فهرست مطالب

Medical Physiology - Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Journal of Medical Physiology
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/09/04
  • تعداد عناوین: 5
|
  • Siavash Hamzehpour, Mohammad Moradi Pages 32-33

    The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a febrile and acute viral disease, and it is sporadic and epidemic in human societies, although it is special for animals (1). The disease was first identified in the Crimean Peninsula in the years 1945-1944 and was called the Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever. In 1956, the epidemic of the disease in the Congo also occurred, and due to the similarity of the disease agent, the combination of names of these two regions was used for naming the disease (2). The cause of this disease is a single-stranded viraemia virus from the genus Neurovirus and the Bunyaviridae family (3). One of the ways to transmit the disease is tick bites, and the hyaloma ticks are the most important constituent of the Crimean-Congo fever vein and the reservoir. In addition to transmitting the disease to vertebrates, due to a vertical and horizontal transmission, they transmit it to the next generation (4). Also, human contact with meat, blood and contaminated secretions of livestock in a livestock eradication period causes the transmission of the disease (5). Human to human transmission, which is more often seen as a hospital infection, is also a means of transmitting the disease (6). The incubation period after a tick bite is 1 to 3 days and a maximum of 9 days, and is slightly longer after contact with contaminated blood or tissue about 5-6 days, and finally 14 days (7). In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are sudden which include severe headaches, fever, chills, muscle pain, especially the back and leg muscles, neck stiffness, dizziness, reddening of the eyes, fear of light, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Then, a severe generalized muscle pain appears, mostly at the back and hamstring, and the patient complains of back pain and epigastric pain (8). In the examination of patients, facial flushing and chest thigtness, hyperemia of throat mucusand petechialsare common symptoms which draw attention. Hemorrhagic phenomena include melena, hematuria and bleeding from the nose and gums and the uterus, and sometimes the bloody sputum and subconjunctival hemorrhageand bleeding of the ear may occur after petechiae. Sometimes a patient suffers from severe thirst, dullness, back pain and agitation, and respiratory distress may also occur due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Also, because the virus affects the reticuloendothelial system, hepatosplenomegaly, liver tenderness, spleen tenderness and epigastria is seen. Significant cardiovascular disorders in the Crimean fever include heart rate, low blood pressure, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia (9). With the severity of the disease progressing, the bleeding is intensified and the patient loses a lot of blood, and therefore there first appears the shock, then the renal and hepatic failure, as well as the disorder of breathing and cardiac arrest occurs, and ultimately the death of the patient occurs through disseminated intravascular coagulation (10).

    Keywords: Crimean-Congo, Hemorrhagic Fever, Pathophysiology
  • Mahmoud Yousefifard, Farinaz Nasirinezhad Pages 34-44

    Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain, which manifests following injury of peripheral or central nervous system. Spinal cord injury is one of the most important etiologies of neuropathic pain. Therefore, to eliminate this pain, repairing the injured site is essential. Currently, using stem cells is a promising method for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies are being carried out to extend the duration of life and efficiency of these cells and even genetically guide them to a specific pathway, which has increased hope for treatment of diseases related to the nervous system. In this study, we aim to do a comprehensive review on cell therapy techniques in treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.
    Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain, which manifests following injury of peripheral or central nervous system. Spinal cord injury is one of the most important etiologies of neuropathic pain. Therefore, to eliminate this pain, repairing the injured site is essential. Currently, using stem cells is a promising method for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies are being carried out to extend the duration of life and efficiency of these cells and even genetically guide them to a specific pathway, which has increased hope for treatment of diseases related to the nervous system. In this study, we aim to do a comprehensive review on cell therapy techniques in treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.

    Keywords: Neuropathic pain, Stem Cells, Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury
  • Mahmoud Yousefifard, Mohsen Parviz, Mostafa Hosseini, Mohammad Ebadiani, Mansoor Keshavarz Pages 45-49
    Background

    Although the temperament is one of the most important bases of the traditional medicine, it is always a challenging issue among the Hakims and philosophers. The present study aimed to determine the importance and validity of hemodynamic values in individual temperament.

