Iranian Journal of Psychiatry
Volume:12 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

This study was conducted to compare the profile of Temperament and Character dimensions in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder and control group.
In this causal-comparative study the population consisted of two clinical groups (major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder) and a non-clinical group. The sample was 193 subjects (77 patients with major depressive disorder, 86 patients with bipolar mood disorder, and 30 normal people) with an age range of 18-65 years and the mean age of 40.1. They were selected from Roozbeh psychiatric hospital using available sampling method. Tools used in this research included Temperament and Character Inventory-140 and General Health Questionnaire-28. Collected data were analyzed by statistical methods of independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences-22 software.
The results of comparing the groups showed that there was a significant difference among groups in dimensions of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness (P In general, our results showed that patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder have different personality profile in some dimensions of Temperament and Character compared with control group.

There are different pathophysiological mechanisms for obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) as suggested by the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic hypotheses. The present study aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of saffron (stigma of Crocus sativus) and fluvoxamine in the treatment of mild to moderate obsessive- compulsive disorder.
In this study, 50 males and females, aged 18 to 60 years, with mild to moderate OCD, participated. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either saffron (30 mg/day, 15 mg twice a day) or fluvoxamine (100 mg/day) for 10 weeks. Using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Adverse Event Checklist, we assessed the patients at baseline, and at the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth week. Finally, the data were analyzed using general linear repeated measures.
In this study, 46 patients completed the trial. General linear repeated measures demonstrated no significant effect for time-treatment interaction on the Y-BOCS total scores [F (2.42, 106.87) = 0.70, P = 0.52], obsession Y-BOCS subscale scores [F (2.47, 108.87) = 0.77, p = 0.49], and compulsion Y-BOCS subscale scores [F (2.18, 96.06) = 0.25, P = 0.79]. Frequency of adverse events was not significantly different between the 2 groups.
Our findings suggest that saffron is as effective as fluvoxamine in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate OCD.

Many people who accesses mental health services usually do not seek treatment to avoid the consequences of stigma and label of mental illness. Determining each of these aspects related to stigma reduction barriers seems necessarily.
A qualitative study was undertaken to investigate stigma reduction barriers toward mental disorders in Iran.
The present study used content analysis and was carried out from 2013 to 2015. All stakeholders have been chosen by purposive sampling technique. All data obtained through 16 individual interviews, 2 focus groups and 6 written narratives. The data were collected, coded and analyzed accordingly.
The major themes were: The universality of stigma, Beliefs, Attitudes and lack of awareness, Mental health providers and other specialists, Cultural barriers, Structures and policy makers, Insufficient financial resources.
It is necessarily to identify the barriers of stigma reduction programs in Iran to increase the quality of life of mental patients. In the present study due to the presence of mental health stakeholders the main barriers have been obtained.

The psychometric properties of a scale should be re-assessed routinely with different samples to ensure its generalizability. The present study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Persian Version of Death Depression Scale (DDS) in Iranian patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).
The face validity, content validity and construct validity (i.e. factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity) of the DDS were assessed using a sample of 407 AMI patients. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the ratio chi-square by degrees of freedom (χ2/df), the Goodness-of-fit index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using average variance extracted (AVE), maximum shared squared variance (MSV), and average shared square variance (ASV). Internal consistency, test–retest, and construct reliability (CR) were used to assess reliability of the Persian Version of DDS.
Based on principle component analysis and consideration of conceptual meaning, a four-factor solution was selected, explaining 75.89% of the total variance. Goodness-of-fit indices (c2(98) = 583.646, p The DDS was found to be a valid and reliable assessment tool for death depression in Iranian patients with AMI.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of manic, depression, or mixed episodes. The purpose of this study was to assess the development of bipolar disorder episode over the time as well as determining the risk factors affecting bipolar disorder.
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hamadan Province, the west of Iran, from April 2008 to September 2014 including 124 patients with bipolar disorder. All patients had experienced four recurrences. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) as a longitudinal modeling approach was used due to longitudinally recording of bipolar disorders. A significant level of 0.05 was considered for the tests.
The mean (SD) age of the 124 patients was 33.2 (11.55). GEE showed that the odds of manic males than depressed or mixed (as well as manic or depressed than mixed female patients according to proportionality of odds) is 1.99 times than those of females. The odds ratio of mania than depression or mixed (as well as mania or depression than mixed) is 0.441 for patients who used both drugs and psychotherapy comparing to only drugs. As well, the odds ratios comparing spring to winter and autumn are 2.01 and 1.82, respectively
The results from this study using GEE method showed that in an Iranian bipolar disorder patients, mania is much more prevalent than depression or mixed as well as mania and depression than mixed. Sex, treatments and the seasons of recurrence can determine the episode of bipolar disorder.

Adolescence is a period of evolution that there is the incidence probability of risky behaviors such as drug abuse, risky sexual behavior and compatibility problems. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2014.
This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, which cluster random sampling were used to selecting subjects. Young's Risk Behaviors Scale (YRBS) was used to evaluate risky behaviors and factors affecting it. The mean, standard deviation, Chi-square tests, t-tests and ANOVA were used to analysis of data.
The study was included 150 (50%) female and 150 (50%) male. The most frequency was the age group of 20-24 years old. There was a statistically significant difference between average scores of risky behaviors among female and male students (p˂0.05). The results of study showed that the prevalence of risky behaviors, high speed in driving and drug consumption is different in various fields of study (p˂0.05).
The prevalence of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University is relatively low, and the prevalence of these behaviors in girls was far less than male students. Risky behaviors were associated with background variables exception of mother's job.

