فصلنامه نگره
پیاپی 4 (پاییز 1386)

In Persian book-binding many arts are included which are all considered as the most excellent throughout the world. Calligaphy, painting, lllumination, Tashir, book binding, cover making and many other skills and methods of this art are eminent. The maintenance and preservation of these valuable works which belong to ate centuries is an imperative issue. These works of are kept in different conditions and have endured many damages; hence, the maintenance of these works is in hands of foreign and national experts which are more focused on using western methods for reviving these magnificent works of art of art. The maintenance of the manuscripts is compatible with traditional Persian art. Therefore, the tradition of reviving and preserving manuscripts left from centueies ago can come into practice with the title of «the school of reviving and malntaining Persian works of art» a method which id besed on the Knowledge of maintenance experts of the parst and the current time.

Icon and icon making is a traditional visual art which originates from Greece and is applted in portraying or drawing the appearance of prophets holy people, or politicians or socialist. this art was influenced by the visual art of the sasanids and Arsacids and was first used in sixth century: from the and fifteenth century onwards this art was transferred from Byzantine to Russia and became afinancial method of proselytizing Christlanity In the seventeenth century it was introduced in Persia, but due to the religious atmosphere of the safavid ear it was not successful, however, it flourished in the Qajar ear and this technique was imitated by pesian artists. Many of the icons ot this era were focused on the twelfth lmams and were usually drawn with a vell covering the face. Nowadays, various movements can be seen regarding icons, unknown and strange images of the Holy prophet of lslam and the lmams have been introduced and created.

The Interest and development of religious contents and specific consideration towards the twelfth lmams of shiite religion among the common people In the Qajar era caused the formation and growth of inspired Painting. lllustrating the icon of the holy figures was considered as the focal subject of inspired painters. These subjects have a paticular posltion among various features of inspired painting which are well-known for rear-glass-Painting;Fur thermore,many works Are created by using This Technique.Although These works may endure similarities with other works of rearglass- painting, they have unique technical characteristics. In this essay, It is tried to analyze a number of the characteristics of icon painting in this method (rear-glass-painting).

Naghsh-e-Jahan square is the strongest and most exact spatial composition in the recent Iranian architecture. The appearance of Msjed Shah on the south part of the square is so definite and firm that has enforced its authority and dominance in a special spatial territory and has given meaningful personification to the collection. This unity is obtained by implementation of exact geometric relations in designing the collection. Obviously, a philosophical and cosmic geometry whose discovery is the start of new recognition of Iranian architectural philosophy. Processing method is a research in signals and symbols and investigation in geometrical cohesion and consistency of such signals and symbols, with surety concerning the basis of spatial geometric relations in the ancient architecture of Iran and thematic comparison of symbols and relations existing in the space. Discovery of the hidden geometry of the environment on the square proves that using a module that is created based on ancient Architectural spatial philosophy of Iran, tries to have a great impact on human and existing relations in the space at the presence of cosmic symbols and well-reasoned mathematical relations.

Paper has been made from many different substances (such as wood, cotton, Linn and grasses) and in many different ways. The stability of paper depends on which fibre and manufacturing process was used and which surface treatment (e.g.sizing) was applied. Obviously then, different types of paper may need different conservation Treatments.Cleaning and removal of dirts, stains may be removal tow mechanical and chemicals solvents. Old stains that have changed and as oxidized are very difficult and of impossible to remove. All the cleaning that is necessary paper may also be cleaned with water, but any document not, in this case we must used another method. If more thorough cleaning is required it should be done only by a conservator. The term cleaning and removal stains refer to a Varity of conservation procedures. The simplest of method is surface as dry cleaning, which done with soft brush as an erasing compound. The most complex cleaning procedures involve chemicals.

Bookbinding as one of important fields of the bibliopegy and bookmaking art is from the subjects of useful of the civilization history of Islam world on culture and Great Iran Civilizationespecially Islamic period. Also the bookbinding has could to impress a lot on world civilization history by itself spiritual influence. The Safavid period in between the Islamic governments of Iran is one the opportunities of very valued for growth of the bibliopegy art-especially the bookbinding. Some specialties as growth of the past bookbinding methods, to create of the new methods and also more variety in use of different materials and new design in bookbinding has caused that superiority and costliness of the bookbindings and manuscripts of this period become as many toward periods of before its. In this article, condition of the bookbinding in Safavid period from the different viewpoints explained, and also the bookbinding types and techniques of this period, enclosed designs, materials and tool of the useable studied in the form of the scientific classification.

Besides the fantasy, subject and imagination for making an animation film or moving images in the video productions. The most important role of desiging and drawing shouldn>t be neglected as the basic activities for professionals and amateurs. Styles of designing, methods of drawing the shapes and the charecters, are categorized in different schools and styles. Since the begining of the ancient civilization, animals were functional in the life of human being. Nowadays characterization of animals in animation production, is in the exact geometric relations in designing the collection. Obviously, a philosophical and cosmic geometry whose discovery is the start of new recognition of Iranian architectural philosophy. Processing method is a research in signals and symbols and investigation in geometrical cohesion and consistency of such signals and symbols, with surety concerning the basis of spatial geometric relations in the ancient architecture of Iran and thematic comparison of symbols and relations existing in the space. Discovery of the hidden geometry of the environment on the square proves that using a module that is created based on ancient Architectural spatial philosophy of Iran, tries to have a great impact on human and existing relations in the space at the presence of cosmic symbols and well-reasoned mathematical relations.

Art at Elkani period that consists of 7 and 8 centuries based on Hejri calender, after its intial downturn at the age of architectural arts exprienced an important progress. Art of stucco as one of those, with its wonderful patterns and performing technique exhibits the special art of that period.This kind of art was used at religious places especially the adytums, before this age.Adytums of this period have been beautifully designed, based on golden proportions and scales, geometrical and round line and pattern in composition. Patterns are continuation of Saljugi works and the valuable part of this building which belonged to a scientist of that age is Katibei-e-Madar-o-Bache and its worthy stucco work. There are stucco works in different parts of the building. The adytum which is the most elegant and graceful part, according to patterns and performance, is harmonic with other parts. Concepts and general atmosphere of the adytum of this building will be analyzed in this review.