فهرست مطالب

Journal of Medical Physiology
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Autumn 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/09/06
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Saeed Safari Page 41
    Recording physiologic factors such as cardiac, respiratory, and circulatory parameters (such as central and peripheral blood pressure) is among the most basic cares provided in emergency departments (ED). ED, as the first line of providing health care in hospitals, has many visitors with various levels of urgency every day. Usually, these patients are classified using various triage systems on arrival and those with more emergent conditions are dispositioned to cardiovascular resuscitation units or intensive care units. In some emergency departments, all beds are equipped with advanced monitoring systems.Among these monitoring systems are monitors for pulse rate and rhythm, blood pressure monitoring, pulse oximeter, respiratory carbon dioxide monitoring, etc. These systems provide accurate real-time data regarding the patient’s hemodynamics for the medical team and help them make more rapid and accurate decisions. However, the large number of wires, tubes and labels is unpleasant for the medical team and sometimes even interferes with initiation of resuscitation and accurate examination of the patient. In addition, following disposition, sweating, patients being cleaned up by the staff, etc. problems may arise regarding unplugging or even damage to the tubes or wires connected to the patient. In addition, since other specialists are not present in ED full-time, with the current systems sending real-time data to them is difficult if not impossible.It seems that considering the significant advances in the fields of electronic and mechatronic, we can use wireless systems for this purpose. Limited efforts have been made in this field, but there is still a need for problem solving and designing systems that can be installed on the existing devices to make them wireless. If this is done, we might be able to share monitoring data more easily via Bluetooth or other existing technologies. Whatever the case, in this letter a problem in everyday practice has been addressed and solving this problem requires cooperation from electronic and mechanic specialists as well as physiologists and cardiologists.This method may be able to convert the mobile phones of physicians in charge of these patients to a portable monitoring device, so that they will be able to make an instant diagnosis, take rapid treatment measures, and save critically ill patients’ lives. Hereby, all the readers of this short letter who have the knowledge and specialty to participate in this project are invited to cooperate in this regard.
    Keywords: Wireless monitoring, Emergency Medicine, Physiological Parameters
  • Fatemeh Ramezani, Farinaz Nasirinezhad, Nahid Abotaleb Pages 42-54
    It was estimated that 2.5 million people have spinal cord injury, which more than 130,000 new injuries reported each year. These patients have serious complications. To date, there are not any available definite and reliable clinical treatments for spinal cord injury to restores the injury-induced loss of function to reach a degree that an independent life can be guaranteed. In the last decade, with the emerging of nanotechnology, nanomaterials such as nanowires, nanofibers, nanoparticles, liposomes, and carbon-based nanomaterials were offered for effective treatments of spinal cord injury. The use of nanotechnology offers promising future perspectives for spinal cord injury treatment. This article reviews the recent applications of the most widely used nanomaterials such as nanowire, nanofiber, graphene and nanotube for SCI treatment.
    Keywords: Spinal Cord Injury, Treatment, Nanotechnology, Graphene, Nanotube, Nanofiber, Nanowire
  • Sahar Mirbaha, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Ahmed Negida, Alaleh Rouhipour, Alireza Baratloo Pages 55-59
    Background
    Hemodynamics and venous blood gas (VBG) may be used to guide fluid therapy in septic shock patients. However, the influence of fluid therapy on hemodynamic and blood gas parameters is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of fluid therapy on hemodynamic and VBG parameters.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2016. All patients with diagnosis of severe sepsis were enrolled in the study. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP) shock index, VBG parameters, serum sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) levels, anion gap, and oxygen saturation (O2sat) were assessed before fluid resuscitation, after resuscitation, and after fluid challenge test.
    Results
    A total of 100 patients were included (mean age were 72.54 ± 12.77 years, 66% male). Fluid therapy significantly increased DBP (df: 2; F= 4.17; p = 0.017), MAP (df: 2; F= 6.06; p= 0.003), and CVP (df: 2; F= 27.54; p < 0.001), while the shock index was significantly reduced After fluid challenge test (df: 2; F= 7.6; p= 0.001). In addition, fluid therapy had no effect on pH (p= 0.90), HCO3 (p= 0.23), base excess (p= 0.13), SCVO2 (p= 0.73), O2sat (p= 0.73), anion gap (p= 0.96), serum Na level (p= 0.71), and serum Cl level (p= 0.64).
    Conclusion
    Administration of fluid therapy in septic shock patients had no significant effect on SBP, heart rate, or blood gas parameters. Future studies on a larger sample of patients should confirm these findings and correlate them to clinical outcomes.
    Keywords: Hemodynamic parameters, Blood Gas Analysis, Fluid Therapy, Shock, Septic
  • Sepide Saffarpour, Shakira Ghafour, Farinaz Nasirinezhad Pages 60-66
    Background
    Ascorbic acid is a well-known antioxidant but its antinociceptive effect on chronic pain is not known. The aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effect of intraperitoneal administration of different doses of ascorbic acid in a peripheral neuropathic pain model.
    Methods
    To investigate the efficacy of ascorbic acid on neuropathic pain, male rats were allocated to 5 acute administration and 2 chronic administration groups. Pain induced by chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI). Different amount of ascorbic acid (1, 3, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and normal saline were injected in acute protocol (single injection two weeks after CCI). In addition, ascorbic acid was administrated with dose of 3 mg/kg (daily injection for three weeks; chronic administration). Hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed.
