapentin+ DNQX, MK-801 and Gabapentin+MK-801. Gabapentin was injected intraperitoneally (75mg/kg). Then tail-flick latency was recorded for 30 min in 5 min-intervals by tail flick analgesiometer. We used maximal possible effect of drug as an index for its analgesic effect. Gabapentin increases tail flick latency (5.86 ± 0.2 Sec) and maximal possible effect (32.64% ± 5.35) in compared to control group (3.81 ± 0.26 Sec). On the other hand, DNQX and/or MK-801 microinjection in combination with gabapentin, decreased tail flick latency (5.48 ± 0.36 and 4.85 ± 0.26 Sec, respectively) as compared to gabapentin group. These findings have been shown that a part of antinociceptive action of gabapentin is done through the rosroventromedial medulla. DNQX inhibits non-NMDA receptors in this area and activates its descending pathways to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Therefore, gabapentin can not be affected on the spinal cord and so, analgesic action of gabapentin is reduced. MK-801 inhibits NMDA receptors in rosroventromedial medulla and it also decreased analgesic effect of gabapentin. It’s possible that gabapentin enhances glutamate release and activates NMDA receptors in the rosroventromedial medulla.

To establish between hypomagnesemia and predicts excessive morbidity, particularly ventricular tachyarrythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Method and Materials: A case control study was designed over one year period in 200 patients with AMI (100 patients with ventricular tachyarrythmias and 100 patients without arrythmias) whose admitted to a coronary care unite of khatam hospital of zahedan. For all of them serum magnesium concentration was measured first and 12 hours later during 24h after AMI the patient’s rhythm was continously recorded. The main study parameters were occurance of ventricular tachyarythmias and lts relationship with hypomagnesemia. From 100 patients with AMI and ventricular tachyarrythmias mean ages were 57/2 ± 12/9 (p=0/36) and first serum magnesium was 1/9 ± 0/46 (p=0/051) and second serum magnesium was 2± 0/32 (p=0/003) and %55 of patients were male that from those patients due to first serum magnesium 39 patients were hypomagnesemic, OR=2/4 and due to second serum magnesium 36 patients were hypomagnesemic, OR= 10/7 and from 100 patients with AMI without ventricular tachyarrythmias mean ages were 58/9 ± 12/3 (p=0/36) and first serum magnesium 2± 0/28 (p=0/051) and second serum magnesium 2/1± 0/18 (p=0/003) and %45 of patients were male that from those patients due to first serum magnesium 21 patients were hypomagnesemic and due to second serum mognesium only 5 patient were hypomagnesemic. In this study we conclude that hypomagnesemia due to first serum magnesium can increase 2/4 fold ventricular tachyarrythmias and due to second serum magnesium can Increase 10/7 fold.Thus hypomagnesemia can be a major risck factor for ventricular tachyarrythmias after AMI and immediate diagnosis and treatment of hypomanesemid can reduce morbidity and mortality after AMI. Thus we recommended that for any patients with AMI serum magnesium must be measured at admission to CCU and initiate proper treatment for hypomagnesemia

Helicobacter pylori infection is considered to play an etiologic role in several gastroduodenal diseases. Blood donors are often used as proxies for the general population in studies of H. pylori epidemiology. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-H. Pylori IgA antibodies in blood donors from Rafsanjan city. Methods and Materials: Serum samples of 180 healthy individuals (93 males; 87 females) aged 1 to 60 (including 138 bood donors of Rafsanjan Blood Transfusion Center and 42 healthy children) were tested for the presence of IgA antibodies against H. pylori. Anti-H. Pylori immunoglobulin was detected by used of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The seropositivity rates determined according to age and gender. The overall seroprevalence of IgA against H. pylori was 70% (95% CI: 62.74%-76.6%). The seroprevalece rate was significantly higher in females (78.2%) as compared to males (62.4%) (P<0.05). Moreover, the seropositivity rate of H. pylori was 45% and 77.5% among children and blood donors, respectively (P<0.01). The age-specific seropositive rate of anti-H. pylori antibodies were 43.3% at age 1-10 years, 60% at age 11-20 years, 70% at age 21-30 years, 76.6% at age 31-40 years, 83.3% at age 41-50 years and 86.6% at age 51-60 years with mean titer of 16.9, 26.6, 30.5, 31.3, 33 and 43.5 Uarb/ml, respectively. These results show that the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection is widespread among the blood donors of Rafsanjan city. The H. pylori seropositivity rates and titer of specific antibody increased with the advancement of age. Moreover, both the seroprevalence and titer of anti-H. Pylori antibody was higher in adults and females compared to children and males, respectively.

