نشریه سالمندشناسی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 7، زمستان 1396)

Ageing is associated with many degenerative functional changes and cognitive functions are most vulnerable in this period. Given that there is little information about cognitive failures in the elderly and its influencing factors; the purpose of this research was investigating the mediating role of education in the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive failures in the elderly people.
In this descriptive- correlational study, statistical population comprised of all elderly people in Tehran in 2017. The sample of this study included 215 elderly who were selected by purposive sampling method from nursing homes and a two stage cluster sampling method from Parks in Tehran City. In order to gathering data Cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and Kentucky inventory mindfulness skill (KIMS) were used. In order to analyze data Pearson correlation coefficient and interactional multiple regression method were employed. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.
The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant negative relationship between mindfulness and cognitive failures in elderly people. It was also found that all subscales of mindfulness (observe, describe, act with awareness and accept without judgment) had significant negative relationship with all components of cognitive failures (memory, distractibility, names and blunders).There was a positive significant relationship between education and mindfulness and its subscales. There was a negative significant relationship between education and cognitive failures and its components. The results of Moderated regression analyses showed that education can moderate the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive Failures in the elderly.
Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive failures in elderly is not a simple linear association; it is influenced and moderated by education. The results of this study have significant educational and therapeutic implications about the importance of mindfulness and education in experiencing cognitive failures in the elderly.

ageing period affect on variety of psychological and social factors like; social support, loneliness and quality of sleep. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep quality and perceived social support with loneliness in elderly men.
The current study is descriptive research. 100 elderly men between 65 to 75 years old were selected by Available sampling method through district number 20 and the Jahandidegan centers of Tehran Municipality by 2015-2016. Data collection tools included mental state examination (MMSE), Screening subjects and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) ,loneliness questionnaire (UCLA) and perceived social support questionnaire were Zymt (MSPSS). In order to analyze data from tables descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and ,stepwise regression were used.
The results showed that there was a negative significant relationship between sleep quality and loneliness with perceived social support. Social protection alone is able to predict loneliness in elderly men and 58% of its variance was explained through it (p Attention to the quality of life, loneliness, and perceived social support among elderly men could be useful. The findings of this study focus on the role of social support in the elderly health care. Therefore, it is suggested to the psychologists and counselors to develop programs based on promotion of social support and prevention the loneliness and isolation in elderly men.

The investigation of psychometric properties of the short-form of self-management ability scale in older people, including reliability, validity, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was the purpose of this study.
In this descriptive- survey study, 283 older people (135 males and 148 females), were selected through available sampling in Tehran. The construct validity of management ability scale was investigated through exploratory factor analysis and main components method by using varimax orthogonal rotation. Reliability of the scale was calculated by test-retest method and ordinal alpha coefficient.
The exploratory factor analysis showed six factors (taking initiative, investing, self-efficacy, variety, multifunctionality and positive frame of mind). Test-retest reliability and internal consistency the ordinal alpha coefficients assumed good.
According to the results of current research, the short-form of self-management ability scale is a reliable instrument with appropriate psychometric properties to measure the rate of self-management ability in Iranian older people.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the elderly. Systematic use of medicine due to the polypharmacy phenomenon can be effective in controlling hypertension in the elderly. Therefore, self-care in systematic use of medicine of this group is crucial. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Orem Self-care Model with a focus on systematic medicine usage, on the elderly infected by hypertension.
The present study is a quasi-experimental study in eldely in Tehran in 2015. The data collection was conducted using a barometer that is calibered and blood pressure was controlled by researcher. Sixty patients were selected using non-randomly and available method from elderly clinic in Taleghani hospital. After the pre-test, 4 training sessions were conducted based on the need assessment and using the Orem Model. Then, the post-tests were performed one and three months after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 21 Software, and Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.
According to the Chi-square test, the samples of the two groups were identical in terms of demographic variables (P The results show that the application of Orem Self-care Model with a focus on systematic medicine usage is efficient on the elderly affected by hypertension. It is suggested that Orem Self-care Model with a focus on systematic medicine usage, to be considered for other diseases.

