نشریه پژوهش سیاست نظری
پیاپی 19 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

“Carl Gustave young” is one of the most prominent contemporary intellectuals who studied the subject of Archetypes and their reproduction in modern political myths framework. From young’s view, the Archetypes are included as categories that are inherited from forefathers and lineages and consists some parts of our unconscious. The Archetypes showed off in the frame of myths and fables ; but- in contrary to enlightenment prediction-not only they did not eradicate , but also they expose the modern political life to much changes. One of its prominent changes is the formation of modern political ideologies and mass movements. Simply said, the Archetypes continue to live in another form in modern age. Based on this fact, this essay tries to study the relationships between modern political myths and Archetypes, Based on the theoretical framework of “Carl Gustave Young”. The main question of this essay is: How do the Archetypes reproduce in modern human’s soul? The hypothesis of this essay is that these Archetypes have sediment in unconscious of human and the modern charismatic leaders have activated them again through rearticulating of Archetypes. The approach of this essay is ideology (Knowing thought). It means that it reconstructs the formation process of Archetypes in modern age. The method of the essay is also qualitative content analysis. It means that it deals with analyzing (derivation, argumentation for or against) the ideas and concepts related with Archetypes. We can consider the most important finding of the present research as following: in the recent modernity age, the Archetypes exist in human’ unconscious and the psychological and social crises (like confusion among tradition and modernism) can provide this opportunity for authoritarian charismatic leaders to activate them again. Simply said, in the current age, the context of totalitarian ideologies formation-based on Archetypes -is provided.

the presidential elections in Iran have always surprised the political analysts and experts. Through the analytical investigations of 11th presidential elections of Iran ¡ both at the level of Iranian and also foreign analysts¡ it has become clear that the most of this surprise is due to the one-factor and one- dimensional analyses and there is no model that can investigate all effective layers and dimensions in the elections’ results. So this essay is determined to study the 11th elections by means of 3-layer model that its most internal layer is discursive level of elections¡ its medial layer is based on the relative deprivation theory that tries to illustrate the social and economic circumstances of society and its outset layer¡ studies the description of the field level of elections and presents the personal¡ political and social factors that are effective in the elections results.

In order to clarify the procedure of 11th presidential elections¡ the various reasons have been referred to and the quality of hassan rouhani’s politics and his supporting team in election competitions days to election waves created by political groups in his support have been emphasized to. In this paper it is attempted to study the reflection of psychological origins and relative deprivation feeling created in Iranian'' society in formation of supporting wave of Rouhani. Generally¡ in individualistic and psychological prospect¡ the circumstances of changing the existing situation can be looked for in individual imaginations and feelings that in themselves are affected by social changes. In this paper¡ based on theoretical pattern of “Ted Robert Gar” and considering this presumption that the social dissatisfaction and trying to change the existing situation¡ is due to the amount and degree of relative deprivation feeling among various groups of every society¡ the grounds of relative deprivation creation in society including the understanding of inequality in 8-year period of 9th and 10th governments have been studied. Finally¡ it can concluded that how the various factors like development of universities and their dissatisfaction of government’ performance¡ the formation of class gap due to the conspicuous difference of per capita income and increasing inflation and expenses and unemployment ¡ have reflected themselves in society’s relative deprivation¡ frustration and finally a general attempt for changing the existing situation and voting for the most prominent election candidates who is precursor of changing the situation.

After ending the cold war¡ the identity boundaries of nations that are specified based on the dependence on one of the political and ideological poles or independence on them ¡ have been changed and the role and importance of culture in identity finding process of nations have turned out to be more prominent . While the identity boundaries in the past were specified in terms of political¡ ideological and economic indexes¡ gradually the identity boundaries were formed based on cultural indexes and civilizational and cultural identity were determined as a distinguishing basis of political units. This paper seeks to specify the argument of contrast inside and outside of civilization in recent years based on the theory of clash of civilizations. The result of this paper confirms this assumption that in new circumstances¡ the one-sided process of globalization¡ equally has removed the cultural boundaries of societies and proceed in the direction of westernizing them¡ has caused social groups redefine its identity based on its separation from west and western culture and civilization and increase the rate of west fighting and retreating in cultural and civilizational identity finding process.

Few decades have passed since the birth of regional studies as sub-field of political science and international relations¡ but the dominance of international relations approaches on scientific literature and research method of this scientific field in inevitable. The evolution procedure of regional studies field showed that doing research in this field may require research in history¡ political science¡ sociology¡ economics¡ geopolitics and many of other scientific tendencies that can be referred based on the case. This subject shows the difficulty of research in regional studies field. This paper is determined to introduce the Fuzzy cognitive maps as a method with capability of application in regional studies field¡ so this method can meet the researcher’s needs in the field of study of subjects without any background before¡ or entitled as a vague phenomenon. The advantage of this method firstly is the ability of recognizing the elements of vague phenomenon and helping to understanding the relations among them and secondly the derivation of the agreed point from various views about that phenomenon.

In this paper¡ the conception of class was criticized and studied in “o’lrisch beck”‘s view. The theoretical framework of research is based on the critical approach that aims to challenge the self-founded culture and intellect of modernity. O’lrisch beck as one of the flexible modernity theoreticians declares the death of class¡ the death of collective identities¡ and traditional construction in transition process to flexible modernity and emphasizes on individualism in modern age. In this paper¡ the authors criticize this framework due to ignorance of social inequalities in modern society and shows that beck’s theory about collective identities declination has very serious inconsistencies and contradictions. The main purpose of this essay is not¡ rejection of the reality of social changes¡ but the main goal is the clarification of existing internal mistakes and contradictions of Beck’s writings¡ along with the defense of class analysis in sociology discussions.

this paper tries to answer this question that in which of the main development paradigms (modernization¡ dependence¡ global system)¡ the concept of social capital and its constituents have been given attention? For answering this question¡ first of all¡ the comprehensive definition of social capital is presented. then considering this definition and through definition and analytic method¡ and via the data gathering instruments in existing librarian sources ¡the writings of most prominent intellectuals of these paradigms are studied. The findings of the research shows that the social capital in recent tendencies of modernization paradigm¡ because of the attitude toward faculties and internal factors(introspection) and emphasizing social and cultural variables in the development procedure of countries¡ has been focused to some extent. The relative commitment of modernization paradigm toward social capital¡ can be considered as its forte (strong point) and make its endurance possible in golden age of social capital.