Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 10, Oct 2015

Textile dyeing industries wastewaters are contain significant amounts of organic dye compounds. Presence of organic dyes in industrial effluents due to avoid light penetration into the water, impaired photosynthesis, decreased oxygen transport into the water, the solubility of gases and their toxic effects, irreparable damage to the environment [1]. So, treatment of colored wastewater of textile industries before discharging them into the environment is essential. Biological treatment processes for textile wastewater treatment is rarely used. These processes are commonly used to remove biological decomposition of organic compounds and suspended solids are effective but not efficient for the removal of dyes from textile wastewaters, because the colored compounds containing resistant and complex structures that can be done to slow down the rate of biodegradation of colors. The most commonly methods for color removal from textile wastewater are physical-chemical methods such as coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, ozonation, reverse osmosis, membrane filtration and advanced oxidation [2]. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages for the removal of dyes from wastewater. The main advantages of colored wastewater using coagulation and flocculation process, not the production of intermediate products that are toxic and harmful, mainly because of the color compounds in this way is not decomposed. In addition, this method is relatively high cost and performance in large scale [1, 2].The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of alum and ferric chloride coagulants for wastewater treatment of textile factories. For this purpose, the effect of pH and concentration of coagulants was investigated. For this study, the coagulant aluminum sulfate (alum) (Al2(SO4)3) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) for color Crepe-Naz textile wastewater treatment plants by measuring of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and pH were used. pH values tested for the selection of optimal pH were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and in this study a total of 240 samples according to standard methods for water and wastewater treatment experiments were analyzed [3]. The results showed that ferric chloride coagulant for removal of TSS, COD and color compared to alum has higher efficiency, so that maximum removal of COD, and color by alum 36, 19 and 68.8% respectively, while this amount by ferric chloride is 72, 60 and 98%, respectively. The optimum pH for alum and ferric chloride coagulants, respectively 7 and 5 were obtained. The result of this study with conducted study by Joneidi and Azizi [2] was coordinated so that, in the study, ferric chloride than alum has better efficiency in removal of dye has shown. Based on the results, it can be concluded that ferric chloride coagulant for the removal of COD, TSS and color of textile wastewater compared to alum has been effective and therefore in identical conditions, its application is more preferable compared to alum.

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the development of pathogenesis in acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol is well known. The beneficial effects of physical training on the antioxidant defenses of numerous tissues have been proved. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. In this experimental study, 28 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 equal groups: sedentary control, exercise control, sedentary plus ethanol and exercise plus ethanol groups. The rats were subjected to moderate treadmill exercise protocol for 30 consecutive days (one hour per day). Thereafter, ethanol-treated groups received absolute ethanol (1 mL/rat) by gavage to induce gastric ulcer. Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation of stomach wall were measured by evaluation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase activities (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration, respectively. The histopathological findings of this study showed that moderate exercise training significantly inhibited the ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Biochemical results also showed that administration of ethanol significantly decreased GPx activity and increased TBARS when compared to the sedentary control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the exercise plus ethanol group showed higher GPx activity and lower TBARS concentration when compared to the ethanol-treated rats (P < 0.05). The catalase activity in ethanol-treated rats tended to be decreased when compared to control group. It seems that the preventive effects of exercise training may be mediated through increasing GPx activity subsequently inhibition of lipid peroxidation in stomach wall of rats.

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth cause of cancer death worldwide. Among the major risk factors for this disease lack of certain vitamins and minerals including antioxidant vitamins are considered. This study examined the relationship between antioxidant vitamins including vitamins A, E and C and risk of squamous cell carcinoma in Kurdistan. Patients and This case-control study was based on dietary patterns of 143 patients including 47 cases and 96 controls. Data were collected by food frequency questionnaire and nutritional value of dietary patterns intake was determined in the two groups by using N4 (nutritionist IV) software. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS-16 and using independent t-test, χ2 and logistic regression. The result of logistic regression analysis showed an inverse relation between intake of vitamin E and risk of squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.01). Also the risk of esophageal cancer in people who received mean of 141 mg/day of vitamin C compared with those with average intake of 125 mg/day had a 98% decrease (P = 0.01). There was no association between intake of vitamin A, beta carotene and alpha-tocopherol with risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Results suggest that antioxidant vitamins can possibly play a protective role in preventing risk of squamous cell carcinoma.

Environmental noise is a known stressful factor that induces alterations of various physiological responses in the exposed individuals. It is known very little about the effect of prenatal noise stress on the serum glucose, lipids and morphology of Langerhans islets in neonatal rats. In the present study the effect of chronic noise stress on hyperglycemia and lipid profile and morphology of Langerhans islets in neonatal rats, has been investigated. In this experimental study, 8 Wistar pregnant rats were exposed chronically to intermittent white noise during their pregnancy periods (dark cycle, 7 pm - 7 am). Stressed puppies bred under before condition up to 3 months of age. Then both groups were sacrificed. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were determined at first week, 4th and 12th weeks after birth. Morphology of Langerhans islets in mature rats was evaluated using Gomori staining method. Noise did have a significant hyperglycemic effect at 4th and 12th in rats. In addition, serum LDL-cholesterol levels in noise group significantly increased as compared to control group. Also, noise affected group showed significant difference with control group regarding level of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Regarding histology of Langerhans islets, noise affected group showed a lower number and granularity of beta cells and also periphery of Langerhans islets are significantly reduced as compared to control group. Noise has a significant hyperglycemic effect and increase lipid profile, also leads to appropriate changes in serum lipids in neonatal and postnatal rats.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection and can cause various types of human eye disease. There are two general methods for diagnosis of chlamydial infection; cell culture and non-culture tests. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of C. trachomatis in follicular conjunctivitis and compared the two rapid direct methods [direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and Giemsa staining] used in diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis. Patients and In this descriptive and comparative study, 285 patients with follicular conjunctivitis were recruited and admitted to the referral laboratory unit of Farabi Eye Hospital of Tehran and 570 conjunctival scrapings from their right and left eyes were collected and subsequently stained via DIF and Giemsa staining. In this study, 109 (50 males and 59 females) patients (38.24%) had positive results with DIF technique and most of these patients aged 21 - 30 and 11 - 20 years respectively. A number of 47 patients (27 males and 20 females) (16.49%) had positive results with Giemsa staining and in compared to DIF, sensitivity and specificity of Giemsa method was 38.53% and 97.16% respectively. Compared with Giemsa staining, DIF is a suitable test with high sensitivity and specificity and the choice test for rapid diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis for routine purposes.

Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in human and warm-blooded animals. Candida albicans, is an opportunistic pathogen in immune suppressed hosts, like HIV infected and under chemotherapy patients. Since, antifungal drugs are limited and challenged by resistance. Thus discovering agents with antifungal properties and minimum side effects and toxicity is essential. Nano-agents such as metal oxide nano-particles have unique properties such as high surface to volume ratio that introduce them as appropriate antimicrobial agents. In this experimental study, antifungal effects of 4 nano-metal oxides; magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide and copper oxide (MgO, SiO2, ZnO and CuO) were investigated in vitro against Candida albicans and compared with amphotericin B. Solution acetic acid was used for preparing nanoparticles suspensions. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of these nano-particles were evaluated. The results showed that MIC of nano-MgO and nano SiO2 was greater than 3200 µg/mL, but MIC and MFC of nano-ZnO was recorded 200 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC of nano-CuO was 400 µg/mL. The MIC and MFC of amphotericin B was 0.5 µg/mL and 2 µg/mL, respectively. It is concluded that, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles have anti C. albicans properties and may be used in treatment of infections caused by this fungus that should be investigated in vivo.

This study was conducted to measure the antifungal activity of the extracts of 10 plant species used in traditional Iranian medicine against human pathogenic dermatophytes. In this experimental study, the leaves of these plants (Calendula officinalis, Acacia arabica, Altheae officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Juglans regia, Osimum basilicum, Solanum nigrum, Hypericum perforatum, Urtica dioica, and Anagalis arvensis) were taken and extractions were made in methanol and were tested against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoenleinii, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth macrodilution method. The effects of plants extracts were compared with those of griseofulvin. Plants under review showed antifungal activity against all the dermatophytes tested with MIC values ranging from 0.001 to 0.016 mg/mL using inhibitory zone estimation, 0.3 to 12.8 mg/mL using agar dilution method and 0.2 to 12.5 mg/mL using broth dilution method. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts ranged from 0.8 to 15.62 mg/mL. The results obtained suggested that H. perforatum, A. arvensis, and A. arabica have anti-dermatophyte activity.

Adipose a protein secreted by adipose tissue that plays an important role in inflammatory mechanisms and hyperglycemia. This study investigated the effect of 10 weeks aerobic interval training and 4 weeks detraining on plasma adiponectin levels in young male non-athletes. In this quasi-experimental study, 26 male non-athlete students of Sistan and Baluchestan university were selected randomly and were divided into two groups. The experimental group carried out the aerobic interval training for 10 weeks, three times a week with an intensity of 55 to 85 (HRmax). Then subjects experience 4 weeks of detraining so the effects could be investigated. After 14 hours of fasting, blood samples were taken at different stages of the same condition and plasma adiponectin levels were measured using adiponectin kit manufactured by BOSTER company in America. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test ANOVA with repeated measurements LSD post hoc test and t-test at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 The results showed that 10 weeks of aerobic interval training led to a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.001). The results also showed that after 4 weeks of detraining, the level of adiponectin was significantly reduced due to the discontinuation of the exercise (P = 0.001). We can conclude that aerobic interval as an effective and beneficial training method with more variety and less fatigue, with a significant increase in plasma adiponectin, cardiovascular protective factor, has a preventive effect on cardiovascular disease.

Due to progressive increase in stroke incidence and need for effective therapy, the effectiveness of biofeedback therapy on the hand function and activities of daily living performances in stroke survivors were studied. Patients and In this randomized control trial study, 24 participants (mean age 54.75 years) were divided randomly in experiment and control groups. Their affected hands were evaluated before and after intervention using Barthel index questionnaire, Ashworth test and goniometry in elbow, wrist and finger. The two groups received current occupational therapy intervention for 3 months, 3 sessions (each session was 45 minutes) in a week. The experimental group also had 15 minute biofeedback therapy in each session. Biofeedback trained group showed more decrease in spasticity, significants increase in range of motion in elbow (P < 0.001), wrist (P < 0.003) and finger (P < 0.001) and significant increase in activities of daily living performances (P < 0.001). Biofeedback in accompanying with routine occupational therapy promised to be more effective in stroke survivors.

Now a day, Fe2o3 nanoparticles due to high magnetic property and small size are used in MRI imaging. This study aimed to characterize the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on sperm parameters. This experiment study was carried out on 75 mature male mice that divided into 4 test groups that received iron oxide nanoparticles at the dose levels of 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg intraperitaneally (i.p.) for 2 weeks and a control group. Sperm was collected from epididymis and prepared for analysis. Fe2o3 nanoparticles cause a meaningful reduction in sperm numbers and mobility in all experimental groups. Nanoparticles can cause the inflammation of epididymis and increasing of free radicals (Reactive oxygen species: ROS) that can decrease the mobility of the sperms.