Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:12 Issue: 4, 2010

The superficial layer is a part of the cellular envelop that is seen in bacteria and archaea. This superficial layer is a single layer structure composed of subordinate proteins or glycoproteins. The superficial layer is the outer most cellular structure that is in the exchange and reaction around environment with bacteria. This structure has very diversity in bacteria different types. The related articles to superficial layer were extracted of these articles: Pubmed, Elsevier Science, and Yahoo, from 1995 to 2010 years. For this purpose keywords were searched including superficial layer, pathogenesis, pathogen bacteria, There is consensus in the case of the superficial layer and about the existence of this superficial structure lead to increased pathogenesis in bacteria, in all of the research articles. S-layers in pathogen bacteria with bacteria protection against bacteriophages and phagocytosis, resistance against low pH, adhesion, stabilisation of the membrane and providing adhesion sites for exoproteins caused pathogenesis, infection resistant and antibiotic resistant in host.The result of this study shows the prevalence of considerable S-layer in pathogen bacteria and this matter identified the bacteria generator importance of this structure in the laboratory

Oral cancer is one of the ten most frequent cancers worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), may play a key role in human cancer development. Inflammation occurs in cancers and increases oxidative stress agent COX2 over expression in oral premalignant lesions. Several studies showed COX2 inhibitors con improve antioxidant system. The aim of this study is the evaluation the effect of topical and systemic celecoxib on serum antioxidant in induction of tongue neoplasm in rat. m aterials and Fifty male Sprague Dawley adult 3-3. 5 month's old rats were used as animal model in this study. The tongue SCC was induced by a daily administration of 30 ppm 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), in drinking water, for 8 months. The rats in case groups received dietary or topical CCB. CCB powder was added to powdered basal diet and e ach rat received CCB with daily food. Adhesive Gels were prepared by mixing the base plasty with oral paste including two different dose of CCB. These groups include: group A» 30 ppm 4-NQO treatment; group B» 30 ppm 4-NQO+dietary CCB treatment; group C» 30 ppm 4-NQO+topical low dose CCB treatment; group D» 30 ppm 4NQO+high dose topical CCB treatment and group E» dietary CCB as control+water. Statistical analysis showed significant differens between groups in total antioxidant, hemoglobin and nutrophilic count. Topical CCB can use as adjuvant treatment for premalignant lesions

Dilatation and curettage (D&C) are common procedures in the assessment of abnormal uterus bleeding. One of the methods in pain reduction during dilatation and curettage is paracervical block, but it does not provide absolute pain reduction. This study was carried out to assess the paracervical block with and without lidocaine consumption to reduce pain during D&C. we conducted a double blind clinical trial on 60cases, candidate for (D&C) under paracervical block from April 2008 to March 2009 in Zahedan. The participants were randomly divided into two groups including intrauterine infusion of 5ml lidocain (2%) and 5ml normal saline (0.9%) after paracervical block. These two groups were compared for pain severity using of independent t and chi-squared tests 15, 30 and 60 minutes after operation; and complication and patients satisfaction. Findings of this study indicated that there was not any significant difference between two groups’ demographic characteristics and background variables before and during operation. The average of pain severity in 15, 30, and 60 minutes post operation in saline group was 3.8±3.4, 3.9±3.3, 3.4±2.1 and in lidocaine group was 1.8±2.4, 1.8±2.1, 1.8±2.2, respectively. They revealed statistically significant difference in three stages of time. The addition of intrauterine lidocaine to paracervical block in patients who are candidates for D&C operations may decrease pain after 15, 30 and 60 minutes post-operation without increasing of complications.

Hormonal responses to competitions and their relationships have been extensively examined in male athletes, but there are few studies in women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of competition stress on salivary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol in female handballists. Ten female handballists of Islamic Azad University (Sari Branch) (age 21.5±2.5 years) participated in this study. Salivary samples were collected 30 min and 5 min before competition, between two half times and immediately after four competitions. The salivary DHEA and cortisol concentrations were measured by ELISA method. The results of one-way ANOVA with repeated measures have shown a significant (p=0.001) increases for DHEA concentration after four competitions, however, cortisol and DHEA/cortisol ratio did not show any changes after four competition (p>0.05). These results indicate that salivary DHEA is more sensitive to competition situations than cortisol concentration. We suggested that androgens maybe more affected by competition.