There are not any drugs without side effects. Additional consumption and self- medication of drugs increases the side effects of drugs and most drugs have un towards side effects on liver and kidney. The purpose of this study was determining the opinion and practice of students of medical university of Yazd on self-medication and self-consumption of drugs without inscription of physicians. This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 193 students of medical university of Yazd. The samples were selected randomly from 5 faculties of university. The data were collected by a questionnaire. For analyzing the data, we used the chi-square test and correlation coefficient Pearson’s. The prevalence of self-medication in students was more than 85%.This rate in men was more than women. The mean score of attitude of students was related to A question, about softy of drugs. Some factors that had influence on self-medication and self consumption were: not having the time for visiting physician, believed that drugs do not have remarkable side effects, as well as selling the drugs without the inscription by pharmacies. The prevalence of self-medication among the students was very high and a program for changing the attitude and the habits of students with regard to self medication is highly recommended.

During anesthesia, measurement of blood pressure is often obtained from the upper limb. In cataract surgery the arms are not easily available and blood pressure reading may be obtained from the lower limbs. The relationship between the blood pressure measurements at the two sites in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the difference observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) taken from the upper limb (UL) and the lower limb (LL) in geriatric patients under general anesthesia for cataract surgery. 113 Patients undergoing cataract surgery in supine position were selected. The blood pressure cuff was placed on right arm, right leg, left arm and left leg respectively. Before and then 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) readings were taken by finger palpation from the 4 limbs using the manual mercury sphygmomanometer. The same sphygmomanometer was used to make consecutive recordings from 4 limbs. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA. We found that SBP reading taken from the legs are significantly higher than arm pressures (P<0.001, ANOVA). There was no significant difference between left and right SBP at the arms and legs. There was significant difference between preanesthetic SBP and that of measured 20 min after induction of anesthesia (P<0.001, paired t-test).The mean SBP measured from right UL and right LL during anesthesia was 117.10±9.70 mmHg and 124.91±9.48 mmHg respectively. Our study shown that although in elderly patients, higher SBP readings obtained from the LL compared with the UL, but the difference in pressure is not clinically significant. The increased SBP in the LL of geriatric patients may be due to progressively decreased compliance of peripheral arteries. Our results suggest that indirect blood pressure measurement in legs may be an acceptable method during anesthesia for cataract surgery because it yields values that are at an approximate from those recorded at the arms.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart disease (CHD) and the most common anomaly of aortic valve.Aims of this study are planimetry of aortic valve and determination of effective aortic valve area (EAVA) for blood egress to anatomic aortic valve area (AAVA) during systole. In this congenital anomaly, aortic valve have 2 cusps instead of 3 cusps. Thirty patients were evaluated. AAVA & EAVA were measured by 2D & Doppler-echocardiography and continuity equation. All findings were matched and indexed for body surface area (BSA). This study was done in Tehran Shaheid Rajaei Hospital during 2003-2004. Matched mean AAVA was 2.05 Cm2/m2 BSA and matched mean EAVA was 1.41 Cm2/m2 BSA. Maximum aortic valve pressure gradient (AV-PG max) in systole was 56.56 mmHg. Forty percent of patients had aortic stenos is (AS), of them mild AS was seen in 16.66%. Moderate AS in 13.34% and intermediate AS in 10% of patients. There was no any case with severe AS. AS is common in BAV. In a significant number of patients aortic valve didn’t open completely during systole, and caused AS and murmur. Because of serious and significant complications of BAV such as bacterial endocarditic, progressive AS and AI, dilatation and aneurysm of aortic root, and aortic dissection, complete evaluation and follow up studies of any child with a heart murmur in order to rule out BAV are recommended.