Older adults prefer to live at home in later life, but current life condition obliged them to live at nursing homes. However, literatures showed that living in nursring homes leads to dissatisfaction, loneliness and poor quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to perform some interventions to improve the quality of life of older adults in nursing home and increase its acceptability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of social and recreational interventions on the quality of life of the older adults living at nursing homes in Qazvin and comparing it with the quality of life of community-dwelling older adults.
This was a quasi-experimental study. The sample size was 37 older adults’ residents of nursing homes and 36 older adults living in the community, which were selected through convenience and randomized sampling, respectively. Data were collected using the WHOQOL-36 before and three months after the intervention. Intervention was an amusement program, Inner city tour and a trip outside the city and regular visiting by an internal specialist. Data was analyzed by SPSS21 using independent t-test and paired t-test.
Before the intervention, the mean of quality of life among nursing homes residents was 59.43 ± 8.29 in physical aspect, (63.88 ± 5.80 ) in psychological aspect and overall ( 61.65 ± 5.31). These scores for the older adults in the community were 63.88 ± 5.80, 64.63 ± 8.37 And 64.60 ± 7.30 respectively. After the intervention, mean of quality of life for older adults at nursing homes was 61.29 ± 8.07 in physical aspect, 71.08 ± 6.80 in the psychological aspect and overall 66.18 ± 5.17. No significant changes were observed in the control group (7.85 ± 63.97, 8.10 ± 66.08 and 6.96 ± 65.2).
Some interventions could make the nursing homes more attractive for the older adults and would improve their quality of life similar to community-dwelling older adults.

According to the increase in aging population, studying the life quality and its related factors is important. Due to the various aspects of elderly’s quality of life and many different needs including physical, mental and social, there are a few comprehensive studies in this field. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the life quality of elderly and its dimensions in nursing homes through a review of total previous studies.
The present study has examined fifteen-year researches and studies in Persian and Latin sources, such as scientific databases, information banks of Iranian publications and magazines, engineering journals and design indexed in Science direct, magazines in Taylor & Francis and Springer link websites during all three months of spring 1395 with the selected keywords including nursing home, elderly’s life quality, elderly residence and environmental characteristics of elderly and English phrase “Quality of life & nursing home”.
Findings: The extracted variables from 58 essays related to the subject via content analysis of earned variables and consultation with experts in the field of elderly architecture were divided into four groups including 12 factors: Physical variables (safety, physical support and rehabilitation), structural-functional variables (environmental and physical fitness, accessibility and comfort), cognitive factors (familiarity with the environment, perceptual security, sensory stimulation, sense of efficacy and psychological support) and sociocultural variables (social protection and confidentiality). Among the four variable groups, researchers emphasize on the following factors in order: cognitive variables (with a frequency of 48.8%), sociocultural variables (21.4%), physical variables (20.8%) and structural-functional variables (9%).
the results has shown that many factors affect the life quality of older people in nursing homes and the related factors to the nursing home structure were classified in 12 minor groups and four general variables and also the great magnitude of cognitive variables for researchers and then in an order of sociocultural, physical and structural-functional variables was emphasized. Accordingly it is suggested that cognitive and sociocultural aspects should be considered in a specific way in studies, planning and designing nursing homes in addition to physical and structural variables.

Following the growth of the older population, attention to their health issues has become increasingly important. One of the issues that have been considered for various reasons is the oral health of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the oral health status of older people in Tehran.
This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. This study was conducted on 190 older people (113 old men and 77 old women) in Tehran's parks. The oral health status of the elderly was evaluated by GOHAI's oral health index, which has already been validated in Iran. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation and correlation and T independent test, using SPSS v.22 software.
The mean age of participants was 67.30 ± 6.87. About 57.90% of the older adults did not have any of their teeth. The mean oral health of the older adults was 43.04 ± 10.61. There was a significant positive correlation between discomfort score and number of missing teeth (P The results showed that the oral health status of the older adults is not appropriate in Tehran, which indicates the need to pay more attention to preventing oral problems and improving oral health.

Exercise training and nutrition are non-pharmacological strategies which can reduce the sarcopenia-induced muscle atrophy in the older adults. Investigating the skeletal muscle mass atrophy is achievable by measuring the amount of plasma follistatin, as one of the key markers of determining lean body mass. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of dark chocolate extract supplementation with eight weeks resistance training on plasma Follistatin level in older adults.
in this semi-experimental study, 36 elderly adults (19 males, 17 females), mean age 67.21±4.19 years, randomly divided to four groups: training (EX), supplement (S), training supplement (EX), and control (C). Subjects of the training groups underwent a resistance training program including eight movements (intensity: 60-80% 1RM), three sessions per week for eight weeks. Subjects of supplements groups consumed capsules containing 500mg of dark chocolate extract –contain epicatechin- every day. Follistatin levels were measured before and after eight weeks intervention. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests with SPSS software (version 22).
Follistatin values increased significantly in EX (P=0.01), S (P=0.02) and EX (P=0.001) groups compared to C group after the intervention. The percentage of the changes of follistatin values were significantly higher in EX group (63.15%) compared to EX (43.48) and S (29.05%) groups. Moreover, chest press and leg press maximal strength increased in EX (P=0.03) and EX (P=0.01) groups in comparison with C group (P≤0.05).
Consequently, considering the increasing effect of resistance training and dark chocolate extract supplementation on Follistatin levels in the elderly, it seems that resistance training with dark chocolate extract supplementation is a suitable strategy to reduce the effects of sarcopenia in the older adults.