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Frontiers in Dentistry - Volume:15 Issue: 2, Mar 2018

Frontiers in Dentistry
Volume:15 Issue: 2, Mar 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/12/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Saied Nokar, Mehran Bahrami, Azam Sadat Mostafavi* Pages 69-78
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution of different post and core materials in radicular dentin by three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA).
    Materials And Methods
    Twelve 3D models of a maxillary central incisor were simulated in the ANSYS 5.4 software program. The models were divided into three groups; the first group included: 1-Gold post and core and 2-Nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) post and core restored with metal-ceramic restorations (MCRs). The second group included: 1-Stainless steel post, 2-Titanium post, 3-Carbon fiber post, 4-Glass fiber post, and 5-Quartz fiber post with composite cores and MCRs. The third group included: 1-Zirconia post and core, 2-Zirconia post, 3-Carbon fiber post, 4-Glass fiber post, and 5-Quartz fiber post; the last four models had composite cores restored with all-ceramic restorations (ACRs). Each specimen was subjected to a compressive load at a 45-degree angle relative to its longitudinal axis at a constant intensity of 100 N. The models were analyzed with regard to the stress distribution in dentin.
    Results
    Two stress concentration sites were detected in the models. The first group showed the lowest stress levels in the cervical region, while the stress levels detected in the second group were higher than those in the first group and lower than those found in the third group. Fiber-reinforced posts induced a higher stress concentration between the middle and cervical thirds of the root compared to other posts.
    Conclusions
    According to the results, since cast posts induce lower stresses in dentin, they are recommended for clinical use. Fiber-reinforced posts and ACRs caused the maximum stresses in dentin.
    Keywords: Finite Element Analysis, Post, Core Technique, Dental Stress Analysis
  • Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajari, Ghasem Ansari, Alireza Mahdavi, Leila Shafiei* Pages 79-85
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to compare the intranasal premedication effect of newly introduced dexmedetomidine (DEX) versus midazolam on the behavior of uncooperative children in the dental clinic.
    Materials And Methods
    This crossover double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 20 uncooperative children aged 2-6 years who required at least two similar dental treatment visits. The subjects were randomly given 1 µg/kg of DEX and 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam via the intranasal route. For the sedation protocol in the two groups, 0.25 mg/kg of atropine in combination with 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam added to 1-2 mg/kg of ketamine were used 30 minutes after premedication and transferring the patient to the operating room. Dental treatments were carried out by a pediatric dentist blinded to the type of the administered premedication. The sedative efficacy (overall success rate) of the agents was assessed by two independent pediatric dentists based on the Houpt scale. Data analyses were carried out according to Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test.
    Results
    There were no significant differences in the premedication efficacy of intranasal DEX and midazolam according to the Houpt scale (P>0.05).
    Conclusions
    Intranasal midazolam and DEX are satisfactory and effective premedication regimens for uncooperative children.
    Keywords: Premedication, Intranasal Administration, Midazolam, Dexmedetomidine, Sedation, Dental Care for Children
  • Fereydoon Sargolzaei Aval, Mohammad Reza Arab, Narjes Sargolzaei, Fateme Noushadi, Abdolsamad Eteghadi, Asadollah Keykhaei, Foroug Sargolzaei Aval, Azim Hedayat Pour* Pages 86-96
    Objectives
    The healing of bone defects in the craniofacial region is an important clinical issue. We aimed to compare the effects of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and the combination of OCP/gelatin (OCP/Gel) on calvarial bone regeneration in rats.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 72 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the OCP (n=24), OCP/Gel (n=24), and control groups (n=24). Lesions with a diameter of 9 mm were created in the parietal bone and were filled with 9-mg OCP and OCP/Gel disks. In the control group, no substance was implanted in the defect. Sampling was performed on days 10, 14, 21, and 28 after the implantation. After tissue processing, 5-µm sections were prepared and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. The sections were studied, and the volume fraction of the newly formed bone was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 0.05.
