فصلنامه مطالعات انقلاب اسلامی
پیاپی 47 (زمستان 1395)

IR`s establishment has been regarded as a starting-point for a movement against those of Pride in the world. A revolution that during cold war, after second world war between USA and USSR and with a return to Islamic pure teachings has prepared the ground for establishing Islamic new civilization. IR as the most cultural social revolution of the world caused deep theoretical, cultural, social, economic and political changes in Muslim and non-Muslim nations and, with intellectual, philosophical, spiritual, inferential and creative theme, applied pure Islamic teachings in human social and personal life. The paper, using the metaphor Fractal geometry, has described IR leader`s part and impact in world new revolutions and given a model of leadership in IR`s fractals for establishment of Islamic new civilization.

One considerable challenge of Islamic countries is regarded as security, particularly political security. The question of the paper runs as: are feqhi teachings of such a capability needed for explaining and producing political security and giving a model of security? As is claimed and shown in the paper, Shiite feqh has given a particular weight to security of Islamic system, particularly to political security. One may find various feqhi statements on
the topic in different parts of feqh. These statements introduce the ways, agents and norms for producing and preparing political security of an Islamic system and opposing threats on the way. The paper, relying on the inferential and document-based method, has gathered and studied feqhi statements on the topic with special attention to Jawaher ul-Kalam and, using a mixed model taken from Barry Buzan`s theory of security, the five feqhi expediencies and usuli theory of designations, has surveyed and analyzed the view of Islam on political security of an Islamic system.

Stephen Walt views states fearing not from their most powerful enemies but from their most threatening enemies and, therefore, seek to attain balance against them. As he believes, the very feeling of threat is a function of four agents of compressed power of a country. These agents include threatening agent, power of invasion, intension of using this power and being geographically near to the source of threat. On this basis, IRI has regarded what happening in Syria as a threat against its own security and, therefore, intended to defend and support the ruling state of Syria directly. It should, however, be stated that IRI`s only reason for the defense and support is not what is said in Walt`s theory, rather, supporting resistance pivot and necessity for IRI role-playing in it with regard to its right-seeking ideals may be known as the main reason in the field. In this way, IRI intends to support and protect its regional united nations.

Seeking to explain democratic right of sovereignty has been of such a historical background as that of human political thought. The theory of joint ownership, refuting divine legality and social contract and as a basis for sovereignty during the age of Imam`s absence, seek to justify right of sovereignty on the basis of religious teachings. Now, on this basis, a question appears in mind as: may joint ownership as a political theory be regarded as the basis of Islamic political system today? The hypothesis is formed as: joint
ownership is not taken from practical wisdom and is not founded upon revealed teachings; on the contrary, it is completely based on some teachings taken from common sense. The failure of the theory, therefore, would be made clear with regard to the theory`s difficulties. It is, finally, concluded that considering failure of the theory, not only government in Islam is not refuted but it would be known as necessary also.

Main hypothesis of the paper follows as: Foucault`s cultural reading of Islamic revolution lies in his theoretical system. Iranian revolutionary movement attracted the attention of scholars, philosophers, sociologists and, in this way, many theories and paradigms were balanced by the public movement of Iranian. Foucault`s theory is one weakening the
economic explanation and strengthening cultural one. His cultural understanding of Islamic revolution is rooted in his theory of power and modernity. As is understood by Foucault, there may be found a confrontation between hard aspect and soft aspect of power in Islamic revolution as the first postmodern revolution in 21th century and one of those not being reasonably justifiable cases. Two states of zattracted his attention seriously: its newness and uniqueness. This paper, relying on its special method of qualified content analysis and theoretical survey, has studied various aspects and modes of Foucault`s analysis in the field.

The paper has intended to analyze IRI`s political consequences sociologically. Method of the study is library-based and relied on events and happenings appeared during the revolution and valid experimental data and statistics. Framework of the study is based upon theories of classic and contemporary outstanding scholars of social revolutions. The paper analyzes IRI`s outcomes with regard to their political aspect and on the basis of such indicators as state-making, export of revolution, violence, political parties and publications. On the findings of the study, establishing an Islamic and Iranian state, increasing political participation, numerous political parties, developing in the field of publications, exporting Islamic revolution, creating the three principles of legality (quality of being charismatic, religion and law), war and world convergence may be counted as IRI`s political consequences.

In the paper, it has been sought to present an analysis of Zionist regime and Saudi Arabia`s relations and answer the question: regarding fundamental disagreement between the two regimes as well as their religious opposition, is it possible for them to strengthen and deepen their relations? Using Walt Stephen`s theory of balance of threat as theoretical framework, the paper studies the hypothesis of unity of strategy of the two countries, particularly against IRI. As inferred in the paper, regarding IRI`s progressing influence and power in the west of Asia, the two countries feeling common threat of such a reality and adopting a practical policy, have related closely to one
another and deepened their relations. On this basis, they will strengthen the relations in future also.

Imam Khomeini viewed martyrdom as one Islamic social teachings dynamically. His view was of such deep effect that causes culture of martyrdom-seeking to become wide-spread in contemporary Iranian society, more particularly among Islamic combatants during holy defense. The paper has intended to study theoretical roots of the culture of martyrdom-seeking in Imam Khomeni`s thought as a religious modernist scholar and an outstanding socio-political leader influencing contemporary mental and political currents
in Iran. Main question of the paper runs as: has Imam Khomeini`s new concept of martyrdom been of any impact on Islamic combatants` culture of martyrdom-seeking? The hypothesis has been thought as: Islamic combatants` culture of martyrdom-seeking is surely known as a consequence of Imam Khomeini`s thought formed from the early 1340s during political and social changes.

Islamic revolution as a socio-political movement with cultural and religious property, is of such high capabilities of political culture that may transcend political culture in different levels in harmony with Islamic political culture and establish its transcendent values. One, considering this quality of Islamic revolution, may get a more exact knowledge of it. The paper has intended to study this quality of Islamic revolution more.

Analytical study of relationship between applicability and legality, as two necessary grounds for stability and durability of governments, with regard to their impact on such things as political stability would be necessary. Such being the case, question of the paper follows as: how is the connection between applicability and legality of political governments? The hypothesis runs as: applicability and legality of governments are of such a reciprocal and direct relation that the weakness and strength of each leads to the weakness and strength of the other equally. As is clarified by an analytical and descriptive method in the paper, in spite of reciprocal stability of applicability and legality, applicability of a system would not produce original legality of it. In other word, one may argue that impact of applicability on legality is based on the origin of government`s legality.