فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 37 (تابستان 1393)

Following the victory of Islamic revolution, numerous efforts were carried out to transform Iran's underdeveloped condition. Despite all these efforts, it seems structural changes in Iran's political economy have not been successful and rentier economic attributes stillapply to Iran's government. Therefore under current circumstances, exerting growing pressure on Iran's economy to force her to surrender toward global dominant system has becomes her enemie's top agenda. The idea and theory of resistive economy as a model of jihadi management has been proposed by the supreme leader of Islamic revolution to avert this economic weapon+. This article primarily seeks to find out what the main solution to transform Iran's economy is. The main hypothesis of this article is that resistive economy, as a symbol of jihadi management, and its necessities under current circumstances (new economic sanctions) may become an influential factor to instigate a fundamental transformation in Iran's political economy.

In addition to its geographic prominence, the Middle East region possesses an important position in foreign policy of great powers especially the United States. Through the implementation of different policies, these powers seek to secure their interests and interpret historical events into their own interests. Muslim nation's uprising is one of the most important developments in the Middle East region in recent years and has exerted numerous impacts on the region, the world and policies of ultra-national powers. The main inquiry of this article in this regard is, in view of the position of the Middle East in foreign policy of great powers especially the United States, what impacts Islamic awakening has had on political order in the Middle East and the status of the United States in this region.

Repu: blic and democracy are two terms applied to mean ruling of people since fifth century B.C. They have been especially and tremendously emphasized in west since 16th century. To clarify his ruling system prior and subsequent to the victory of revolution, Imam Khomeini applied these terms as well. What republic and democracy quantitatively and qualitatively mean in Imam Khomeini's political thought is the main inquiry this article tries to answer. It seems Imam Khomeini applied the term republic more than democracy to mean people's pivotal role in the state which is closer to his desired ruling model i.e. welayat-e faqih. Findings of this article indicate that capacities of Islam with necessities of time and place are demonstrated with the term republic more than democracy and that Islamic Republic (religious democracy) is more compatible with the former and less with the latter.

Foucault is among few western thinkers who have closely witnessed Islamic revolution happening in Iran. His interviews and articles in this regard have been published. Despite his efforts to study how Islamic revolution was formed and triumphed, his viewpoints have been published in sporadic articles and interviews lacking an integrated theoretical model. Seven variables are identifiable in his interviews and articles: religion of Islam, leadership, weakness of the army, collective will, a commitment for change, failure of renovations and gradual decrease of international supports from Pahlavi regime. In this article, these variables have been studied and then based on document research and referring to other literature in this regard, part of Foucault's viewpoints about Islamic revolution has been studied and criticized. Finally theoretical roots of his viewpoints will be studied.

The current article tries to study Ayatollah Golpayegani's declarations+ and stances toward the policies of Pahlavi regime and relations with its agents. Taking ayatollah's political thought i.e. his belief in general welayat-e faqih into consideration, the main concern of this article is to find reasons behind his different behaviors to confront with Pahlavi regime in different stages. What can be analyzed of his political behavior in this stage is that during this period no steady trend and no linear diagram of his political behavior can be identified. Sometimes he is silent and keeps away from other marjas and sometimes he accompanies others and is vigorously present at the heart of the battle zone. Findings of this research indicate that Ayatollah Golpayegani who considered any ruling system other than a system based on welayat-e faqih to be the ruling of tagoot [false deities], did not considered any legitimacy for Pahlavi regime. His occasional silence was not because he was satisfied with measures by the ruling system but because of the constraints and because conditions were not prepared to establish his desired type of ruling system.

This research tries to analyze necessities of left party in terms of time and place during initial two decades after the revolution applying Dilthey knowledge, believes that thoughts are derived from conditions of time and place in the society. Findings of this research indicate that left party viewpoints and stances during 80s are totally different from its viewpoints and stances during 90s. Influenced by internal and international environment, supporters of left party have moved from their stances of supporting governmental economy, negating manifestations of western culture and anti-imperialistic inclinations during the first decade to their stances of supporting free economy, civil society and principle of foreign policy during the second decade.

The main inquiry of this article is to find out how Islamic revolution has influenced international system. The hypothesis of the article is that Islamic revolution of Iran (in structural terms) has influenced the political structure, distribution of power and players of international relations and has challenged bipolar system. It has made new governmental players (third world) as well as non-governmental players (movements and nations) emerge and grow in power in international arena. It has influenced (in practical terms) main issues of justice, peace and security. To explain the above hypothesis, the current research first explains the concepts then studies impacts of Islamic revolution of Iran on the structure of international system then moves on to investigate reactions of other countries toward measures taken by Islamic revolution of Iran. Finally it concludes that due to its Islamic identity, Islamic revolution of Iran is universal and with its global vision, has designed some roles and missions toward the world. It has chosen some principles as its international policy and has taken and continues to take steps to implement such a policy. These steps have made Islamic revolution be the source of numerous impacts on international system as well as many changes and developments.

With international peace and security covering a broader concept and restriction of government's authority, issues such as human rights have become intertwined with international peace and security and are no longer an internal issue of governments. It is such that international society may react toward it and make some decisions. What seems important is how Security Council deals with such issues. To this end, the current research has comparatively studied Security Council's performance about Libya and Bahrain from2011 to 2012 from legal perspective. It concludes that Security Council has been partial and has taken double standards toward developments in these two countries.

The main hypothesis of this article is that these two countrie's approach toward the structure of international system and resulting policies toward this structure have played a pivotal role to initiate and terminate the war. The authors mainly argue that Iran's critic approach toward the structure of international system and its efforts to destroy such a structure opposed by Iraq's cooperation with international system and its efforts to take advantage from this system to maximize its power have played an influential role in the initiation of war. Therefore as long as such a doctrine dominated the decisionmakers and foreign policy of both countries, the war continued. However, when political, economic, military and consequent disruption of power balance against Iran started and Tehran's approach toward the structure of international system was adjusted, the war terminated.