    Results
    In the experimental groups, new bone formation was detected at the margins of the defects 10 days after the implantation. With the progression of the healing process, the newly formed bone covered greater areas of the defects and developed a more mature structure. In the control group, the defects were primarily filled with a dense connective tissue with small islands of new bone. The results of histomorphometric assessments showed that the volume of the newly formed bone in the experimental groups had a significant statistical difference with that in the control group (P
    Conclusions
    The OCP/Gel composite can be useful in the healing process of calvarial bone defects.
    Keywords: Octacalcium Phosphate, Gelatin, Bone Regeneration, Parietal Bone, Rats
  • Leyla Sadighpour, Farideh Geramipanah, Akbar Fazel, Mahdi Allahdadi*, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard Pages 97-105
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the retention strength of zirconia crowns luted with two types of resin cement under environmental pressure changes.
    Materials And Methods
    Thirty zirconia crowns were fabricated by using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system and were cemented by Panavia F2.0 (PAN), hand-mixed RelyX Unicem (UNH), or auto-mix RelyX Unicem Aplicap (UNA) cements on the corresponding extracted human molars. The samples were randomly divided into three groups according to the cement type. After 3000 thermal cycles, the cemented crowns were subjected to 24 pressure cycles (0 to 5 atmospheres). The retention force (N) of the specimens was measured in a universal testing machine. To normalize the retentive force, the recorded force was divided by the surface area of each tooth for measuring the retentive strength (MPa). The mean retention strengths (and forces) of the groups were compared by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) test (α=0.05). The failure modes were also examined by using a stereomicroscope.
    Results
    The retention values related to the evaluated resin cements were significantly different; the UNA group showed the highest retention strength (6.45±0.35 MPa) followed by the UNH (4.99±0.47 MPa) and PAN (4.45±0.39 MPa, P
    Conclusions
    The choice of resin cements and their mixing methods, which lead to differences in porosity, may affect the retention strength of zirconia crowns.
    Keywords: Zirconium Oxide, Crowns, Resin Cements, Prosthesis Retention
  • Comparative Evaluation of Retentive Properties of Two Compatible Ball Attachments in Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures: An In Vitro Study
    Maryam Memarian, Simindokht Zarrati, Sedigheh Karimi, Mehran Bahrami Pages 106-115
    Objectives
    The retentive properties of implant-retained overdentures (IRO) may be influenced by the type of attachments. The aim of this research was to compare the retention of two dental implant systems with compatible ball attachments, namely Straumann® system (SS) and Rhein83 SRL system (RS) after fatigue testing.
    Materials And Methods
    Two laboratory models consisting of two parallel Straumann® fixtures at a distance of 22 mm were prepared. Five pairs of each system's ball attachments were examined (n=5). The samples were soaked in artificial saliva. The retention strength values (RSV) were recorded before the fatigue test and after 1100, 2200, 3300, 4400, and 5500 insertion and removal cycles at a speed of 51 mm/minute with a 50-N load cell in a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by independent sample t-test with Bonferroni corrections.
    Results
    There was a decrease in the RSV in both systems after 5500 cycles of insertion and removal. There was a significant statistical difference between the RSV of the normal Sphero Block of the RS (17.52±0.68 N) and that of the Spare Lamella retention inserts of the SS (19.72±0.74 N, P=0.001).
    Conclusions
    Although the RSVs of the RS and SS were almost similar before the fatigue test, as the number of insertion and removal cycles increased, the RSV decreased more significantly in the RS compared to the SS.
    Keywords: Dental Prosthesis, Implant, Supported, Overdenture, Dental Prosthesis Retention
  • Maryam Kazemipoor, Niloofar Azizi, Farnaz Farahat* Pages 116-122
    Objectives
    The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of immediate placement of different restorative materials in comparison with a temporary restoration on the surface microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
    Materials And Methods
    Access cavities were prepared in 40 extracted human molars, and a 3-mm layer of MTA was placed in the pulp chamber. The samples were divided into eight groups (n=5). Ten minutes after the MTA placement, two groups were restored with Zonalin temporary restoration, while the other six groups were restored with glass-ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI), or resin-based composite. In each group, the Vickers microhardness (VMH) of MTA was determined after 7 and 21 days. Data were entered into SPSS 17 software program and were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was set at 5%.
