فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 50 (بهار 1396)

Creative Industries recently has been recognized as a growing and important industry so that is considered in policy-making procedures. The economic value of the creative industries is beyond the obvious production of cultural goods or the use of creative people and can be expanded as a driver and facilitator in the process of changing the entire economy. According to researchers, innovation and creativity are the necessary conditions for the implementation resistance economy and dynamic performance of industrial companies to gain technical knowledge and technology for sustainable production. Perhaps user innovation has been the most important change in the innovation process since the industrial revolution in the innovation process and is becoming a very powerful and growing approach. This approach has more advantages than the driven producer innovation (which has been the focus of attention for hundreds of years). When users are able to innovate, they can develop exactly what they want (rather than relying on manufacturers that act often very imperfect). therefore, users are an important source of creative ideas for new products and services. In this paper we have used four models of creative industries to express the dynamic relationships between the Creative Industries and modern economy; Relying on innovation model, by reviewing the literature on creative industries, we identified challenges related to creative industries and then according to these challenges was designed creative industries organization for user innovation approach.

More than two decades of the formation of science and technology parks in Iran, some numerous challenges that such a mission that is defined for them , parks cannot significant services for companies operating in the country's soft - technology . One of the challenges that science and technology parks in the country was facing a certain criteria to determine optimum can provide services to the development of companies operating in the field of software technology . Hence in this research has been trying to examine the various models of science and technology parks global software and also field study, the opinions of some activists inside the arena , proposals to boosting and developing science and technology and services parks aimed at expanding and upgrading small and medium - sized companies in the field of software technologies . In this study of the process of reviewing the resources, as well as qualitative interview Nonconstructive to collect information and also to wrap up the research method of fuzzy decision - making . the results of the present study suggests that the basic services, such as low - interest loans , offering dangers of promoting and developing companies, the transfer of experience required companies, including a market analysis , and demographic characteristics of their needs for development and the success of the importance of these companies .

Today, knowledge- based companies as a key option to produce wealth in developing countries is responsible for explaining and modeling research and development processes and significantly contributes to diffusion innovation in industry. In fact, knowledge-based companies are considered important components of resistance economy and its realization. Its growth and development could bring in to resistance against economical invasions. Hence, identifying and ranking factors effecting implementation of knowledge management in such companies is research necessity which is discussed the current research. Now, there are 33 science and technology parks and over 2700 knowledge-based company in parks. Questionnaires are distributed among 70 knowledge-based companies in science and technology Park of Tehran University as the second superior park in country. In the current research, case study and field-data collection are used. Questionnaire is designed using Likert technique and it consists in 3 major factors, organization, human resource, and information technology, and 11 following criteria: objectives and perspectives, leadership, executives, application, software, infrastructure, organizational culture, financial and non-financial incentives, modeling and evaluating. Analyzing information, Cronbach's alpha 0.78 was obtained and using Freidman test and T-test. Among factors effecting successful implementation knowledge management, one can refer to objects and organizational respective as the most important factor and financial incentives as the lowest important factor. This conclusion is reasonable according to nature of knowledge –based companies.

Not only innovation being the foundation and basis for technology, but also is considering as a driver of technological changes in organization. That means the transition and evolution of technology depends to the creativity and innovation. Thus industrial organizations by the process of new and innovative products and services make changes in technology frontiers. Considering researches have been done in a context of innovation, we can see that lots of researchers referred to the importance of innovation process to intensify competitiveness and productivity. But, in related to determining the critical phases in process of technological innovation, a comprehensive research has not been observed. In this research with using Content Analysis Method, a new category of critical dimensions, components, and indicators in technological innovation process of organization, has been represented by surveying the past studies in relation with innovation process. With revision and surveying the theories of different researchers in relation with the subject of technological innovation process, research's result subdivided in three dimensions accompanied with its components and indicators namely “Idea Generation”, “Idea Implementation”, and “Commercialization and Diffusion”. Based on this research organizations should more focus on idea evaluation and implementation dimension. Finally indicators like “growing process of idea concepts in a practical and usable way”, “identification of problems and needs of the organization”, “employee’s freedom in doing work process”, and also “using marketing knowledge, and selling and diffusion skills” have been the most important indicators affecting in Implementation of technological innovation process.

According that the risks in the project could have a significant effect on the short-term performance and long-term negative impact on financial performance, therefore, risk management is necessary to reduce failures due to various risks such as uncertain economic cycles, uncertain customer demand and unpredictable natural disasters and humanitarian. Previous studies have shown that having a comprehensive list of risks in oil and gas projects and also prioritizing and determine risks significance is important. In this study we identified TJ (Tehran Jonoob Co.) risks using PMBOK’s methods of risk identification and categorizing, Then specified the weight of the criteria’s (cost, time, quality, scope) using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (Fuzzy AHP) and Finally we discussed on prioritizing risks totally and in groups using TOPSIS method.

This study developed in 8 of the R & D management model to analyze the factors affecting the Pars Khodro Company will pay R & D management. And determines the performance of the company. . -Pymayshy Descriptive research and data gathering instrument was a questionnaire which its validity with the judgment of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and SPSS software. Due to the limited population of the study, the total number method is used to rank the factors affecting the management of research and development in Pars Khodro Company of paired comparisons with ANP techniques using software is used SUPER DECISIONS. The results obtained from the software indicates that financial factors were ranked first and managerial factors responsible for learning and innovation, technological platforms, operating commercial, technical factors, the operating system have won the next rank.

The main purpose in this research is to identify the efficient strategic factors in success of small and early return firms from manager’s point of view, with the Balance Score Cards method approach. This is an applied, descriptive and survey research. The data are collected within 2015 November and December (Aban and Azar of 1394). Statistical society contains 70 firms that are selected in simple accidental method and totally 60 firms are studied. The data of this research are gathered by the certain questionnaire containing 35 questions. SPSS version 20 is used to analysis the data. In descriptive statistics, the education of managers is analyzed. Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test is used in inferential analysis to test the questions and normality of data. According to the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test, the binomial test is used to answer the questions about the components (of B.S.C) and one-sample t-test is used to investigate the dimensions of it. Also and Friedman is used to rank the strategic factors. Finally the results of this research show that, the small quick-impact firms in terms of balancing different aspects, are in good situation and in this respect the opinion of managers, show the homogenous attention to the four main aspects in this method. However there are some strategic effective factors which may not be seen or be neglected by the managers.

During recent decades, developed and developing countries’ economy have changed incrementally. In these years, physical resources and assets have lost their strategic significance and importance of knowledge both in production and services has grown significantly. Knowledge is now recognized as the driver of productivity and economic growth, leading to a new focus on the role of information, technology and learning in economic performance. Due to these fundamental changes, establishment of knowledge intensive SMEs and production of Knowledge-based and high tech products has grown considerably. Operating in international markets is one of the most important aspects of knowledge-based products developers. Knowledge-based products export as an effective factor in economic development has been considered by developed countries for many years. Although, utilization of such an economic approach has not long history in Iran and investigation of related information indicates inconsistent results in this field. This paper reviews related literature to shed more lights on knowledge-based export performance and related challenges for Iranian practitioners and then introduces several solutions focusing on the factors affecting exporters’ performance through knowledge-based products in export markets, finally presenting some suggestions both on researches and/or executions.