    Method

    This cross-sectional study has been carried out on 20-25 years old students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Individual temperament was initially determined using a questionnaire in which qualitative criteria of temperament have been changed to quantitative scales and presented as temperament score. Then temperament correlation with arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate was evaluated using correlation and multivariate linear regression tests.

    Results

    A hundred and two students (45.1% male) were enrolled. Multivariate linear regression adjusted for body mass index showed systolic blood pressure (β=0.95; t=9.7; p

    Conclusion

    To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that evaluated the correlation of hemodynamic factors with temperament model of Persian traditional medicine. Our findings showed that gender, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure and fast heart rate were associated with temperament.

    Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Temperament, Predictive Factors
  • Neamatollah Ataei, Sonbol Ameli, Masoud Baikpour, Fatemeh Ataei, Behnaz Bazargani, Arash Abbasi, Mostafa Hosseini Pages 50-55
    Background

    Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to insults that lead to decreased kidney function within hours to weeks and can be associated with complications including chronic kidney failure, end-stage renal disease and even death. Although various biomarkers have been proposed to predict AKI in children, but no consensus has been reached on the best diagnostic method. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the correlation between urine NGAL levels and development of AKI in children and determine which one of the biomarkers of urine NGAL, serum Cystatin C and serum creatinine has a stronger association with AKI in the pediatric population.

    Methods

    The present cross-sectional study was conducted on children younger than 14 years of age, hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Children’s Medical Centre in Tehran, Iran, during 2016. Urine NGAL, serum Cystatin C and serum creatinine levels of these subjects were measured on admission to the intensive care unit. The concentrations of serum Cystatin C and serum creatinine were measured again after 48 hours to determine the AKI status of the subjects. Data were analyzed to determine the association between GFR and the concentrations of evaluated biomarkers and to compare the levels of biomarkers between the four groups of no AKI, injury, failure, loss and end-stage.

    Results

    A total of 104 children (59 boys and 45 girls, average age=28.0±3.5 months) were included in this study. The mean level of uNGAL on admission in the No-AKI group (153.79±29.82) was significantly lower than the children in the injury (1225.0 ±275.0) and failure (756.56±147.79) groups (df:3, 100; F=10.74; p

    Conclusion

    Base on the findings of this study, it seems that compared to serum creatinine level, the concentrations of NGAL in urine and Cystatin C in the serum have stronger associations with the kidney function, with the latter providing a slightly higher prognostic value.

    Keywords: Biomarker, Acute Kidney Injury, Predictive Factors
  • Maryam Baikpour, Masoud Baikpour, Mostafa Hosseini, Arash Sarveazad Pages 56-62
    Background

    Changes in secretion of cytokines can cause various physiological alterations in the body and might be involved in pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, our knowledge in this field is still limited and further investigations are required. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide evidence on the levels of adiponectin and interleukins in obese and normal subjects.

    Methods

    In this case-control study, 70 healthy subjects with body mass indices (BMI) ranging from 18.0 to 24.9 kg/m2 and 70 healthy obese subjects with BMIs equal or greater than 25 kg/m2 were recruited from the students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences as the control and case groups, respectively. Included subjects underwent anthropometric measurements and then the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 12 (IL-12), interleukin 18 (IL-18) and adiponectin were measured in their sera.

    Results

    Analyses showed positive significant linear correlations between BMI and the levels of TNF-alpha (r=0.58; p

    Conclusion

    The findings of the present study showed significant correlations between serum levels of inflammatory markers and BMI. Increasing BMI was found to be associated with rises in the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-18 and decreases in the concentrations of IL-10 and adiponectin. These results further emphasize the importance of addressing inflammatory markers in obesity.

    Keywords: Biomarker, Cytokines, Obesity, Adults