    Results
    The type of restorative materials had a statistically significant effect on the microhardness of MTA (P=0.002). However, the microhardness of MTA was neither significantly influenced by the timing of final restoration (P=0.246) nor by the time-material interaction (P=0.116).
    Conclusions
    Based on the results of the present study and by considering the limitations of laboratory studies, it is recommended to postpone the placement of final restorations until the underlying MTA is completely set. Otherwise, in the clinical conditions in which early covering of MTA is recommended, sufficient moist-curing and hydration should be guaranteed by selecting a restorative material with the lowest hydrophilic interaction energy.
    Keywords: Dental Restoration, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Composite Resins, Glass Ionomer Cements
  • Mahdi Niknami*, Mahdi Mirmohammadi, Azade Pezeshki Pages 123-129
    Objectives
    Mucous retention pseudocyst (MRP) of the maxillary sinus is an incidental finding on radiographs. The radiographs taken for dental purposes provide an opportunity for dentists to recognize asymptomatic maxillary sinus anomalies. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRP on panoramic and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) views and to evaluate the associated risk factors.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 710 panoramic radiographs and 90 CBCT scans were examined with regard to the presence of MRP in the maxillary sinus during 2014-15. The MRP prevalence and some associated risk factors such as age, gender, season, smoking, allergy, asthma, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyp, mucosal thickening, and post-nasal drip (PND) were evaluated.
    Results
    The frequency of MRP was 2.4% on the 710 evaluated panoramic images and 43.3% on the 90 evaluated CBCT views. The frequency of MRP on the panoramic and CBCT views was higher in males than in females. There was a significant association between smoking and MRP on panoramic images (P=0.02) and CBCT views (P
    Conclusions
    The occurrence of MRP had a significant association with smoking and PND, and the highest frequency of MRP was detected in spring and summer. Also, CBCT scanning detects MRP more accurately than panoramic radiography.
    Keywords: Mucocele, Panoramic Radiography, Cone, Beam Computed Tomography, Maxillary Sinus
  • Allahyar Geramy, Amirreza Rokn, Abbasali Keshtkar, Abbas Monzavi, Hamid Mahmood Hashemi, Tahereh Bitaraf* Pages 130-136
    Objectives
    This study aimed to analyze functional stresses around short and long implant-supported prostheses with different crown heights.
    Materials And Methods
    Four three-dimensional (3D) models were designed with SolidWorks 2015. In models 1 (control) and 2, three dental implants (second premolar 4.1x8 mm, molars: 4.8x8 mm) were placed. In models 3 and 4, three dental implants (second premolar 4.1x4 mm, molars: 4.8x4) were placed. Residual bone height was 10 mm in groups 1 and 2 (grafted bone) models and 6 mm in groups 3 and 4. The crown heights were modeled at 11.5 mm for groups 1 to 3, and 15 mm for group 4. The applied oblique force was 220 N to simulate chewing movements. The maximum von Mises and principal stresses on the implants and the supporting tissues were compared using the 3D finite element method.
    Results
    In all models, the highest stress value was seen within the most coronal part of bone (crestal bone), which was cortical or grafted bone. The highest stress values in the bone supporting the implant neck were seen in the premolar region of each model, especially in model 4 (291.16 MPa). The lowest stress values were demonstrated in the molar region of model 3 (48.066 MPa). The model 2 implants showed the highest von Mises stress concentrated at their neck (424.44 MPa).
    Conclusions
    In atrophic posterior mandible with increased crown height space, short implants with wider diameter seem to be a more feasible approach compared to grafting methods.
    Keywords: Dental Implants, Dental Prosthesis Design, Dental Stress Analysis, Finite Element Analysis, Alveolar Ridge Augmentation