    Results
    Chronic intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg ascorbic acid for 3 weeks increase pain threshold from the second week after CCI. Acute administration of 1 mg/kg ascorbic acid did not produce any changes in pain threshold of neuropathic rats but acute injection of 5 and 10 mg/kg, significantly alleviate pain 30 minutes after injection in the second week following CCI. Similar result observed in chronic administration of ascorbic acid.
    Conclusion
    These data suggest that ascorbic acid produces analgesia in neuropathic rats.
    Keywords: Ascorbate, Hyperalgesia, Allodynia, Chronic Constriction Injury
  • Sahar Mirbaha, Alireza Baratloo, Parviz Karimi Pages 67-71
    Introduction
    Rapid acute physiological score (RAPS) and Worthing physiological scoring system (WPSS) models have received much attention in recent years. Yet, the value of these systems in outcome prediction of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients has not been assessed. Therefore, the present study was designed aiming to compare the value of the 2 mentioned models in prediction of 6-month mortality of head trauma patients.
    Methods
    The present study is a diagnostic accuracy one evaluating head trauma patients presenting to emergency department. Each patient had a WPSS score and a RAPS score, and then the discriminatory powers of the 2 models with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were compared.
    Results
    Data of 735 head trauma patients was assessed. During the 6-month follow-up, 48 (6.53%) patients died. Area under the curve of RAPS and WPSS in prediction of 6-month mortality were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.88-0.98) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98), respectively. The 2 evaluation models had similar value in prediction of mortality in head trauma patients (p = 0.10). The best cut off point for RAPS and WPSS in prediction of trauma patients’ mortality was 5 and 2, respectively. RAPS had sensitivity and specificity of 89.58 (95% CI: 76.56-96.10) and 85.15 (95% CI: 82.22-87.68), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of WPSS model were 100.0 (95% CI: 90.77-100.0) and 87.92 (95% CI: 85.19-90.21), respectively.
    Conclusion
    Findings show that there is a significant correlation between physiological factors on admission and mortality of head trauma patients. In addition, it was determined that RAPS and WPSS physiological scoring systems have high value in prediction of mortality following TBI.
    Keywords: Brain injuries, mortality, diagnosis, emergency service, hospital
  • Mohammad Mehdi Forouzanfar, Sadrollah Mahmoudi, Hamid Reza Javadzadeh, Alireza Baratloo, Nastaran Sadat Mahdavi, Behrooz Hashemi, Abolfazl Darafarin Pages 72-77
    Background
    The present study was carried out with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of 2.5 mg dose of haloperidol compared with its standard 5 mg dose in relieving symptoms of cluster headaches and finding out to what extent the dopaminergic pathway affects the incidence of cluster headaches.
    Methods
    The present study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial carried out in 3 health centers, Tehran, Iran. Patients diagnosed with cluster headache were treated by intravenous administration of 2.5 and 5 mg of haloperidol. Using a standard visual analog scale, pain severity was recorded before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after intervention. Treatment success (at least 3 points decrease in pain severity), side effects and recurrence of the headache were evaluated.
    Results
    Finally, 42 patients were treated with 2.5 mg dose of haloperidol and 41 were in the 5 mg dose haloperidol treatment group. 40 (95.2%) patients who were treated with 2.5 mg dose of haloperidol experienced a significant decrease in pain (at least 3 points decrease in pain severity) in the initial 30 minutes. During this time, all of the patients (success rate=100%) treated with 5 mg dose of the drug had a significant decrease in pain. The two doses did not have a significant difference regarding treatment success (p=0.42).
    Conclusion
    Results of the present study showed that both 2.5 and 5 mg doses of haloperidol have similar effectiveness in reducing cluster headaches. The high success rate observed indicates that hyperactivity of dopaminergic pathway plays an important role in onset of cluster headaches.
    Keywords: Cluster Headache, Haloperidol, Dopaminergic Pathways
  • Farinaz Nasirinezhad, Ashraf Ahmadi, Seyyed Milad Abrishamifar Pages 78-83
    Background
    No special information has been reported about anti-fertility effect of Ruta graveolens. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Ruta graveolens alcoholic extract on fertility of male mice and its contraceptive effects.
    Methods
    30 immature male Balb/C mice were allocated to three groups of intact control, vehicle, and Ruta graveolens treatment that received Ruta extract. A single sub-LD50 300 mg/kg dose of alcoholic extract of the plant was injected intraperitoneally, every day for a week. A month after the last injection, the animals were deeply anesthetized and dissected. Blood was collected intracardially for hormonal assay. The testes were extruded, weighed and then fixed for histological studies.
    Results
    Administration of 300 mg/kg Ruta graveolens showed no significant changes in weight of testis, but induced a significant decrease in number of type A spermatogonia (df: 2, 27; F=6.51; p=0.005) and number of spermatid cells (df: 2, 27; F=4.28; p=0.02) compared to control. Four weeks after injection of Ruta graveolens serum, testosterone level (df: 2, 27; F=3.43; p=0.047) significantly decreased compared to control animals. However, there were no significant changes in serum follicle stimulating hormone (df: 2, 27; F=3.34; p=0.051) and luteal hormone (df: 2, 27; F=0.15; p=0.87) levels.
    Conclusion
    The results indicated that alcoholic extract of Ruta graveolens diminishes the activity of male reproductive system by reducing spermatogonia and spermatids, but has no effect on serum level of follicle stimulating hormone and luteal hormone, and might be a useful substance for birth control; however, further studies are suggested.
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis, Spermatogenesis, Ruta, Contraceptive Agents, Mice, Inbred BALB C