The aim of present study was evaluation the effect of Panax Ginseng on malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels during eustress on normal healthy volunteers.
65 healthy volunteers were recruited from medical students at college of medicine with age range (22.61±3.63) years, the volunteers were divided into two groups, Group A: 35 subjects treated by Panax Ginseng 500mg/day regarded as treated group. Group B: 30 subjects treated by placebo 500mg/day regarded as control group. Baseline data was obtained and then after one month of study for following induction of psychological stress through daily psychomotor performance task and visual working memory accuracy testing while; stress-induced oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels.
placebo showed significant increases in MDA serum levels p=0.0004 which related with significant increases in perceived stress scale from p An MDA serum level is positively correlated with eustress and this association is modulated by Panax Ginseng therapy that produced significant reduction in MDA and rising of eustress level.

obesity and depression are likely to interact mutually which makes it unclear if obesity causes depression or it leads to obesity; and how the genotypes have a role in obesity and depression.
Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 400 individuals from the participants in the third phase of the comprehensive Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS). Anthropometric measurements and depression were assessed. To investigate the NPY polymorphism, PCR-RFLP was used. Binary logistic regression model was employed to determine depression as the dependent factor and gene polymorphism
the frequency of NPY rs16139 was 6%. No significant association could be found between NPY genotypes and depression (p >0.05). Furthermore, the results suggest that those with central obesity seem an increased chance of developing depression (P=0.02).
There is a significant relationship between obesity and depression and obesity is a possible cause of depression. Waist circumference and abdominal obesity as components of metabolic syndrome have the most important effects on depression.

Our objective is to compare the effects of RCBT, CBT, and sertraline on depression, anxiety, biomarker levels, and the quality of life in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
Method/Design: This is a randomized controlled trial with parallel groups. A total of 160 patients after CABG surgery will be screened for anxiety and depression according to clinical interviews based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) scores (≥ 8). To assess religious attitude, Golriz and Baraheni’s religious attitude questionnaire will be used. Participants will be randomly allocated to four groups of 40 including three intervention groups (RCBT, CBT, and sertraline) and one control group (usual care). RCBT and CBT programs will consist of 12 one-hour weekly sessions. The participants in the pharmacological intervention group will receive 25-200 mg/d of sertraline for three months. The (SF-36) will be administered to assess the patients’ quality of life. Blood samples will be taken and biomarker levels will be determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary outcome will be the reduction in anxiety and depression scores after the interventions. The secondary outcomes will be increases in quality of life scores and normalized biomarker levels after the interventions.
If RCBT is found to be more effective than the other methods, it can be used to improve patients’ health status after CABG surgery.

Emergency medicine residents are a high–risk group for burnout syndrome. This was a qualitative study with content analysis on emergency medical residents with 2 aims: evaluating the incidence of occupational burnout syndrome and identifying the points of view and attitudes of emergency medical residents about factors related to occupational burnout syndrome.
For this study, 2 sessions of focus group discussions were set up at Imam Khomeini hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Each session took 90 minutes, and 20 emergency medicine residents in their first or second year of emergency medicine residency participated in the sessions. Data were coded by MAXQDA10 software.
Data were categorized in 4 themes as follow: (1) the characteristics of emergency medicine; (2) ambiguity in residents’ duties; (3) educational planning; and (4) careers.
Data on the proposed solutions by residents were analyzed and coded in 3 groups including (1) changes in personal life; (2) arrangement in shifts; and (3) educational issues.
According to findings of this qualitative study, most of emergency medicine residents have experienced exhaustion sometime during the course of their residency. Psychological supports may help the residents to cope with their career difficulties and probable burn out.

The human prostacyclin receptor gene (PTGIR) encodes the human prostacyclin (PGI2) receptor. PTGIR is a part of vasodilator system during the migraine attacks and probably has an important role in the mechanism of this disease.
We used direct PCR and sequencing to determine the any variants in PTGIR gene. A blood sample was collected from the patients and genomic DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out on extracted DNA. The PCR products were then sequenced using a cycle sequencing kit, on an automated DNA sequencing machine.
In reviewing of familial and clinopathological of these two patients, both patients have migraines with visual aura and their mothers also are suffering from migraines. Their parents had been married strangers. Direct sequencing analysis of exon 2 of the PTGIR gene showing the presence of two mutations in two patients. These mutations were heterozygote that made the following changes; g.1626T>A, c.754T>A, cDNA.867T>A, and p.S252T for the first mutation and c.753C>T, cDNA866C>T, g.1625C>T, p.C251C for the second mutation. The first mutation alters the amino acid and is a novel mutation. The second change is a conservative mutation that have already been reported.
The prediction results predicted the variant would negatively affect the protein’s function and seems to be disease causing. Although functional analysis is required to confirm the association between the variant and the disease.