Nowadays, dental and oral infections are regarded as major threats to human health whose treatments are always prime concern of dental surgeons. Staphylococci, streptococci, actinomycetes and mycoplasma are the most common causative agents of such infections. The objective of this study was to investigate drug resistance of viridance group streptococci (VGS) isolated from healthy children between 3-12 years old versus common antibiotics utilized in dentistry. The findings of this study can help dentists using the antibiotic of choice in remedial practices as well as assessment of sensitivity or resistance of VGS. In this cross sectional study saliva samples from of 213 healthy children aged between 3-12 years from their buccal surface of posterior teeth were collected and after culture. species were isolated. Next, drug sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion technique to find out sensitivity or resistance of VGS to penicillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, cephotaxim and cephteriaxon. Our findings revealed that resistance of VGS to antibiotics including: clindamycin, penicillin, cephteriaxon, erythromycin, vancomycin and cephotaxim was 59.6%, 52.6%, 30.5%, 12.2%, 10.8% and 1.5% and sensitivity of VGS to such antibiotics was 19.7%, 29.6%, 23%, 13.4%, 4.5% and 29.6% respectively. The results showed widespread resistance of VGS against chosen antibiotics, this indicates considerable use of antibiotics in this region.Controlled use and prescription of different antibiotics as well as increasing people knowledge about misuse of antibiotics in order to decrease the drug resistance is important.

Physical training is a useful method to reduce disease of cardiovascular, but the effect of exercise on the coagulation system is under investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the response of one bout exhaustive aerobic exercise and resistance training on some of coagulation markers in healthy young women. This quasi-experimental research was performed in 2009. Twenty trained volunteer female students of physical education Sari Azad university were selected objectively and availability. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic (n=10) and resistance training (n=10). Aerobic group performed an exhaustive workout program on treadmill intensity 65 to75% Vo2max on treadmill. The resistance group completed three sets of 5-7 repetitions of six exercises at an intensity corresponding to 80% of 1RM. Following 12 to 14 hours of nightly fasting, venous blood samples (5 cc) were collected pre, immediately after exercise and after 60 min of recovery and analyzed for PT, aPTT and fibrinogen. Participants were matched according to anthropometric measurements, age and Vo2max. Hypothesizes were tested by using independent t, repeated measures and post-hoc test (p 0.05). Both the aerobic and resistance training groups, PT time (p <0.001) and aPTT time significantly decreased (p=0.006, p < 0.001 respectively times between the two groups and the effect of resistant training on fibrinogen level immediately after exercise). Also aPTT time higher increased after recovery in comparison with baseline levels in aerobic (p=0.006) and resistance training groups (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in PT and aPTT was higher than aerobic training (p=0.0035). The results show that both of acute aerobic and or anaerobic exercise lead to small and transit coagulation system and increase in coagulation times.

In connection with specific situation of handicaps of war in terms of both mental and physical health, their wives are dealing with peculiar stresses. In this research the mental health status of war victims was investigated. Materials and m ethod : In a descriptive-analytical study, 100 spouses of handicaps of war from Zahedan (south-east of Iran) were selected during 2007, through systematic random sampling and they were assessed by GHQ-28 questionnaire and clinical interview. In this regard the mean of whole scores as well as 70% of individual's personal scores were higher than cut-off point (i.e. 24). ANOVA results did illustrate that through several variables, type of husband's disability had significant impact on the scores exclusively. The results of Tuky Post-Hoc test showed that the lowest mental health belonged to spouses of mentally disabled victims. Whereas, women whose husbands were handicapped both physically and mentally were placed in the second category. Furthermore, women whose couples had physical injury were in better mental health situation than the other groups. The level of mental health status of war victim's wives is low and it varies with regard to type of husband's disability. This difference was concerned with the nature of husband's symptoms and behaviors, besides in conformity with cognitive theories, the possibility of attribution to husbands’ behaviors instead of their hostility is explainable.

Healthy community is strictly dependent on having healthy children. Orodental care must begin from childhood. This study was designed to determine the mothers´ practice of mothers´ of orodental health of their 1-6 years old children. This was a cross-sectional study in which data was gathered using questionnaire and interview. Five hundreds mothers of 1-6 years old children,selected by random sampling method, took part in the study. Results proved 30.2% of mothers to be inefficent and 69.8% to be medium, but noefficent practice was absereved. There was no direct relation between practice with age, education and mothers jobs, economic status and place of residence (p=0.001). Findings showed that none of the mothers had efficient practice. This involves a broad planning and demonstrating the outcome of inefficient practice, by means media and special programs by health centers for all mothers with different ages and jobs.

The offered services to the emergency patients and their satisfaction are corroborant of the hospital quality. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of satisfaction of the emergency patients in Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital at Zahedan. This descriptive-analytic research was conducted on 300 emergency patients in the emergency department of Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital in 2008. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared test. The satisfaction of nursing care was 99.7%, admission section was 96.9%, the physician's performance satisfaction was 91.4% and the satisfaction to emergency environment was 82.2%. Also, there were no relationship between satisfaction and the patient's age, gender, education, recovery, the intensity of pain and the treatment cost. The services may induce satisfaction to the patients of emergency department.