To Determine the Prevalence of Migraine Among the Teachers at Zahedan. Because the Teachers Endure Many Stress for Gaining the high Goels. So Stress Is the Greatest cause for Catching Migraine and Economic Losses. Methods and materials: This study Planned to Descriptive – cross sectional. The target Group was the teachers at Zahedan. The Method of Sampling was cluster. Questionnaire consist of the questions about ago, sex, section of teaching, Record of teaching, systemic disease exclusivefrom, the specification of Headache, the causes of Intensification of Headache and the Intensity of headache. Data was Analysed by Spss program with chi squar test. In this Research, 1539 teachers were studied. 40% men and 60% women aged Averaglly 35.7±6.55 Yr. Prevalence of Migraine among samples was 9.7% it has not Meaning full Relation to native or age, education, record of teaching but Migraine headache related to sex and section of teaching. Prevalence of Migraine was 11.9% in women and 6.6% in men. Prevalence of Migraine in primery school teachers were 9.7%, in Guidence school, 8% and in high school teachers, 14% prevalence of Migraine with aura was 54.2%. According to the Results to this study,The Prevalence of Migraine Among the teachers who were tested, is equal to the normal prevalence of Migraine in the whole socity. In three section which was tested, for prevalence of Migraine, the teachers of high school affecting Migraine more than others. And it is arising from the youth's Edutional Problems.

Measurement of the plasma lipids is an essential component of prophylactic medicine. The current screening test for prediction of cardiovascular complications due to hyperlipidemia is LDL-C measurement through Friedwald formula. This test becomes progressively less accurate as plasma TG increases. The test is inapplicable in TG over 400. The measurement of non-HDL-C versus LDL-C in screening of hyperlipidemic patients is the aim of this study. In a descriptive analytic study we divided 1000 patients (20-60 years old) who referred to two laboratories in Zahedan Into five groups according to their TG levels. HDL-C (with Friedwald Formula), non-HDL-C, the correlation between HDL-C and plasma cholesterol level, the correlation between non-HDL-C and plasma cholesterol level were determined in each group. The findings revealed that the correlation between LDL-C and plasma cholesterol level decreases as TG level increases. At TG levels less than 400 mg/dl the correlation between LDL and non-HDL was not significant but was at TG levels over 400. It is inferred that we can use non-HDL instead of LDL-C (at any TG level) in order to screening of hyperlipidemic patients without fasting. It is still necessary to measure TG level for appropriate drug selection.

The main objective of this study was determination of presence of any difference between mean weight and height growth of students of Zahedan district and also their comparison of with National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standards.Methods and materials: This cross-sectional study was performed during 2001- 2002. Using a cluster sampling method, 1750 students (7 to 11 years old) were selected from student population of primary schools of different areas of Zahedan. Height and weight were measured with standard methods and a questionnaire was filled for every student. The students were categorized in five groups and the comparisons were made using t-test.

In all age groups, students of governmental schools located in deprived suburban areas were shorter than the students of private schools (P<0.05) and their mean weight were about 6 kilograms lower (P<0.05). Comparison of all the students of Zahedan with NCHS standards shows that their mean weight and height (in all age groups) is significantly lowers (P<0.001).

These findings implicate that socioeconomic factors may have a significant impact on growth and development of children. As another issue preparation of a national standard framework for measurement of children growth and development is necessary for future studies and have to come into consideration.

We have studied the effect of oral clonidine on Blood Pressure of the Patients under spinal anesthesia. For minor to moderate surgeries at Khatam-ul-anbia Hospital of Zahedan –Iran in 1380(2001).In this double –blinded, prospective, randomized study involving 50 patients who that divided in two 25-patients groups and the first groups reciveved oral clonidine 2 µg/kg drug 90 min pre-spinal anesthesia and the other group did not resived any drugs. 12% of group 1 patients had diastolic and systolic hypotension but at group 2, 24% had systolic hypotension and 16% had diastolic hypotension after 10 min interval of spinal anesthesia. But there were no statistical difference between the two groups. Implications: Oral clonidine as premedication has no any effect on the blood pressure following spinal anesthesia, so we can use oral clonidine as premedication for its benefits.